被動語態(tài)課件-特殊用法

1、被動語態(tài)的特殊用法and特殊句子的被動語態(tài)and主動形式表被動意義教師：朱家杰特殊用法（1）帶雙賓語的被動語態(tài): 如果一個主動語態(tài)句中含有直接賓語和間接賓語，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的時候，有兩種轉換方法:b.將表示物的直接賓語轉換為被動語態(tài)的主語，則原間接賓語前須加介詞to 或for。列如:She gave me a pen yesterday. A pen was given to me yesterday by her.a.將表示人的間接賓語轉換為被動語態(tài)的主語，而表示物的直接賓語位置不變。列如:She gave me a pen yesterday.I was given a pen yeste

2、rday by her. 注意：主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時，當把表示物的直接賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語時，有的間接賓語前用to,有的間接賓語前用for。一般來講動詞do,make,buy,cook,get等用for,而give,pass等用to 如:a. He bought me a book. A book was bought for me by him. b. My mother gives me a skirt. A skirt is given to me by my mother.特殊用法(2)省略to 的動詞不定式的被動語態(tài) 在主動語態(tài)的句子中，一些表示感官或使役意義的動詞，如hear ,w

3、atch, see, feel, notice, listen to, let, make, have和help等后面的賓語補足語是動詞不定式時，主動語態(tài)中要用不帶to 的動詞不定式，但當這樣的主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，必須把省略to的動詞不定式符號to 補出來。例如：a. We often hear her sing in the room.She is often heard to sing in the room (by us).b. The boss made them work for 16 hours a day.They were made to work for 16 hours

4、 a day(by the boss).注意;如果主動語態(tài)句中的感官動詞帶動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語，則在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的時候，動詞-ing形式不做任何變動。如：We are listening to him speaking at the meeting. He is being listened to speaking at the meeting (by us).特殊句子的被動語態(tài) （1）主動語態(tài)中若有名詞、形容詞作賓語補足語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，原來的賓語補足語位置不變，但句子成分變了，即變成了主語補足語。例如：We call the boy Tom.The boy is called T

5、om.(by us) We are making our school beautiful.Our school is being made beautiful(by us).(2)許多不及物動詞加介詞或副詞后構成動詞短語，相當于及物動詞。在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的時候，不可把動詞短語分開，也不可漏掉動詞短語中的介詞或副詞。 列如: 特殊句子的被動語態(tài) a. He always takes care of his sister. His sister is always taken care of (by him).b. She turned off the radio. The radio was t

6、urned off (by her).特殊句子的被動語態(tài)（3）含that 的賓語從句的主動語態(tài)復合句變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，通常使用“It + be + said+ 原賓語從句”結構。例如：a. They say they will go there.他們說他們要去那兒。It is said that they will go there.據(jù)說他們要去那兒。b. He said he was much better.他說他好多了。 It was said that he was much better. 據(jù)說他好多了。主動形式表被動意義 在英語中，有些情況下我們只能使用動詞的主動語態(tài)形式來表達被動的意

7、義。這種情況主要有以下幾種： 動詞need, want以及短語be(well)worth 等后常接動名詞，以主動結構表示被動含義。例如： 主動形式表被動意義a. The room needs cleaning.這屋子需要清掃。b. My coat wants washing. 我的外衣需要洗一下。 c. The piece of music is worth listening to.這首曲子值得一聽。注意:動詞need, want后接動名詞表被動含義，且句子的主語為物時，后面的動名詞相當于動詞不定式的被動結構 。如：My coat wants washing. My coat wants t

8、o be washed.(2) “have(has) + 名詞（代詞）+ 及物動詞的過去分詞”意思是“請某人做某事”，短語中的動詞 have(has)在這里含有“使；讓”等意思，即用主動形式表示被動意義。例如：a. Ill have my hair cut this evening. 今天晚上我要理發(fā)。 b. I have had my clothes washed.我已經(jīng)找人把我的衣服洗了。主動形式表被動意義(3）在由系動詞look, feel, smell, taste, sound, get, turn, become, seem, grow等接形容詞作表語的句子中，常用主動形式表示被動意義（即不用被動語態(tài)）。例如;a. The food looks nice but tastes bad.這種食物看起來好看，但吃起來難吃。b. Your plan sounds good.你的計劃聽起來不錯。主動形式表被動意義（4）某些表示主語的質地、自身特征的動詞，如write, wash , sell, read, drive, clean, cook 等，當它們和副詞well或easily連用時，常用主動形式表被動意義。這些動詞在這種情況下，一般用作不及物動詞。例如：a. The shop