電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語Unit1

1、電子與通信技術(shù)專業(yè)英語（第4版）English on Electronic and Telecommunication TechnologyBasic Knowledge of Electronics 本章的內(nèi)容全部是學(xué)生熟悉的電子技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，如對(duì)電子元器件的一般介紹，電流和電壓的引入，對(duì)電阻、電容、電感、二極管和三極管的具體分析，對(duì)直流電和交流電、電路圖和方框圖的介紹等。目的是將學(xué)生過去已有的普通英語和專業(yè)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)有機(jī)地結(jié)合，在理解的基礎(chǔ)上記憶工程英語常用表達(dá)方式、典型句型和專業(yè)術(shù)語，建立工程英語概念，為掌握用英語表達(dá)自己的專業(yè)知識(shí)與技術(shù)，為順利地深入學(xué)習(xí)電子信息技術(shù)專業(yè)英語打下基礎(chǔ)

2、。TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary Unit1PART1 There are a large number of symbols which represent an equally large range of electronic components. It is important that you can recognize the more common components and understand what they actually do. A number of these components are dr

3、awn below and it is interesting to note that often there is more than one symbol representing the same type of component. Lesson 1 Knowing the Electronic ComponentsTextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART2Lesson 1 Knowing the Electronic ComponentsTextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVoca

4、bulary Resistors Resistors restrict the flow of electric current, for example, a resistor is placed in series with a light-emitting diode(LED) to limit the current passing through the LED. Fig.1-1 shows resistor example and circuit symbol. Resistors may be connected either way round. They are not da

5、maged by heat when soldering.PART3 Capacitors Capacitors store electric charge. They are often used in filter circuits because capacitors easily pass AC(changing) signals but they block DC (constant) signals. Fig.1-2 shows capacitor examples and circuit symbolTextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVoc

6、abulary Lesson 1 Knowing the Electronic ComponentsPART4TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary Lesson 1 Knowing the Electronic ComponentsInductor An inductor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field. An inductor is a coil of wire with many windings

7、, often wound around a core made of a magnetic material, like iron. Fig.1-3 shows inductor examples and circuit symbol.PART5TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary Lesson 1 Knowing the Electronic ComponentsDiodes Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circui

8、t symbol shows the direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early diodes were actually called valves. Fig.1-4 shows diode examples and circuit symbol.PART6TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary Lesson 1 Knowing the Electronic ComponentsTransi

9、stors There are two types of standard transistors, NPN and PNP, with different circuit symbols. The letters refer to the layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor. Fig.1-5 shows transistors examples and circuit symbols. PART7TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary Lesson 1

10、 Knowing the Electronic ComponentsPART8TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary Lesson 1 Knowing the Electronic ComponentsPART9TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary Lesson 1 Knowing the Electronic ComponentsPART10New words and phrases:TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary

11、Notes:1.There are a large number of symbols which represent an equally large range of electronic components.譯文：這些符號(hào)代表了絕大多數(shù)電子元件。2.It is important that you can recognize the more common components and understand what they actually do.譯文：能夠識(shí)別越多的普通元件以及了解它們的實(shí)際用途是很重要的。3.A number of these components are dr

12、awn below and it is interesting to note that often there is more than one symbol representing the same type of component.譯文：下面畫出了許多電子元件，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象：經(jīng)常會(huì)有不止一個(gè)符號(hào)可以代表相同類型的元件。4.They are complex circuits which have been etched onto tiny chips of semiconductor(silicon). The chip is packaged in a plastic ho

13、lder with pins spaced on a 0.1(2.54mm) grid which will fit the holes on stripboard and breadboards.譯文：它們是固化在微小的半導(dǎo)體（硅）芯片上的復(fù)雜電路。該芯片被封裝在一個(gè)塑料固定物上，引腳間距0.1（2.54mm），這樣的柵格將適合帶形板和面包板的孔距。TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART11Exercises:1. Write T(True) or F(False) beside the following statement

14、s about the text.a. One symbol represents a type of component.b. Resistors are damaged by heat when soldering. c. Capacitors are not often used in filter circuits.d. Both capacitor and inductor are passive electronic component.e. Inductor stores electric charge.f. Diodes allow electricity to flow ei

15、ther one direction.g. Diodes also are called valves.h. The symbol of NPN and PNP transistors is same.i. ICs are complex circuits which have been etched onto tiny chips of semiconductor.j. LEDs is one type of diodes.TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART12Exercises: 2. Match the followi

16、ng terms to appropriate definition or expression.a. AC1. A tiny chip containing many individual circuits which work together to perform a function.b. DC2. A material that is neither a conductor nor an insulator.c. semiconductor3. The direction of current is constant.d. IC4. A portion of space surrou

17、nding a body in which the forces due to the body can be detected.e. field5. It changes polarity periodically.3. Fill in the missing words according to the text.a. In the common components, may be connected either way round.b. is a passive electronic component that stores electric charge.c. Inductors

18、 store energy in the form of .d. Diodes allow electricity to flow in direction.e. The of the LED is the short lead and there may be a slight flat on the body of round LEDs.TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART13Exercises:4. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.a. Modern adva

19、nces in the fields of computer, control system, communications have a close relationship with electronics.b. The field of electronics includes the electron tube, transistor, integrated circuit and so on.c. Although resistors, capacitors and inductors form important elements in electronic circuit, it

20、 is essential to know something about resistance, capacitance and inductance.d. Electronic technology is developing rapidly in the world. And electronics industry is equipped to make yet another giant step forward.TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART14Next ClassTranslation第1課 認(rèn)識(shí)電子元器件

21、 這些符號(hào)代表了絕大多數(shù)電子元件。能夠識(shí)別更多的普通元件以及了解它們的實(shí)際用途是很重要的。下面畫出了一些電子元件，有趣的是，一種類型的元件，常常可以用多種符號(hào)表示。電阻電阻阻礙電流的流動(dòng)，例如，一個(gè)電阻與一個(gè)發(fā)光二級(jí)管LED串聯(lián)來限制流過LED的電流。圖1-1為電阻實(shí)物圖和電路符號(hào)。電阻可以連接在任一回路中。它們不會(huì)因焊接高溫而損壞。電容電容存儲(chǔ)電荷。因?yàn)殡娙菔菇涣餍盘?hào)容易通過而阻隔直流信號(hào)，所以它們經(jīng)常被用在濾波電路中。圖1-2為電容實(shí)物圖和電路符號(hào)。TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART15Translation第1課 認(rèn)識(shí)

22、電子元器件電感電感是一個(gè)無源電子元件，它以磁場(chǎng)的形式存儲(chǔ)能量。電感是一個(gè)由電線纏繞了許多圈的線圈，經(jīng)常纏繞在像鐵這樣的磁材料的磁芯上。圖1-3為電感實(shí)物圖和電路符號(hào)。二極管二極管允許電流僅從一個(gè)方向流過。電路符號(hào)的箭頭指示了電流能流過的方向。二極管是真空管的電子版，實(shí)際上，早期的二極管就叫真空管。圖1-4為二極管實(shí)物圖和電路符號(hào)。晶體管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的晶體管有兩種類型，NPN型和PNP型，它們的電路符號(hào)不同。字母（N和P）意味著制造晶體管的半導(dǎo)體材料的不同。圖1-5為晶體管實(shí)物圖和電路符號(hào)。TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART16Tra

23、nslation第1課 認(rèn)識(shí)電子元器件集成電路（芯片）集成電路通常被稱為IC或芯片。它們是固化在微小的半導(dǎo)體（硅）芯片上的復(fù)雜電路。該芯片被封裝在一個(gè)塑料固定物上，引腳間距0.1（2.54mm），這樣的柵格適合帶形板和面包板的孔距。在封裝里面用非常纖細(xì)的導(dǎo)線連接芯片的引腳。圖1-6為集成電路實(shí)物圖。發(fā)光二極管（LED）當(dāng)電流流過LED時(shí)，它發(fā)出光。LEDs必須連接正確的回路，電路圖中可以標(biāo)“a”或者“”表示陽極，標(biāo)“k”或者“”表示陰極。陰極是短的引腳并且在LEDs圓形體內(nèi)可能是微小扁平的那端。圖1-7為LED實(shí)物圖和電路符號(hào)。其他的電子元件圖1-8為其他電子元件的實(shí)物圖和電路符號(hào)?？勺冸娮杵?/p>

24、，蜂鳴器（麥克風(fēng)），揚(yáng)聲器，保險(xiǎn)絲，燈泡/燈絲，電動(dòng)機(jī)，螺線管，開關(guān)。TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART17 The flow of electrons through a conductor is called a current. Current flow is represented by the letter symbol I. The basic unit in which current is measured is the ampere (amp). One ampere of current is defin

25、ed as the movement of one coulomb (6.281018 electrons) past any point of a conductor during one second of time. When it is desirable to express a magnitude of current smaller than the ampere, the milliampere (mA) and the microampere (A) units are used. One milliampere is equivalent to one-thousandth

26、 (0.001) of an ampere, and one microampere is equivalent to one-millionth (0.000001) of an ampere. Lesson 2 Current, Voltage and ResistanceTextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART1PART2Lesson 1 Knowing the Electronic ComponentsTextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary The term volt

27、age(represented by the letter symbol V) is commonly used to indicate both a difference in potential and an electromotive force. The unit in which voltage is measured is the volt. One volt is defined as that magnitude of electromotive force required cause a current of one ampere to pass through a con

28、ductor having a resistance of one ohm. A magnitude of voltage less than one volt is expressed in terms of millivolts(mV) or microvolts(V). Larger magnitudes of voltage are expressed in kilovolts(kV). One kilovolt equals one thousand volts. PART3The opposition to current is called electrical resistan

29、ce and is represented by the letter symbol R. The unit of resistance is the ohm, a term that is often expressed by using . One ohm is defined as that amount of resistance that will limit the current in a conductor is one ampere when the voltage applied to the conductor is one volt. Larger amounts of

30、 resistance are commonly expressed in kiloohm (k) and in megohm(M).The relationship between volts, amperes, and ohms can be represented by Ohms Law. Ohms Law states that the ratio of the voltage between the ends of a wire and the current flowing in it is equal to the resistance of the wire. Now we c

31、an say that when a given voltage is applied across the ends of the wire, an electric current always flows along it, and the value of this current depends on the resistance of wire(as shown in Fig.2-1). TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary Lesson 1 Knowing the Electronic ComponentsPART4New

32、 words and phrases:TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART5Notes:1.The flow of electrons through a conductor is called a current. 譯文：通過導(dǎo)體的電子流稱為電流。2.The basic unit in which current is measured is the ampere(amp).譯文：量度電流的基本單位是安培。句中in which current is measured是定語從句，修飾unit。3.to be defined a

33、s“給下定義為”，后可接名詞或賓語從句，如課文中第一段。4.When it is desirable to express a magnitude of current smaller than the ampere, the milliampere(mA) and the microampere(A) units are used.譯文：當(dāng)需要表示比安培小的電流量時(shí)，可用毫安（mA）和微安（A）表示。it是形式主語，不定式to express a magnitude of current smaller than the ampere充當(dāng)真正的主語。TextNew wordNotesExer

34、cisesTranslationVocabulary PART6Notes: 5.One volt is defined as that magnitude of electromotive force required cause a current of one ampere to pass through a conductor having a resistance of one ohm.譯文：使一安培電流流過電阻為一歐姆的導(dǎo)體所需的電動(dòng)勢(shì)定義為一伏特。(1) 過去分詞required，充當(dāng)后置定語，修飾electromotive force；(2) having a resistan

35、ce of one ohm 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，充當(dāng)后置定語，修飾conductor。6.The unit of resistance is the ohm, a term that is often expressed by using .譯文：電阻的單位是歐姆，常用表示。a term為ohm的同位語，其中that is often expressed by using是定語從句，修飾term。7.One ohm is defined as that amount of resistance that will limit the current in a conductor is one am

36、pere when the voltage applied to the conductor is one volt.譯文：一歐姆的定義是，當(dāng)加到導(dǎo)體上的電壓為一伏特時(shí)，將導(dǎo)體中的電流限制為一安培所需的電阻值。that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾amount of resistance，其中when the voltage applied to the conductor is one volt是時(shí)間狀語從句。8.The relationship between volts, amperes, and ohms can be represented by Ohms Law.譯文：伏特、安培和歐姆之間的關(guān)

37、系可用歐姆定理表示。歐姆定理，即：電阻等于電壓除以電流，即：R = U/I（U = IR或I = U/R）。TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART7Exercises:1. Write T(True) or F(False) beside the following statements about the text.a. Current flow is represented by the letter symbol I.b. One milliampere is equivalent to one-thousandth(0.

38、001) of an ampere, and one microampere is equivalent to one-billionth(0.000000001) of an ampere.c. The term voltage is commonly used to indicate a difference in potential but electromotive force is not.d. One kilovolt equals one thousand volts. e. The opposition to current is called electrical resis

39、tance.f. Larger amounts of resistance are commonly expressed in kiloohm(k) and in megohm(M).g. The flow of electrons through a conductor is called a resistance.h. One volt is defined as that magnitude of electromotive force required cause a current of one ampere to pass through a conductor having a

40、resistance of one ohm.TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART8Exercises:2. Match the following terms to appropriate definition or expression.a. current 1. electromotive forceb. amp 2. the relationship between volts, amperes, and ohmsc. voltage 3. the flow of electronsd. ohm 4. the unit

41、of resistancee. Ohms Law 5. the unit in which current is measuredTextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART9Exercises:3. Fill in the missing words according to the text.a. One ampere of current is defined as the movement of coulomb (6.281018 electrons) past any point of a conductor during

42、second of time.b. One milliampere is equivalent to (0.001) of an ampere, and one microampere is equivalent to (0.000001) of an ampere.c. One volt is defined as that magnitude of electromotive force required cause a current of one to pass through a conductor having a of one ohm.d. One ohm is defined

43、as that amount of that will limit the current in a conductor is one ampere when the applied to the conductor is one volt.TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART10Exercises: 4. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. PotentialThe unit for potential difference, or electromotive f

44、orce, is the volt. The abbreviation, or symbol, for this unit is V. Voltage is expressed in volts. Recall that one volt equals the amount of electromotive force (emf) that moves a current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm.Current The unit of measure for current flow is the ampere. The ab

45、breviation, or symbol, for this basic unit of measure is A. Remember that one ampere equals an electron flow of one coulomb per second past a given point.Resistance Resistance is another electrical parameter that two letter: R represents the general term resistance and the Greek letter omega () repr

46、esents the unit of resistance, the ohm. Remember that one ohm equals the resistance that limits the current to one ampere with one volt applied.Conductance Another electrical parameter is conductance. Conductance is the opposite of resistance. The unit of conductance is the siemens (S) named after t

47、he scientist Ernst Siemens. The abbreviation for the general term conductance is G. TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART11Exercises:5. Translate the following sentences into English.a. 電壓的單位是伏特，用符號(hào)V表示。b. 電流的單位是安培，用符號(hào)A表示。c. 伏特的電壓施加在導(dǎo)體上產(chǎn)生了1安培的電流，此時(shí)電阻為1歐姆。d. 歐姆定律表示了電流、電壓、電阻之間的關(guān)系。TextNew

48、 wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary Next ClassPART12Translation第2課 電流、電壓和電阻 通過導(dǎo)體的電子流稱為電流。電流用字母符號(hào)I表示。度量電流的基本單位是安培。一安培電流的定義是：在一秒鐘內(nèi)有一庫倫（6.28108電子）的電量通過導(dǎo)體的任何一點(diǎn)時(shí)電流為一安培。 當(dāng)需要表示比安培小的電流量時(shí)，可用毫安（mA）和微安（A）表示。一毫安等于千分之一安培，一微安等于百萬分之一安培。TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART1Translation第2課 電流、電壓和

49、電阻 電壓這個(gè)術(shù)語（用字母符號(hào)V表示）常用來表示電位差和電動(dòng)勢(shì)。度量電壓的單位是伏特。使一安培電流流過電阻為一歐姆的導(dǎo)體所需的電動(dòng)勢(shì)定義為一伏特。 小于1V的電壓值用毫伏（mV）或微伏（V）表示。較高的電壓值可用千伏（kV）表示。1kV等于1000V。 對(duì)電流的阻力叫作電阻，用字母符號(hào)R表示。電阻的單位是歐姆，常用表示。一歐姆的定義是：當(dāng)加到導(dǎo)體上的電壓為一伏特時(shí)，將導(dǎo)體中的電流限制為一安培所需的電阻值。較大的電阻值常用千歐（k）和兆歐（M）表示。 伏特、安培和歐姆之間的關(guān)系可用歐姆定理表示。歐姆定律描述為：導(dǎo)線兩端電壓與流過導(dǎo)線的電流的比是導(dǎo)線的電阻。現(xiàn)在我們可說，當(dāng)在導(dǎo)線兩端施加一給定電壓

50、時(shí)，導(dǎo)線中總是有電流，電流的值取決于導(dǎo)線的電阻（如圖2-1所示）。TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary Alternating Current(AC) Alternating Current(AC)flows one way, then the other way, continually reversing direction(as shown in Fig.3-1 and Fig.3-2). An AC voltage is continually changing between positive(+)and negative(-

51、). The rate of changing direction is called the frequency of the AC and it is measured in hertz(Hz)which is the number of forwards-backwards cycles per second. An AC supply is suitable for powering some devices such as lamps and heaters but almost all electronic circuits require a steady DC supply.

52、Lesson 3 AC, DC and Electrical SignalsTextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART1PART2Direct Current(DC)Direct Current (DC) always flows in the same direction, but it may increase and decrease. A DC voltage is always positive (or always negative), but it may increase and decrease. Electron

53、ic circuits normally require a steady DC supply which is constant at one value (as shown in Fig.3-3). Cells, batteries and regulated power supplies provide steady DC which is ideal for electronic circuits. Lamps, heaters and motors will work with any DC supply. TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationV

54、ocabulary Lesson 3 AC, DC and Electrical SignalsPART3Properties of Electrical Signals An electrical signal is a voltage or current which conveys information, usually it means a voltage. The term can be used for any voltage or current in a circuit. TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary The

55、voltage-time graph on the Fig.3-4 shows various properties of an electrical signal. In addition to the properties labeled on the graph, there is frequency which is the number of cycles per second. The diagram shows a sine wave but these properties apply to any signal with a constant shape. Amplitude

56、 is the maximum voltage reached by the signal. It is measured in volts, V. Peak voltage is another name for amplitude. Lesson 3 AC, DC and Electrical SignalsPART4TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary Peak-peak voltage is twice the peak voltage(amplitude). When reading an oscilloscope trace

57、, it is usual to measure peak-peak voltage. Time period is the time taken for the signal to complete one cycle. It is measured in seconds(s), but time periods tend to be short, so milliseconds(ms) and microseconds(s) are often used. 1ms=0.001s and 1s=0.000001s. Frequency is the number of cycles per

58、second. It is measured in hertz(Hz), but frequencies tend to be high, so kilohertz(kHz) and megahertz(MHz) are often used. 1kHz=1000Hz and 1MHz=1000000Hz. Frequency=1/ time period and time period= 1/frequency. Another value used is the effective value of AC. This is the value of alternating voltage

59、or current that will have the same effect on a resistance as a comparable value of direct voltage or current will have on the same resistance. Lesson 3 AC, DC and Electrical SignalsPART5New words and phrases:TextNew wordNotesExercisesTranslationVocabulary PART6Notes:1.The rate of changing direction

60、is called the frequency of the AC and it is measured in hertz(Hz) which is the number of forwards-backwards cycles per second. hertz(Hz)：n.赫茲（電學(xué)頻率單位）；赫（茲），每秒周數(shù)頻率單位譯文：這種方向變化的速率稱為交流信號(hào)的頻率，單位是赫茲，它表示一秒內(nèi)周期性變化的次數(shù)?！敬髮憽亢掌潱ǖ聡锢韺W(xué)家）n.赫茲(電學(xué)頻率單位)；【大寫】赫茲(德國物理學(xué)家)cycles per second：每秒循環(huán)數(shù)2.The voltage-time graph on th