高中英語人教版選修7課件：Unit1 Period 3 Grammar

1、 Unit1 Grammar The Usage of Infinitives 231、了解不定式的形式。2、掌握不定式的句法功能。3、了解不定式的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。 本課首先讓學(xué)生了解動詞不定式的三大語法現(xiàn)象：形式，句法功能和特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。先讓學(xué)生閱讀五個句子，這五個句子都是來源于本單元的課文，并讓他們說出這些句子中的同類結(jié)構(gòu)的特點，以此引出本課的主題。在講解動詞不定式時，運用調(diào)理，分類，對比動等手段，讓枯燥的語法變得簡單易學(xué)，并且在練中學(xué)，在學(xué)中練。Find the characters of the red parts1. She is proud to have taken part in com

2、petitions and to have broken a record by running two laps this year.2. He hopes to become a teacher.3. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.4. To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile.5. It would be handy to have lifts to

3、 all parts of the 不定式有兩種形式，一種是帶to的不定式，一種是不帶to的不定式。 無人稱和數(shù)的變化； 不能做句子的謂語，但它具有動詞的某些特征，如可以帶有自己的賓語、狀語等。010203不定式的形式不定式的句法功能不定式的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)1、不定式的形式時態(tài)形式 語態(tài)形式主 動 式被 動 式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done進行式to be doing 注意：否定形式是在不定式符號to前加not(1) 不定式的一般式 表示的動作通常時間性不強，與謂語動詞表示的動作沒有時間先后順序。 Im pleased to see

4、 you here. 很高興在這里見到你。(2)不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，強調(diào)動詞的先后順序。 Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 真對不起讓你等了這么長時間。(3)不定式的進行式 表示動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時進行。 Mary seems to be thinking deeply. 瑪麗似乎在沉思。(4)不定式的被動形式 當動詞不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，一般要用其被動形式。 The radio needs to be repaired. 收音機需要修理。2.不定式的句法功能 不定式相當于名詞、形容詞

5、、副詞，因此在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、補足語、定語和狀語等。(1)作主語=名詞/代詞 To live in China is my dream. 住在中國是我的夢想。(2)作賓語 做某些動詞的賓語，比如want, hope, wish, decide, promise, agree, pretend, demand, desire等； 介詞+“疑問詞+不定式” She promised to come at 9 oclock. 她答應(yīng)九點來。 Were talking about how to overcome the present difficulties. 我們正在討論如何克服當前的困

6、難。特別提示常見只接不定式作賓語的動詞有：afford, agree, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, fail, hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish(3)作表語 可以表示主語的具體內(nèi)容、目的等。 My wish is to have a job in an office. 我的愿望是有一份在辦公室里的工作。(4)作補足語 結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞+賓語+不定式帶to的賓語補足語有些動詞如ask, want, wish, o

7、rder, tell, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等常用帶to的不定式作補語We all expect you to come this weekend.我們都期望你本周末來。不帶to的賓語補足語 有些感官動詞(如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, look at, listen to)和使役動詞(如make, let, have)常用省略to的不定式作補語。 Did you see anyone enter the house? 你看見有人進過這個房子嗎？ I will have

8、 all my friends come over. 我要讓所有的朋友都來。(5)作定語 不定式作定語可以用來修飾人和物，一般放在被修飾詞的后面。一般當中心詞為序數(shù)詞、最高級、the last、the only等或中心詞被這類詞修飾時多用動詞不定式作定語。 He was the first guest to arrive. I am the only man to hear the news.(6)作狀語作原因狀語結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be+adj.+to do(形容詞多為表示情緒或狀態(tài)的形容詞) I am sorry to hear you were ill.作目的狀語不定式可以單獨作目的狀語，有時為

9、了突出和強調(diào)目的性，在不定式前可以加in order, so as。She raised her voice so as to make herself heard.In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.作結(jié)果狀語不定式表示結(jié)果，常用在too.to, enough.to, so/such. as to結(jié)構(gòu)中。有時可表示出人意料的結(jié)果，這時不定式前可加only，以加強語氣。 The child is old enough to dress himself. 這孩子這么大了，可以自己穿衣服了。 We hurried to the statio

10、n only to be told that the train had left. 我們急匆匆趕到車站，結(jié)果被告知火車已經(jīng)開走了。作評論性狀語to be honest, to tell the truth, to cut a long story short, to put it another way3.不定式的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)主動表被動 I have a lot of work to do.(2) It is+adj.+for sb. to do It is difficult for you to solve the problem.(3) It is+adj.+of sb. to do

11、 。形容詞描述的是的性質(zhì)/身份/特征, 此類形容詞常見的有kind, nice, good, polite, rude, patient, careful, clever, selfish等 It was kind of you to help us.EXERCISE1. - Youve done very well this time.- Its really kind _.A. for you to say so B. for you saying soC. of you to say so D. of you saying so2. It is better to lose ones l

12、ife than _.A. if you lose your spiritB. losing his spiritC. to lose ones spiritD. your spirit getting lost CC3. I cant work in this way.- Why not _ it in some other way?A. try to do B. try doingC. trying to do D. trying doing4. Since you find it difficult _ a decision, youd better _a discussion with

13、 your parents.A. reach; have B. reaching; haveC. reach; having D. to reach; haveBD5. My father hates _. He never allows me _.A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; smokingC. smoke; smokingD. smoking; to smoke6. The girl was beginning _.A. get angry B. to get angryC. getting angry D. angryAB句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.It is imp

14、ossible that a child can lift a heavy box.It is impossible for a child _ a heavy box.2.It happened that you had known each other.You happened _ each other.3. The boss made the workers work all night.The workers were made _ all night.4. The progress which will be made soon is important.The progress _ is important.to li