高中英語期末復習二

1、期末復習二【要點歸納】【重點句型歸納】1. Once.2. It is certain that.3. so倒裝句4. not only.but also.5. either.or./neither.nor.6. be used to7. have + been + doing8. in order to9. upon10. so that11. it is time【重點語法歸納】1. 名詞性從句2. 賓語補足語3. 主謂一致4. 直接引語和間接引語5. 情態(tài)動詞6. 被動語態(tài)【重點句型講解】1. Once表示“一旦就”，引導時間狀語從句,表示時間上的兩個動作或兩件事彼此緊接著發(fā)生,同時帶有

2、條件意味。若從句中的主語與主句主語相同,且謂語中含有be時,可以省略從句的主語和be。如: Once you have taken the examination, you will be able to relax. 你一旦考完試就可以輕松一下。Once lose confidence, you can never expect to do your work well.如果你一旦失去信心,就別想做好工作。Once the water begins to boil, the temperature will never rise.一旦水開了,水溫就不會再升高了。Once (it is) fo

3、und, any mistake must be corrected.一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)任何錯誤就必須加以改正。2. It is certain that 一定, 肯定It is certain that we shall succeed. 我們一定會成功。It is certain that things will change事物要變化這是肯定的。It is almost certain that the present government will lose the next election幾乎可以肯定的是現(xiàn)任政府將會在下屆選舉中落選。3. so倒裝句 so+連系動詞（情態(tài)動詞或助動詞）+另一

4、主語 這一句型是主謂倒裝結構，表示另一主語與前面所陳述的某人的動作或情況有著相同的肯定概念，其中so代表了上文句中所陳述的動作或狀態(tài)，表示“也是這樣”，“也是如此”，如：I was at Center School last year. And so was my friend Bob. 我去年是在中心學校學習。我的朋友Bob也是。I study in this school and so does my brother. 我在這所學校學習，我的弟弟也是如此。so+人稱代詞(同一主語)+連系動詞（情態(tài)動詞或助動詞）這種結構中的主謂是正常語序，用以重述前面的動作或情況，以表示說話人對前面或對方所

5、說的情況贊同或證實，語氣較強，如：Youve dropped a word here. Yes, so I have. 你這兒掉了個詞。噢，是的。（You 和I 是一個人。） Tom hopes to become a teacher. So he does. Tom希望當名教師。 他確有此意。（he就是Tom） 4. not only.but also.不僅而且not only.but also.的用法應注意以下六點：not onlybut also 應連接兩個相對稱的并列成分。如： Not only Mr. Lin but also his son joined the Party two

6、 years ago. （連接兩個主語） 不僅是林先生，還有他的兒子都在兩年前加入了共產黨。I not only play tennis but also practise shooting. （連接兩個謂語動詞） 我不僅打網球還練習射擊。He plays not only the piano but also the violin. （連接兩個賓語） 他不僅彈鋼琴還拉小提琴。They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory. （連接兩個地點狀語） 他們不僅在教室里說英語在宿舍里也說。She not only sing

7、s well but also dances beautifully. = She doesnt only sing well but also dances beautifully. 她不僅歌唱得好，舞跳得也優(yōu)美。not onlybut also 連接兩個分句，并且 not only 位于句首時，第一個分句中的主語和謂語要部分倒裝。如： Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat. 太陽不僅給我們光還給了我們熱。Not only did he speak English correctly, but also h

8、e speaks it fluently. 他英語不僅說得準確還說得很流利。Not only is this young man clever but also he is hardworking. 這個年輕人不僅聰明還很用功。not onlybut also 不能用在否定句中。如： 誤： They dont fear not only hardship but also death. 正： They fear neither hardship nor death. 正： They dont fear either hardship or death. 他們不怕困難也不怕死。not onlyb

9、ut also 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞要和與其最近的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。如： Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. / Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan. 不僅是老師反對這個計劃，學生也反對。 not onlybut also 中的 not only 不能分開使用，但 but also 卻可以分開使用。如： The area was not only hit by an unexpected heavy

10、 rain, but some bridges were also washed away. 這個地區(qū)不僅遭受了暴雨的襲擊，一些橋也被沖毀了。not onlybut also 連接兩個并列成分時，可以省略 but 或 also ，也可以把 but also 都省略掉。如： I not only heard it but （ also ） saw it. 我不僅聽到了還看到了。He was not only compelled to stay at home, （ but ） also forbidden to see his friend. 他不僅被強迫呆在家里，還不允許見朋友。She not

11、 only finished the task ahead of time, （ but also ） she came to help us.她不僅提前完成了任務，還來幫助我們。5. either.or./neither.nor. neithernor “既不也不” ，連接主語時，謂語動詞要與離謂語最近的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，同時它要修飾對等成分，它的反義詞是bothand。eitheror“或者或者” ，“要么要么”，連接主語時，謂語的數(shù)由離它最近的主語決定，它也要修飾對等成分。如：Im considering to buy my niece a Christmas present, e

12、ither a dictionary or an encyclopedia.我在考慮給我侄女買一樣圣誕禮物，不是詞典就是百科全書。Either comrade Li or I am to meet them at the station.不是李同志就是我要去車站見他們。You can either stay or leave.你可以要么留在這兒要么離開。Either you are wrong or he is (wrong).要么是你錯了，要么就是他錯了。Neither my father nor I like to watch TV.我父親不喜歡看電視，我也不喜歡。（我父親和我都不喜歡看電

13、視。）She is neither fat nor thin.她既不胖也不瘦。I have neither called nor written to him.我既沒打電話給他也沒寫信給他。I have neither time nor money to travel.我既沒時間也沒錢出去旅行。6. be used toused to do(動詞) 過去曾經做過某事 be used to do 被用來做某事 be used to(介詞) to doing 習慣于做某事 如:Jack used to assist Mary in her lessons. 杰克過去常常幫助瑪麗學習功課。 Wome

14、n used to think they were on the shelf at 30. 過去女人一到30歲就認為是過了結婚年齡。I used to get up early and take an hours walk before breakfast. 我過去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小時。 I used to live in here.我以前住在這里。 Coal is mostly used to produce electricity. 煤主要用來發(fā)電。This kind of wood can be used to make shelves.這種木材可以做書架。Are you

15、used to the food here? 你習慣吃這兒的飯菜嗎？ Im used to reading in the coffee house. 我習慣了在咖啡館里看書。 Im used to it.我習慣它了。 Youll get used to it. 你會習慣的。 He is used to eating out all the time. 他已經習慣在外面吃飯了。 I weigh less than I used to. 我的體重比以前輕了。7. have + been + doing現(xiàn)在完成進行時 形式：have (has)+been+現(xiàn)在分詞，以work為例： 肯定式： I /

16、You/We have been working.He/She/It has been working. 否定式： I/You/We/have not been working.He/She/It/has not been working. 疑問式： Have I/You/We working?Has/he/she/it been working? 用法 現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。現(xiàn)在這個動作可能剛剛終止,也可能仍在進行。I have been sitting here all afternoon. 我在這兒坐了一下午了。 How long has it bee

17、n raining? 雨下了多久了? They have been fighting for independence since 1960s. 他們從60年代以來一直為獨立而斗爭?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別1)現(xiàn)在完成進行時一般強調過去發(fā)生的動作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)。 現(xiàn)在完成時強調過去發(fā)生的動作現(xiàn)在已經完成或表示曾經發(fā)生過。I have been writing an article. 我一直在寫一篇文章。(仍在) I have written an article. 我已寫好一篇文章。(已完成) I have been reading that book since last week.

18、上周以來，我一直在讀那本書。(還在讀) I have read that book before. 以前我曾讀過那本書。(動作在過去曾經發(fā)生過) 2) 現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示剛剛結束的動作，強調動作在不久前持續(xù)進行，帶有感情色彩。 現(xiàn)在完成時表示已經結束的動作，強調動作的結果。Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere. 你到哪里去了?我們到處在找你。(表示剛剛結束的動作) We have looked for him, but havent found him.我們找過他，但沒有找到他。(表示動作已結束，強調動作的結果

19、) 3) 現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示現(xiàn)在以前的這段時間內反復發(fā)生的事情。All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 這些年來，他們一直為我們雜志寫稿。We have been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我們常常見面。8. in order to為了常用來引導目的狀語從句。如：I got up early in order to catch the first bus.我早起為了趕上第一班公共汽車。He works hard in order t

20、o succeed.他為了成功努力工作。in order that也可用來引導目的狀語從句。如：I lent him 5 pounds in order that he might buy the book. 我借給他5英鎊以便讓他買這本書。9. upon當?shù)臅r候, 在后立即?？梢院蚈n替換使用。相當于as soon as。如：Upon/On whose authority are you putting these posters here? 你們得到誰的許可在這兒貼廣告?Upon/On hearing the news, I changed my plans. (= As soon as

21、I heard the news, I changed my plans.)一聽到這個消息，我就改變了計劃。Upon/On seeing him, I ran away.(=As soon as I see him, I ran away.)一看到他我就跑了。10. so thatso that引導目的狀語從句，表示“為的是”，“以便”He spoke at the top of his voice, so that everybody could hear him. 他大聲說話，以便讓每個人聽見他。He got up early so that he could catch the firs

22、t bus. 他早早地起床為的是趕首班車。一般來說，so that 引導目的狀語從句，, 但也可以引導表示結果的狀語從句，表示“以至于”。如：They hurried me so that I forgot to bring my key. 他們催我致使我忘了帶鑰匙。They missed the bus so that they were late for class.他們錯過了公共汽車以至于上課遲到了。In his fury he threw the stone stables upon the ground so that they were broken. 他大怒之下，便把那些石匾扔到

23、地上，摔破了。11. it is time表示“該是的時候了”。結構通常哪個有三種：Its time to do sth. 做某事的時間到了Its time for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事的時間到了It is time (about time, high time) that . 該句型中that 后的從句應該用虛擬語氣,值得注意的是常用過去時態(tài)表示虛擬有時也用should + 動詞原形，should不能省。常譯為“是（正是）的時侯”。 如：It is time to go to school. 上學的時間到了。It is time for you to go to scho

24、ol.你上學的時間到了。It is time to say goodbye.再見的時間到了。It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed.孩子睡覺的時間到了?！菊Z法專項講解】名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等。名詞性從句：包括主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。引導名詞性從句的連詞有：who; whom; whose; what; which;

25、when;where; why ;how; that; if ;whether; whatever; whenever; wherever; however 等。名詞性從句注意事項：從句的語序為陳述句；連詞that不充當任何成分；what總是要充當主語、表語、賓語等。If和whether 的區(qū)別：if引導賓語從句和條件狀語從句；whether引導主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。一、主語從句：用作主語的從句，叫主語從句。主語從句可以直接放在句首；也可用it作形式主語，而將從句放在句末。常見的用it作形式主語的復合結構：It is +名詞that 從句；It is+形容詞that從句；I

26、t is +過去分詞that 從句； It +不及物動詞that 從句；What you need is more practice.(what在從句中作need的賓語)你所需要的就是多鍛煉.What is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.（ what在從句中作主語）一個人想一輩子只做好事從不做壞事是很難的。What he will be in the future is known to us.（what在從句中作be的表語）他將來會是什么樣我們是知道的。Who will go makes no diffe

27、rence. 誰去都一樣，沒啥區(qū)別。How this happened is not clear. 這是怎么發(fā)生的還不清楚。Why he did that wasnt quite clear. 他為什么那樣做不是太清楚。Whether she will join us wont make too much difference. (此處不能用if)她是否加入我們是沒什么區(qū)別的。Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever 在名詞性從句中相當于anyone who )任何人來都歡迎。Whatever she did was right.（whatever在名詞性

28、從句中相當于anything that）不管她做什么都是對的。It is possible that I may not be able to come.（it是形式主語，真正的主語是劃線部分）我有可能來不了。二、表語從句：用作表語的從句叫表語從句。它位于連系動詞（如be，seem，remain等后）The question is whether we should accept their invitation.問題是我們是否應該接受他們的邀請。The city is no longer what it used to be. 這個城市不再是以前那個樣子了。This is why we pu

29、t off the meeting. （why表結果）這就是為什么我們推遲會議的原因了。That is because he was ill. (because表原因) 那是因為他病了。The reason for his absence was that he was ill. (此處不能用because代替that. 句型：The reasonis that)他缺席的原因是他生病了。As if 引導的表語從句有時可用虛擬語氣，表示可能性小。He acted as if he hadnt eaten for a long time.他表現(xiàn)就好像他沒有吃那么長時間似的。表示建議，命令，要求一類

30、的表語從句要用虛擬語氣：My suggestion is that you should practise reading English every day.我的建議就是你應該每天練習讀英語。三、賓語從句：作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。1、作動詞的賓語： He doesnt know where the post office is.他不知道郵局在哪兒。在動詞suggest, order, demand, require等表示建議、命令、要求的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣 (賓語從句的謂語用should+動詞原形，should可省略。)I suggested that you (should)start

31、right now.我建議你應該馬上開始。如果賓語從句后有賓語補足語，要用形式賓語it,而將從句放到補足語后面。I thought it strange that he didnt pass the exam.我認為他沒通過考試很不可思議。在think, believe, suppose, expect等在前否定動詞后的賓語從句中，如果從句謂語是否定含義，則不用否定形式，而將主句謂語動詞think等變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。I dont think you are right. 我想你是不對的。在think, believe, imagine,suppose,guess,hope等動詞以及Im afrai

32、d等后，可用so代替一個肯定的賓語從句，還可用not代替一個否定的賓語從句：Do you believe it will clear up? I believe so. (I dont believe so. / I believe not.)你相信天會轉晴嗎？我相信會的。2、作介詞的賓語:Did she say anything about how we should do the work?他講了我們應該怎樣做這個工作了嗎？that 引導的賓語從句只有在except, in, but, besides 等少數(shù)介詞后偶爾可能用到。Your article is good except tha

33、t it is too long. 你的文章很好就是太長了。有時在介詞和其賓語從句的中間加形式賓語it. Ill see to it that everything is ready. 我將負責把一切準備好。3、作形容詞的賓語：Im afraid that I have made a mistake. 我恐怕我自己犯了個錯誤。當 if 和whether 引導賓語從句的區(qū)別，即用 whether不用if的情況：a. 作介詞賓語 It depends on whether it is fine. 這取決于天氣是否好。b. Whether +to do Im not sure whether to

34、leave this afternoon. 我不確定下午是否離開。c. Whether or not He cannot decide whether or not take the exam. 他不能決定是否參加考試。d. 作discuss 的賓語 We are discussing whether we will hold a meeting this weekend.我們正在討論這個周末是否開會。e. doubt用于肯定句中，賓語從句可以用if 或whether 引導。I doubt if (whether) you will come for a visit tomorrow.我懷疑你

35、明天是否來參觀。f. doubt用于否定句或疑問句中，賓語從句用 that 引導。He doesnt doubt that his mother will give him a ride home for sure. 他毫不懷疑他媽媽一定會接他回家的。四、同位語從句：同位語從句跟在一個名詞后（如fact, idea, news, hope, belief, thought, dou bt, proof, belief等），對其作進一步解釋。I have no idea that you were here. 我不知道你在這兒。He cant answer the question how he

36、 got the money.他答不出來他是從哪兒弄的錢。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：從意義上講，前者對名詞加以解釋說明，后者對名詞進行修飾限定。從結構上講，前者由連接詞引導，后者由關系詞引導。從內涵上講，前者所說明的名詞與從句沒有邏輯關系，that不可省略。后者所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。當被限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的賓語時，that可省略）The news that they won the match is true. （同位語從句, news和從句沒有邏輯關系, that不可省略）他們贏得比賽的消息是真的。The news that you told us

37、yesterday is true.（定語從句，news是told的邏輯賓語, that可省略）你昨天告訴我們的消息是真的。賓語補足語一、作用：對賓語（的狀態(tài)，特征，動作）進行補充說明。如：The sun keeps us warm. 太陽使我們暖和。I heard him singing. 我聽到他在唱歌。You must get your hair cut. 你必須把頭發(fā)剪了。二、常見的賓補:1、名詞作賓補She found him a very clever boy. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個聰明的男孩。2、形容詞作賓補He had a strange way of making his class

38、 lively and interesting.他有一個奇怪的辦法能使他的課生動有趣。3、副詞作賓補 Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister.上個星期天我看到你和你妹妹在外面。4、介詞短語作賓補To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.令她吃驚的是，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在一個不同的世界里。5、現(xiàn)在分詞I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window.當我經過窗口的時候，我看到他正在做作業(yè)。6、過去分詞I was absent-min

39、ded when I heard my name called.當我聽到被叫的時候正心不在焉呢。7、不定式作賓補1) to doThe villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.村民們不允許他們在那兒建工廠。2) 省略 to 的不定式We saw the car stop. 我們看見車停了。I made him change his mind. 我使他改變了他的主意。被動語態(tài):The car was seen to stop. 車被看到停了下來。He was made to change his mind. 他被迫改變了主意。感

40、官動詞:see watch notice look at observe feel hear listen to使役動詞: make let have 一感二聽三讓四觀看一感：feel二聽：hear, listen to三讓：let, have, make四觀看：observe, see, watch, look at 8、從句作賓補We will make our hometown what your hometown is now.我們將會把我們的家鄉(xiāng)建設成你們家鄉(xiāng)現(xiàn)在的樣子。9、注意: it 做形式賓語結構：主+謂語+ it +賓補+真正賓語I found it pleasant to

41、be with your family. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)和你們家人在一塊很開心。We think it our duty that we should help the poor.我們認為幫助窮人是我們的義務。主謂一致英語中主語的單復數(shù)直接影響謂語的單復數(shù)，很難分清，現(xiàn)陳述如下。一、謂語只能用單數(shù)的情況:1、學科和某些專有名詞。如：physics，politics，history；the United States等。I think politics is very hard. 我認為政治很難。The United States was very small once upon a time. 美國以

42、前很小。2、Eachand each；everyand every；no+單數(shù)名詞；more than one（不止一個），但each作復數(shù)主語的同位語時，謂語用復數(shù)。Each boy and each girl goes to school every day.每個男孩子和每個女孩子天天都去上學。These children each have an apple. 這些孩子每人有一個蘋果。3、不定式、動名詞、從句做主語。To study hard is our duty. 努力學習是我們的任務。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看書對你的眼睛有

43、害。Why he dislikes her is very clear. 為什么他不喜歡她是很清楚的。二、謂語遵循兩個原則1、就近原則：There be；or；eitheror；neithernor；not onlybut (also)即由距謂語最近的名詞、代詞確定謂語的單復數(shù)。Not only he but also I am bright. 不僅他聰明我也聰明。Neither Tom nor you were late. 他沒遲到你也沒遲到。2、就前原則：主謂后有as well as，besides，except，with遵守該原則。即由該組詞前面的名詞、代詞確定謂語的單復數(shù)。These

44、students besides Lucy have done their homework.這些學生，包括露西，都已經完成了作業(yè)。三、分類討論1、有關population；population of做主語，謂語用單數(shù)；分數(shù)（百分數(shù)）of population做主語，謂語用復數(shù)。Population of the earth is increasing. 地球上的人口在增加。Eleven percent of the population of the USA are black.美國百分之十一的人是黑人。2、（a）part of；分數(shù)（百分數(shù)）of做主語，由of后名詞單復數(shù)決定謂語單復數(shù)。T

45、wo thirds of these jobs have been done. 三分之二的工作已經完成了。A part of the passage has been read. 一半的文章已經看完了。3、who，what，which做主語或引導的從句做主語，謂語據其意義決定。What we need is a teacher. 我們所需要的就是一位老師。Who are singing? Some students of Class 2. 誰在唱歌？一些二班的學生。Who is dancing？Li Ming is. 誰在跳舞？ 李明。4、定語從句中，關系代詞做主語，謂語與先行詞一致。The

46、girl who is singing comes from Japan.（先行詞the girl分別決定從句和主句謂語）正在唱歌的女孩來自日本。These boys who are playing basketball know our teacher.那些正在打籃球的男孩子們認識我們老師。5、表示“時間、重量、長度、價值”的復數(shù)名詞；集合名詞如：public，family，team，group，class.若當作整體看，謂語用單數(shù)；若當個體看，謂語用復數(shù)。Sixty years is a long time. 六十年是段漫長的時間。One thousand kilos of meat is

47、 very heavy. 一千公斤的肉是很重的。His family is small. 他家很小。His family are all music lovers. 他一家人都是音樂愛好者。6、and連接名詞時：若兩個名詞單數(shù)指兩或兩個以上的人、物、概念，謂語用復數(shù)。以下幾種情況謂語用單數(shù)：and連接兩種不同物質做主語，該物質被看作混合體；and連接兩個單數(shù)名詞，若指同一人、物、概念；and連接的兩個部件組成的一副用具做主語。The doctor and the teacher are swimming.（這位醫(yī)生和這位老師）醫(yī)生和教師正在游泳。The doctor and teacher i

48、s swimming.（醫(yī)生兼老師，指同一人）這個醫(yī)生、教師正在游泳。7、(a)pair(suit)of后接名詞時，由pair，suit的單復數(shù)決定謂語單復數(shù)。The suit of clothes is mine. 這套衣服是我的。These pairs of trousers are Lilys. 這幾條褲子是麗莉的。8、 the+形容詞（rich，poor）表一類人，謂語用復數(shù)。The young are useful to build our country. 年輕人對建設我們的國家非常有用。直接引語和間接引語引述或轉述別人的話稱為“引語”。直接引用別人的原話，用引號標出，叫做直接引語

49、；用自己的語言轉述別人的話，不需要引號這叫做間接引語，實際上間接引語大都是賓語從句，其中由祈使句轉換的間接引語除外，其轉換后是不定式。那么直接引語為陳述句、一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和祈使句，轉換為間接引語時，句子的結構，人稱、時態(tài)、時間狀語和地點狀語等都要有變化，如何變化呢? 一、人稱的轉變1、直接引語中的第一人稱，一般轉換為第三人稱，如： He said，“I am very sorry. ” He said that he was very sorry. 2、直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對轉述人說的，轉換為第一人稱，如： “You should be more careful next

50、 time, ”my father told me. My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3、直接引語中的第二人稱，如果原話是針對第三人稱說的，轉換成第三人稱。如： She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight. ” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 4、人稱的轉換包括人稱代詞、物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞等，如： He asked me, “Will

51、 you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 總之，人稱的轉換不是固定的，具體情況，具體對待，要符合邏輯。 二、時態(tài)的轉換直接引語改為間接引語時，主句中的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句(即間接引語部分)的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作相應的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài)(實際也是賓語從句的時態(tài)要求)，變化如下： 一般現(xiàn)在

52、時 一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時 一般將來時 過去將來時 一般過去時 過去完成時 過去完成時 不變 過去進行時 不變如： “I am very glad to visit your school”, she said. She said she was very glad to visit our school. Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ” Tom said that they were listening to the pop music. Mother asked, “Have you fin

53、ished your homework before you watch TV?” Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus. “Why did she refuse to go there?” the te

54、acher asked. The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday. ” Tom said that they were h

55、aving a football match that time the day before. He said，“I havent heard from my parents these days. ” He said that he hadnt heard from his parents those days. 三、時間狀語、地點狀語及某些對比性的指示代詞和動詞變化地點狀語：here there 動詞：come go bring take 如： She said, “I wont go there any more. ” She said she wouldnt come here an

56、y more. He said, “This will be finished tomorrow. ” He said that would be finished the next day. Paul said, “I visited China last year. ” Paul said he had visited China the year before. 四、直接引語變成間接引語時，從句時態(tài)無須改變1、當主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時的時候，如： He always says, “I am tired out. ” He always says that he is tired ou

57、t. 2、當主句的謂語動詞是將來時的時候，如： He will say, “Ill try my best to help you. ” He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3、當直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時間狀語時，如： He said, “I went to college in 1994. ” He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4、當直接引語中有以when, while引導的從句，表示過去的時間時，如： He said，“When I was a child, I usu

58、ally played football after school. ” He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 5、當直接引語是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ” Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 6、當引語是諺語、格言時，如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.

59、 ” He said that practice makes perfect. 7、當直接引語中有情態(tài)動詞should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need時，如： The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water. ” The doctor said Id better drink plenty of water. He said, “She must be a teacher. ” He said that she mu

60、st be a teacher. He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now. ” He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then. The teacher said, “You neednt hand in your compositions today. ” The teacher said we neednt/didnt need to/didnt have to hand in our compositions. She asked, “Must I ta