英語語法非謂語動(dòng)詞之分詞

1、指出下列分詞在句中充當(dāng)什么成分1. a running man, a walking boy, developing countries, developed countries, falling leaves, fallen leaves 2. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I often heard the song sung by her.3. The programme for the weekend looks exciting. I am very excited about it. 4. Seeing his mother,

2、 the baby stopped crying. Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.狀賓補(bǔ)表定主 動(dòng)被 動(dòng)一般式完成式語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done過去分詞只有一種形式，即_done1. 分詞作定語1). The building _ (正在建的) now is for the teachers.The building _ (去年建好了的) last year is for the teachers.The building _ (明年將建的) next year

3、 is for the teachers.2). I have never seen a more _ (感人的) movie. being builtbuiltto be builtmoving考點(diǎn)一：分詞的功能3). _ (沸騰的水) water; _ (燒開過的水) water _ (正在下落的葉子) leaves; _ (已經(jīng)落下的葉子) leaves小結(jié)：當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用_；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用_；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成時(shí)，用_；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表將來時(shí)，用_；不及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞表示_，

4、過去分詞表示_。boilingboiledfallingfallendoingbeing donedoneto be done正在進(jìn)行已經(jīng)完成題組訓(xùn)練：Do you know the boy _ (lie) under the big tree?Many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth, _ (believe) to be flat.The speech which he made _ (concern) the football match bored a lot of fans to death.If th

5、e building project _ (complete) by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined. lyingbelievedconcerningto be completed2. 分詞作表語1). This is a most _ story and we all feel _ by it (move). 2). He proves to be a _ boy and his parents are both _ with him. (disappoint)3). His _

6、 (excite) look on his face suggested that he won the game.小結(jié)：分詞作表語表主語特征或性質(zhì)相當(dāng)于形容詞，現(xiàn)在分詞作表語主語多為_，意思是_；過去分詞作表語主語多為_，意思是_。movingmoveddisappointingdisappointedexcited物令人的人或表情感到的3. 分詞作賓補(bǔ)1). I heard her _ (sing) an English song just now. I heard her _ (sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterd

7、ay. I heard an English song _ (sing) by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday. I often heard the English song _ (sing) by the little girl. singsingingbeing sungsung小結(jié)1)：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表_；過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表_或_；不定式作賓補(bǔ)表_；表被動(dòng)且正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用_作賓補(bǔ)。主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行被動(dòng)，完成沒有一定的時(shí)間性主動(dòng)，完成being done2). I looked down at my neck and fo

8、und my necklace _ (go). I was surprised to find my hometown _ (change) so much. 小結(jié)2)：不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，只表_或_。gonechanged狀態(tài)完成3）I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （2007全國卷I）A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burntAfter a knock at the door, the child heard his mot

9、hers voice _ him. （2007上海卷）A. calling B. called C. being called D. to callAA小結(jié)3）：能跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的常見動(dòng)詞有：“三讓、三看、兩聽、一注意、一發(fā)現(xiàn)、一感覺”。三讓: _; 三看: _;兩聽: _;一注意: _;一發(fā)現(xiàn): _;一感覺: _。have, keep, leave look at, see, watch hear, listen to noticefind feel 題組訓(xùn)練;At the moment I saw him _ (cross) the road.I was glad to see t

10、he children well _ (take) care of.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ (smoke) in the kitchen. crossing takensmoking 4. 分詞作狀語1. 作時(shí)間狀語 -ing短語作時(shí)間狀語要置于句首。1）When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. = (When) _ the bad news, they couldnt help crying.2)After I had received his l

11、etter, I decided to write back. = _ his letter, I decided to write back. HearingHaving received2. 作原因狀語-ing短語作原因狀語置于句首。1)Because he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. = _so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. 2)Because (As) he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week. = _the Great

12、Wall many times, he didnt go last week. BeingHaving been to3. 作條件狀語-ing作條件狀語置于句首或句末。如：1)If you work hard, you will succeed. =_, you will succeed. 2)If they had been given more attention, the trees could have grown better. =_, the trees could have grown better.Working hardBeing given more attention4.

13、 作讓步狀語 -ing短語作讓步狀語，可置于句首或 句末，常與even if, though 連用。如：Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. = _ from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food.Though working_(盡管被告知了很多遍), the naughty boy made the same mistake. Having been told many times 5. 作伴隨狀語置于句首或

14、句末。如：They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. = They came into the classroom, _. singing and laughingWhen working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.=When he worked in the factory, he was an advanced worker.注意：1. -ing短語與when, while, though, until, if等連詞連用時(shí)，相當(dāng)于這些連詞引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)從句。如：2. 動(dòng)詞-i

15、ng形式在句中作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語與主句的主語保持一致。如： 聽到這個(gè)消息，她的眼淚嘩嘩流下來 _, tears ran down her face. _, she cried out sadly.When she heard the newsHearing the news Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.天氣好的話，我們下周舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。1). Hearing the bad news, they co

16、uldnt help crying. 表（ ）_, they couldnt help crying. Seen from the space, the earth looks blue. =_, the earth looks blue. When they heard the bad news When it is seen from the space時(shí)間2). Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. 表（ ）=_, he couldnt go to sleep. Deeply moved by the story, the children be

17、gan to cry.=_, the children began to cry. 原因Because he was so angryAs they were deeply moved by the story3). Working hard, you will succeed. 表（ ）=_, you will succeed.Given another chance, I will do it better.=_, I will do it better.條件If you work hardIf I am given another chance4). Though working fro

18、m morning till night, his father didnt get enough food. 表（ ）=_, his father didnt get enough food.Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.=_, he refused to let out the secret. 讓步Though his father worked from morning till nightAlthough he was beaten by the enemy5). They came into the cla

19、ssroom, singing and laughing. 表（ ）= They came into the classroom, _.She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.=She walked out of the house, _.伴隨and they sang and laughedand was followed by her little daughter6). The bus was held up by the snowstorm, causing the delay. 表（ ）= The bu

20、s was held up by the snowstorm, _. 小結(jié)：分詞作狀語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)對應(yīng)的_，可以表時(shí)間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、讓步、伴隨等。分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須與_一致。結(jié)果so it caused the delay狀語從句句子的主語_ (repair), the road cant be taken._ (hear) the encouraging news, she couldnt help dancing._ (not receive) his reply, she decided to write another letter. _ (warn) many time

21、s, he didnt dare to go out alone at night._ (keep) in refrigerator, vegetables will remain fresh.考點(diǎn)二: 分詞作狀語形式的選擇Being repaired Hearing Not having receivedHaving been warned Kept 小結(jié)：分詞的五種形式作狀語，用法各不相同。與句中主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，且與句中謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用_；與句中主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，用_；與句中主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，沒有一定的時(shí)間性，用_； 與句中主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且與謂語

22、動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，用_；與句中主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生，用_。doing having done done being donehaving been done題組訓(xùn)練_ many times, she still cant remember it. A. Had told B. Having been told C. Having told D. Being told_ full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.We did not make B. Having not made C. We

23、 had not made D. Not having madeB D Written in a hurry, _.Peter made many mistakes in the paper B. there are many mistakes in the paperC. we found some mistakes in the paper D. the paper is full of mistakes D Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a recorder US$57.65 a ba

24、rrel on April 4.（2005山東卷） A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching_the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (2004廣東卷)A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completedB C 必背短語:Generally speaking 一般說來Frankly speaking 坦白地說Judging fr

25、om/by 根據(jù)來判斷Considering/takinginto consideration 考慮到 Supposing 假使, 如果Seeing 考慮到 Providing 如果Saving 除了,除非 Assuming 假使 Admitting 雖說,即使 Given 如果Provided that 如果Compared to/with 與相比考點(diǎn)三：獨(dú)立成分作狀語題組訓(xùn)練_ (judge) from previous experience, he will be late. _ (judge) by the local official, this group ranked first

26、. _ (take) his health into consideration, he has to be sent to hospital at once. His health _ (take) into consideration, he has to be sent to hospital at once.Judging Judged Taking taken 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 考點(diǎn)四： 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格的名詞或代詞（作為邏輯主語）加上一個(gè)分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式或介詞短語，其作用相當(dāng)于狀語從句，多用來表示行為方式或者伴隨情況，有時(shí)也用來表示時(shí)間、原因和條件。這種結(jié)構(gòu)多用于書

27、面語中。1表示時(shí)間：_(春天來了), the trees turned green. _（會(huì)議結(jié)束了）, we left the room.Spring coming onThe meeting (being) over2表示原因： _（是星期天）, the library was closed._（沒有車?yán)玻? we had to walk home. 3表示條件：_（時(shí)間允許的話）, well visit the Summer Palace. It being SundayThere being no busesTime permitting4表示伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明：The childre

28、n were making a snowman, _( 手通紅)with the cold. I have bought a new coat , _（舊的破啦）. hands redthe old one being worn out獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式： 名詞或代詞+分詞（doingdone)1)._( 天氣許可的話),well go sightseeing.2)._(綜合考慮),her paper is of greater value than yours.Weather permittingAll things considered獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：名詞或代詞+不定式_（明天要進(jìn)行考

29、試）,I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.不定式在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中多表示將來的行為，表示“企圖” “約定”等，指的是按計(jì)劃安排要做的事。The exam to be held tomorrow 名詞或代詞+形容詞副詞 1).He entered the room, _(鼻子因?yàn)槔涠鴥龅猛t). 2)._(課程結(jié)束啦),we went to play football. his nose(being) red with coldOur lessons (being )over名詞或代詞+介詞短語1).The children came running toward

30、s us,_（手里拿著花）.2).Last night I followed him here,and climbed in,_（劍在手）. with flowers in their handssword in hand= with a sword in my hand名詞或代詞+名詞He fought against the robber , _(拐杖是唯一的武器) 表示存在時(shí)，也可以構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1)._（沒有理由害怕）,he returned to his hometown.a stick his only weapon.There being no cause for fear1w

31、ith + 名詞（或代詞）+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes.2with + 名詞（或代詞）+ 過去分詞 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. With the work finished, all of us went out for a walk. 介詞+復(fù)合賓語（介詞+賓語+賓補(bǔ)） with (without like) 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)3with + 名詞（或代詞）+ 動(dòng)詞不定

32、式 I cant go out with all these dishes to wash. With so many books to read, I couldnt go out with you4with + 名詞（或代詞）+ 介詞短語 He walked along with his hat on the back of his head. He simply stared at her with that peculiar expression on his face. 5with +名詞（或代詞）+形容詞 The man was sleeping with the window o

33、pen.The mother doesnt allow her child to talk with his mouth full. 6with +名詞（或代詞）+副詞 With John away, weve got more room. The student listened to his teacher with his head down. With the teacher there, he cant write. without like +復(fù)合賓語 Without a word more spoken,he left the room. The old pine tree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance