中西飲食文化的差異

1、The Differences Between Chinese and WesternFood Dietetic Culture中西飲食文化的差異College of MinshengHenan UniversityMay 2011AcknowledgementThere are a lot of people who help me to contribute to the completion of this thesis.Firstly, my deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Zhu Taiyin , my teacher for

2、 his constant encouragement and guidance. He has led me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without his consistent ad illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.Secondly, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the teachers, who lead

3、 me into the world of English. They instructed and helped me a lot in the past four years.Last, owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.Abstract： T

4、his thesis explores the differences between Chinese and Western food dietetic culture. The food dietetic culture plays an important role in the world culture.The differences between Chinese and Western culture created the differences betweenChinese and Western food dietetic culture. Different countr

5、ies have their own foodKey Words:dietetic cultural. In different cultural contexts, both in concept, objects, manner, tableware, etiquette and nature, these differences are obvious. But as the communication and integration of the international, Chinese and western food culture will be developed in c

6、ommon communicate. This will play a significant role to promote the communication of culture in the ercultural communication; food dietetic culture; culturedifferences摘要: 本篇論文探討了中西方飲食文化的差異.飲食文化在世界文化中起著 非常重要的作用.中西方文化的差異帶來了中西飲食文化的差異，不同的國家有 自己不同的飲食文化特點.在不同的文化背景下，無論是在觀念,對象，方式，餐具 還是禮儀等各方面，這些不同都是

7、顯而易見的.但是，隨著國際的交流與融合，中 西飲食文化業(yè)將會在交流中共同發(fā)展，這對全世界范圍內(nèi)的文化交流將起到促進(jìn) 作用.關(guān)鍵詞: 跨文化交際；飲食文化；文化差異Contents TOC o 1-5 h z Abstract (English)iAbstract (Chinese)iiIntroduction1Chapter One Chinese and Western Food Dietetic Culture3 HYPERLINK l bookmark15 o Current Document Characteristics of Chinese food dieteticculture

8、3 HYPERLINK l bookmark19 o Current Document Characteristics of the Western food dieteticculture3 HYPERLINK l bookmark23 o Current Document Chapter Two Differences in the performance of Chinese and Western Food5 HYPERLINK l bookmark26 o Current Document Differences between Chinese and Western diet co

9、ncept5Differences between Chinese and Western diet objects6Differences between Chinese and Western diet manner, tableware and HYPERLINK l bookmark30 o Current Document etiquette7Diet manner7Diet tableware8Diet etiquette9Differences between Chinese and Western diet nature9Chapter Three Reasons for th

10、e differences between Chinese and Western fooddietetic culture11 HYPERLINK l bookmark39 o Current Document The impact of the geographical environment11 HYPERLINK l bookmark43 o Current Document The impact of the economic system11Conclusion14 HYPERLINK l bookmark47 o Current Document Bibliography15In

11、troductionWith the deepening of the international communication, in different countries or cultural background, the communication of people are increasing all the time, and the communication between them is called intercultural communication. Intercultural communications gradually becomes an indispe

12、nsable content of peoples life. Due to the differences of regional, different nations and countries form different cultures. People with different cultural backgrounds behavior or habits is endless and same, they have their social statute or habits, reflected in the political economy, education reli

13、gion, culture , art and so on. America famous newly chemical representative figure White is called “father of cult urology, he put the culture as a kind of special and objective social phenomenon, and as a complete system (White, 1949). So specially, what is culture? Chen Huawen once lists cases to

14、illustrate the connotation and importance of culture; he said “culture is like air and water that permeates every corner of our lives, people are enjoying the culture achievements that were created by predecessors in every time, also, people are inventing new culture in every moment. Our progress is

15、 the result of the culture creation and developing. (Chen Huawen, 2001:2) When people are communicating under the different culture background, the language and non-language factors which influence of message effect are make communication hen culture. If foreign language learners are lack of knowled

16、ge for its behavior and function, it will appear inappropriate behavior, resulting in the communication barriers, and it is difficult for effective cross-cultural communication, as a result causes of communication error.The diet is the first need for humans survival and development; also it is the o

17、ne of the basic form of social life. However under the different cultural background, having different diet idea and diet custom, then finally form the different diet culture. Food culture is an important part in the intercultural communication. Understand the differences between Chinese and western

18、 diet culture and its origin, for foreign language learners, not only increase the understanding of the target language culture, but also improve the success rate of intercultural communication, avoid the misunderstandings and communication barriers just because of the inappropriate way or behavior

19、.In Sun Weixue s book , he once pointed out any country in the world should carry out cultural exchanges and publicity actively, this is not only benefit to their native culture, but also spread the culture in worldwide .(Sun Weixue, 2004) This paper expounded from various of the differences between

20、 Chinese and western food dietetic culture, enhance mutual understanding and facilitate communication.Chapter One Chinese and Western Food Dietetic CultureCharacteristics of Chinese food dietetic cultureChina is one of the most ancient countries on the world, it has the long history of 5000 years, a

21、nd created innumerable splendid civilization. In this culture, it makes China contain more expansive and profound diet. It has experienced several thousand years of history development, and has become one of the most important Chinese traditional cultures of department.Because of the district differ

22、ence in our land, it gradually formed four major cuisines that is Sichuan cuisine, Guangdong cuisine, Shandong cuisine and Chaozhou cuisine. This four major cuisine have different features, but in common is with making complex fastidious, the product methods are very complex, and have a great divers

23、ity of taste and dishes, this is amazing. Because of our vast land, there are differences in climate, products and custom in every place. For a long time, on food was formed many flavor. Our country has been have the saying of “ south rice north noodles, in the taste, it has the differences that “so

24、ur in east, hot in west, sweet in south and salty in north, it mainly have four flavor about Bashu, Qilu, Haiyangn and Yuemin. ( Zou Guangwen, 1998) On the other hand, all the year round, according to season for eat is a feature in Chinas cooking. Since ancient times, our country has been according

25、to season changes to taste, and dishes. Winter taste strong, summer flavor cleaner; in the winter more braised stews, summer more cold.In the long-term development, evolution and accumulation process, Chinese people gradually formed its own unique food folk from many aspects, such as diet structure,

26、 food production, food utensils, nutrition healthy and diet aesthetic, this created a diet with unique flavor of the Chinese food culture, become a pearl of the world food culture.Characteristics of the Western food dietetic cultureRational westerners pay more attention to the nutrition and survival

27、. Due to the different philosophical thoughts of Chinese and western, westerners in diet takes the science, takes the science about nutrition, so the nutrition is the supreme principle in the western diet.Eating like a biological machine add fuel, especially about the foods nutrition composition, pr

28、otein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and all kinds of inorganic element content,( Dang Binghua, 2010) whether calorie supply properly, and whether these nutrients can be fully absorbed, and presence of other side effects, and dishes color, fragrance and taste is the second requirement. Even in the we

29、sts leading power - France, even though in many aspects the diet culture is similar with our diet, but a contact to nutrition, both sides will the gap. While French cook also pursued delicious, but also adhere to the “nutrition” this one major premise, they dont agree with pieces of nutrition and be

30、g delicious.In the culture of diet, westerners have the culture descent of nomads and sailing nationality, they hunting, breeding, aided by acquisition and planting, they eat more meet, the eating, wearing and using are took of animals, even the western medicine are made from animals to take. Pay mo

31、re attention to animal protein and fat intake, in the structure of diet, also with animal figurines in the majority, it is mainly dishes, beef, chicken, pork, mutton and fish. So the meat diet has been very high in proportion. In modern times, planting proportion is increasing, but the proportion in

32、 meat still higher than Chinese.Chapter Two Differences in the performance of Chinese andWestern food dietetic2.1 Differences between Chinese and Western diet conceptChinese people are thinking highly of eat. “Bread is the staff of life”，this old adage explained that we see eating as important as da

33、ys. Because our national for thousands of years are in the low level of productivity, people always do not have enough to eat, so they would have a unique food culture that eating is very important.I think this is probably from a survival to needs. Li Xiaohong pointed out: “If a culture put ate as p

34、rimary, so it will appear two phenomena: on one hand will put the food function to acme, not only survive, but also use it to maintain healthy, this is also the culture basis that “ diet cures more than the doctors”. On the other hand, the excessive attention to eat, it can make the person praise hi

35、ghly of delicious pursuit.”(Li Xiaohong, 2010: 33)In China, the pursuit of delicious reached almost acme, Chinese living overseas to open restaurants for industry in the world, it has become our settlement fundamental. Unfortunately, when we put the pursuit of delicious as the first requirement, we

36、are neglecting the most fundamental nutritional value of food. Many of our traditional foods are through hot fried and long time boil, cover the dish nutrients to sabotage, many nutrients are loss in the machining process. As a result of nutrition problem, in fact touched on the Chinese culinary cul

37、ture to the greatest weakness. Folk have saying, “It is of great importance of eating and whether the food is delicious or not depends on taste”，this is the pursuit of delicious make us ignore the real meaning of dinner.European is represented the western, also, his culture has a long history. In th

38、e middle ages, the European culture has very perfect, during this period; the old western food culture has been formed. Its main features are: most food with flour primarily, raw material also more abundant, its production method is simple, but also in China pays much attention to taste.Chinas five

39、mixed cookery aims to pursue delicious, its processing process of hot fried and long time of fire, this can make dishes nutrients were damaged. (Lin Lirui, 2009) In western countries, especially in 1960s, appearing the emergence of modern cooking thought, with particular emphasis on health care, red

40、uce weight, thus less oil, emphasize the pursuit of light by fresh materials, emphasizing the cooking process of nutrients and maintain the original taste, so the vegetables are basically raw. So says the heavy nutrition in western diet is universal.2.2 Differences between Chinese and Western diet o

41、bjectsWesterners believe that cuisine is the longing, so only eat of meat, chicken this hard food; While Chinese cuisine is taste. So the Chinese cooking with makings also show great randomness, many westerners as something is the outcast, this in China are excellent raw material, foreign chefs cant

42、 handle this things, but to a Chinese chef hands, this can turn decayed for magical. It serves to show the Chinese diet in the wide randomness of materials.According to the survey of western plant scholars, Chinese eat vegetables have more than 600 specious, it is six times more than the west. In fa

43、ct, in the Chinese dishes, vegetarian dishes are common food, only in holidays or volunteers at the higher living standards, it can enters the usual diet, so since ancient times, we will have saying of food feed, food feed is the dominant statement in our usual diet. The Chinese make plant as the ma

44、in dish, and has a lot of contact with the advocacy of Buddhism. Their think the animal is the life, but plants the laws of nature not to work, therefore, advocates the vegetarianism. (Yang Naiji, 1993)Westerners in introducing the food characteristic of their own country, they feel more attention a

45、bout reasonable collocation of nutrition than China. They have more developed food industry, such as canned, fast food. Although the taste is common, saving time and the nutrition is good. So in common, human body of their country is stronger than Chinese: tall, long legs, broad shoulders and develo

46、ped muscle; But Chinese appears narrow skinny, short legs and the color is yellow. Someoneaccording to the obvious differences in characteristic of western diet object, theChinese character known as the plants, the Western character known as animals.Differences between Chinese and Western diet manne

47、r, tablewareand etiquetteDiet mannerChinese and Western food is quite different from the way that such differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, any of the feast, whatever the purpose, there will be only one form, that is, we were sitting around, sharing one seat. The banq

48、uet must use the round table; this formally has created one kind of unity, politeness, altogether the interest atmosphere. The delicacy delicacies put on table of peoples centers, it not only is the object which table of people appreciates, tastes, also is a table of people sentiments exchange inter

49、medium. People propose a toast of each other for food, vegetables, in the face of good things, reflects the mutual respect between people, the virtues of comity. Duo Xiaoping said that: “Although from the health perspective, this kind of food have obvious deficiency, it meets the general mind of hap

50、py in our national, reflects the influence thoughts to offspring about Chinese classical philosophy, facilitate the emotional communicated of collective, and yet difficult to reform”.( Duo Xiaoping, 2005: 12)Freedom westerner is individual serving when they eating, the first is the point of all the

51、food, they can eat what something, and it also showed respect for the West on the personality. After serving up, people eat the entire various one and their random add spices, the second course dish to eat after eating, before and after the two never mixed vegetables to eat. The most popular form of

52、 buffet in western is individual eating, incompatible interference, and lack of the emotional appeal for chat with each other.In the western-style banquets, food and wine are very important, but in fact it is setoff. The core of banquet in friendship, through the conversation with neighbors, in orde

53、r to achieve the friendship. If the companionship of party is compared with dance, then it can be said that Chinese banquet is like collective dance, and western banquet is like dancing between women and men. Therefore, the purpose of companionship is obvious between Chinese banquet and western banq

54、uet, only Chinese banquet more reflected in all guest, and western banquet more reflected the friendship between adjacent guests. And Chinese food is more obvious differences between them were western popular buffet. This method is: we need display all the food, should not fixed in his seat to eat,

55、you can walk freedom, this method in favor of the emotional communicated between individuals, not speak all the words on the table, this also showed respect for the personality and self.Therefore, in the final analysis is differences between perceptual and rationality. However, the difference seems

56、to be with the development of science and become blurred. More and more Chinese no longer only paying attention to food color, fragrance and taste, they pay more attention to its health and nutrition. Especially after the experience of SARS. Also, because of people are more and more busy with job, t

57、hey think when doing the Chinese food is too much trouble, not equal convenient to come a hamburger and so on. So in dietary the differences were not too clear.Diet tablewareIn the space of diet tableware, the differences are more obvious. As we know, Chinese people including some Asian countries, u

58、se chopsticks, spoon, when they have a meal also use bowl to fill. But how about westerners? They are fill food use plate, to use a knife and fork to eat, there are specialized spoon to drink soup. Chopsticks and knife, fork as two kinds of representative tableware for the east and west, they affect

59、ed the different lifestyle of eastern and western, representing two kinds of different wisdom.As we know the emergence of a knife and fork is much later than chopsticks, it was originally the ancient nomadic origin and the European lifestyle; they carry knives for live, and often cooked the meat, th

60、en cut off to eat. After settle the city, the knives and forks into the family kitchen, at this time, people just do not have to carry them. However, only about the 18th century, there was found the fork for four fork. Therefore, western people using a knife and fork, just four or five hundred years