2019-2020學(xué)年外研版英語選修7新素養(yǎng)同步Module5SectionⅣGrammar

1、 Section IV Grammar過去分詞 （短語 ）作狀語和動詞短語 （教材P58） （see） from above, the old town is a maze of canals, little bridges andtiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in.答案： Seen （教材P58） They sit in small circles in the square, with their babies on their backs, completely（interest） in the tourists!答案： unin

2、terested （教材P59） （pass） from father to son, the music has not changed for eightcenturies, and among the richer Naxi people, knowledge of this music showed that you were a real gentleman.答案： Passed （教材P63）If you come a good book on Yunnan when you re in the bookshop, can you buy it for me?答案： across

3、（教材P63） I know a lot about the Dai people but I ve never heard t_h_a_t_c_u_s_to_m_._答案：of （教材P63）Non-Han people make nearly 30% of Yunnan s population.答案：up過去分詞（短語）作狀語 過去分詞（短語）作狀語的基本用法過去分詞 （短語 ）在句中作狀語，可以表示原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、讓步或伴隨。過去分詞 （短語 ）在句中作狀語表示動作的完成或被動。其邏輯主語一般應(yīng)與句子的主語一致，過去分詞與邏輯主語一般是被動關(guān)系。（2018 W匕京卷）Or

4、dinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.（條件） 如果正確使用的話，普通肥皂可以有效地消滅細(xì)菌。（2016 北京卷）Ordered over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.（原因） 這些書是一個(gè)多星期以前訂購的，現(xiàn)在有望隨時(shí)到貨。Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practised even harder.（讓步） 盡管被對方

5、打敗了，隊(duì)員們沒有泄氣，而是更加努力訓(xùn)練。The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students伴隨）老師進(jìn)入教室，后面跟著一幫學(xué)生，Discussed many times, the problems were settled at last.（時(shí)間）討論多次以后，這些問題終于解決了。.過去分詞（短語）作狀語的注意事項(xiàng)（1）過去分詞（短語）作時(shí)間、條件或讓步狀語時(shí)，為了明確其意義，有時(shí)可在過去分詞（短語）前加上when, while, if, once, unless, although等連詞，即我們通常所說的狀語

6、從句的省略。 Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten.這些英語單詞很容易被忘記，除非不斷被重復(fù)。（2）部分過去分詞源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不表示被動，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)。常見的有：located（坐落于），lost（迷路的）,seated（坐著的）,hidden（躲著的）,lost/absorbed/buried in（沉溺于）,dressed in（穿著）,tired of（厭煩的）,faced with（面對著）。（天津卷）Absorbed in painting, John didn t

7、 notice evening approaching.由于專心繪畫，約翰沒有注意到夜幕正在降臨。（3）有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。?？?的有：獨(dú)立成分意義generally speaking(to be general)一般來說honestly/roughly/strictly speaking老實(shí)說/大體說/嚴(yán)格說frankly speaking(to be frank)坦白說judging from/by.根據(jù)來判斷takinginto consideration / account考慮到considering/ seeing/given.考慮

8、到to tell the truth/to be honest說實(shí)話compared with/by.與相比to make things worse更糟糕的是(浙江卷)To be honest, the pay isnt attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting.說實(shí)話，這個(gè)報(bào)酬不是很吸引人，雖然工作本身很有趣。過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別語法邏輯關(guān)系時(shí)間概念過去分詞過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子的主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即表被動過去分詞所表示的動作往往發(fā)生于謂語動詞所表示的動作之前； 或表示

9、一種狀態(tài)，與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生或存在現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與句子的主語之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表主動現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(having done)表tk動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前 Seen from the top of the tower, our city looks more beautiful.從塔頂上看，我們的城市看上去更漂亮。 Seeing from the top of the tower, we c

10、an get a wonderful view of our city.從塔頂我們可以飽覽我們城市的美景。動短語壞了；垮了；分解放棄撫養(yǎng)；教育執(zhí)行；實(shí)施堅(jiān)持要/ 堅(jiān)決主張闖入查明精心挑選1 動副 break down give up bring up carry out insist on break in find out pick out在 “ 動副 ” 的短語中 ， 若賓語是名既可置于副后面， 也可置于動和副之間。若賓語是代， 只能置于動和副之間。2 動詞介詞 動詞與介詞構(gòu)成的短語在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動詞，賓語總是在介詞后面。believe in belong to.care abou

11、tcome across count on. go through lie in.prepare for.3 動詞副詞介詞廢棄；廢除與相處趕上；跟上總計(jì)達(dá)從脫離；打破適應(yīng)/符合信任/ 信賴 /信仰屬于對關(guān)心/感興趣偶然碰到/遇到信賴/指望通過在于為作準(zhǔn)備這類動詞短語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動詞。賓語總是位于介詞之后。do away withget on/along withcatch up withadd up tobreak away fromfit in with 動詞名詞介詞這類動詞短語只用作及物動詞，?？捎糜诒粍诱Z態(tài)，并且有些可以有兩種形式。make use of利用pay attention

12、to注意take advantage of利用take part in參加show interest in對表現(xiàn)出興趣keep pace with與并駕齊驅(qū) In some countries, people are making use of the heat in the center of the earth. fThe heat in the center of the earth is being made use of in some countries.f Use is being made of the heat in the center of the earth in so

13、me countries.在一些國家，人們正在利用地球中心的熱能。 其他動詞短語(1)動詞名詞這類動詞短語中的常見動詞是have, take, give, make 等，后面的名詞通常是從動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的動作名詞，并表達(dá)了動詞短語的真正意義?？匆豢丛囈辉嚰s會發(fā)生發(fā)現(xiàn)講得通；有意義喪失信心做鬼臉隨便吃專心于穿著忙于專心；致力于記住使生效考慮到形成生效突然大哭起來成功敘述；說明明白have a lookhave a trymake an appointmenttake placemake a discoverymake senselose heartmake faces(2)動詞反身代詞介詞help

14、 oneself togive oneself todress oneself inoccupy oneself indevote oneself to(3)動詞介詞名詞keep.in o o considerationcome into beingcome into effectburst into tears(4)動詞 itmake itput itget itI單句語法填空 （find） her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help.答案： Finding. （2017 天津卷）M

15、r. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle , get married, and have kids.答案： down. （2016 浙江卷 6 月）When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut from the world.答案： off （天津卷）Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weekend because he wastoo busy.答案： down

16、（湖南卷 ）When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile ， she stood rooted to the ground， （wonder） whether to stay or leave.答案： wondering （湖北卷 ）Is this your necklace, Mary? I came it when I was cleaning thebathroom this morning.答案： across （重慶卷 ） （raise） in the poorest area of Glasgow, h

17、e had a long, hard road tobecoming a football star.答案：Raised （bury） in his books, he didn t know it was raining outside.答案：Buried. （2019 陜西西安高二期中） （judge） from his accent, he is from the south ofChina.答案： Judging Film has a much shorter history, especially when （compare） with such artforms as music

18、and painting.答案： comparedn單句改錯(cuò) Offering an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.答案：Ofering Offered（2019 北京西城區(qū)高二期中 ）When asking questions in class, one should answer them as clearly as possible. 答案：askingfasked Facing with a choice between arts and science, the little girl didn t know which to choose.答案： FacingfFaced（2016 天津卷）I hate it wh