春季14-八年級英語培優(yōu)版-閱讀A篇專題-教師版

1、第 頁第 頁教師姓名學生姓名年級初二上課時間學 科英語課題名稱閱讀A篇專就閱讀A篇專題ib isa a尋找關雇句情生詞尋找主題句 片尋找結論句因果關系一同義詞/反義詞一定義和解程一句法功能-前后文提示考綱詞匯梳理I .概念一、尋找主題句.主題句在段首 一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多 采用這種格式。Sample 1People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other

2、 red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast -foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.主題句在段尾

3、作者先擺出事實依據(jù)，層層推理論證，最后自然得出結論，即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結尾句得 到體現(xiàn)，它是此段內(nèi)容的結論。Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all st

4、udents at the same time.主題句在段中當主題句被安排在段中間時，通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出，而后又作進一步的解釋，支撐或發(fā)展.Sample 3Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many d

5、ark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.二、尋找結論句及作者的寫作意圖SampleA boy and his father were walking in the mountains. Suddenly the boy fell, hurt him and cried AAAhhhhhh! To his surpr

6、ise, he heard the voice repeating, somewhere in the mountain, AAAhhhhhh!Then the boy shouted. Who are you? He received the answer. Who are you?” He got angry at the answer, so he shouted, Foolish! He received the answer.”ou!Foolish! He looked at his father and asked, What is going on? The father smi

7、led and said. M y son, listen. And then he shouted to the mountain. I love you! ” The voice answered, I love yAgain the man cried, You are the best! The voice answered, You are the best!The boy was surprised, but did not understand. Then the father explained, People call this really this is life. It

8、 gives you back everything you say or do our life is just a reflection of what we have done. If you want more love in the world, have more love in your heart. If you want to be successful, work hard. This can be used in everything in life. Life will give you back everything you have given to it.（文章先

9、寫回聲這一自然現(xiàn)象，然后類比到生活現(xiàn)象， 從而提出自己的寫作意圖， have more love in yourheart/work hard,我們要給予，才能有所回報，這樣的文章很多時候會考到作者的寫作意圖，我們就要選有高度和深度的選項。）閱讀技巧之二一一猜生詞根據(jù)課程標準要求：初中生能正確流暢地朗讀句子和課文，語音語調(diào)準確；能不借助詞典閱讀含有 1%-3%生詞的多種文體的語言材料：能根據(jù)上下文的意思，推測生詞的意義。Zoos protect the animals they look after. They offer them safe places to live in. In the

10、 wild, some kinds of animals are in danger of becoming extinct . But zoos give these animals a chance to live. Without zoos, there would be fewer kinds of animals in the world.Question:根據(jù)上下文意思，解釋劃線詞含義。【分析】這段文字的意思是：動物園為動物提供了安全的棲身之地：而在野外，有些種類的動物身處 extinct的險境。如果沒有動物園，世界上動物種類將變得更少。根據(jù)上下文的意思，可以推斷出在野外 的動物面

11、臨著滅絕的險境，因此 extinct的意思就是滅絕”。猜詞的技巧：.通過因果關系猜詞通過因果關系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關系，然后才能猜詞。有時文章借助關聯(lián)詞（如because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等等）表示前因后果。You shouldnt have blamed him for that , for it wasnt his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因（那不是他的錯），可猜出blame的詞義是責備。.通過同義詞和反義詞的關系猜詞通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and

12、或or連接的同義詞詞組，如 happy and gay,即使我們不認識 gay這個詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has knownsomething about the planets Venus , Mars, and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的 Venus（金星）、 Mars（火星）、Jupiter（木星）均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于行星”這一義域。通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉折關系的連詞或副詞，如 but, while, however等；二是看與not搭配的

13、或 表示否定意義的詞語。He is so homely , not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù)not at all.handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。.通過構詞法猜詞在閱讀文章時，我們總會遇上一些新詞匯，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又 有著舉足輕重的作用，此時，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識，這些問題便不難解決 了，例如：independence 從詞根 depend-dependentfdependenceindependence。.通過定義或釋義關系來推測詞義例如： B

14、ut sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought.從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即drought,由此可見drought意思為久旱，旱災。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關系常由is, or, that is,in other words , be called 或破折號等來表示。.通過句法功能來推測詞義例如： Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts

15、and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從 句中不又t看出 pineapples, coconuts和bananas, oranges是同類關系，同屬 fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水 果，準確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。6.通過描述猜詞描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物做出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描 寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South P

16、ole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類一一企鵝。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習性。n.考綱詞匯梳理At the moment , the aged artist achieves the ambition of holding his personal oil painting exhibition and the price of the ticke

17、ts is very low so that he can share his view of natural beauty with the public.此時，這位老藝術家實現(xiàn)了他開個人油畫展的愿望，因為門票價格很低，所以他能和大眾 一起分享他的自然美的觀點?！就卣?】at the moment時時，不斷地，現(xiàn)在，當前I m off coffee at the moment.我眼下不再喝咖啡了。in the moment 在這一刻，在那一刻In the moment of success, I felt uneasy.在成功的那一刻，我反而感到了不安。 【拓展2】aged adj.年齡大的

18、近義詞：elderly【拓展3】ambition n.雄心，野心ambitious adj.有里予心的His ambition is to be a scientist in the future.【拓展4】price n.價格priceless adj.無價的buy sth. at the price of .以.的價格買東西This winter holiday, they are eager to travel around the Europe, such as France, Italy, Germany, Britain and so on.這個寒假，他們渴望去環(huán)游歐洲，例如法國、

19、意大利、英國等?！就卣?】be eager to do sth.渴望做某事近義詞組：be anxious to do sth.急切地要做某事desire/ long to do sth.渴望做某事【拓展2】Europe n.歐洲European adj.歐洲的；歐洲人a European 一個歐洲人，注意冠詞用aDuring rush hours, many clerks still choose undergrounds or buses rather than their own private cars as main traffic tools and some young ones

20、even ride bicycles because it is too difficult to park cars in the city center.高峰期時，一些職員仍舊選擇地鐵或者公交車，而不是自己的私家車作為交通工具，一些年輕人甚至騎自行車，因為市中心停車太難了?！就卣?】rush hours高峰期【拓展2】clerk n.職員注意音標/kl a ?k【拓展3】rather than 而不是近義，: instead of【拓展4】park n.公園 v.停車traffic tools 交通工具traffic jams 交通堵塞Before the lecture in the c

21、ollege, the inventor raised a question who had the ability to take out a coin at the bottom of the bottle without touching it or breaking it into pieces .在大學里做講座前，這位發(fā) 明者提出了一個問題，誰能從瓶底取出一個硬幣而不碰到它，也不能把瓶子打碎?！就卣?】raise a question 提出一個問題注意辨別rise vi.和raise vt.的用法【拓展2】take out取出take on承擔take up占據(jù)；開始從事于take

22、off脫下；起飛take over接管take in吸收；欺騙【拓展3】break down 破壞=go wrong= don t workbreakin 闖入，打斷break into破門而入breakout （戰(zhàn)爭等）爆發(fā) break through出現(xiàn)，突破break up 打碎，拆散 break into pieces 破成碎片 break one s words/ promiSetfA. I. Choose the best answer （根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢?）（錯誤率： 掌握情況：）（一）Sunday, October 16 FineToday was one of

23、the best days of my life, as I did a skydive for the first time.I was really nervous when I got onto the plane and it began to fly higher into the sky. All my family and friends were waiting in a field down below. To stop myself from feeling afraid, I had to keep telling myself why I was doing it.I

24、decided two weeks ago to take part in this skydive for charity because I wanted to raise money to build a library at my local school.I asked everyone I knew to sponsor me. People were very generous. Since then I have spent hours every day learning the skills. It was not long before the day arrived a

25、nd I was walking onto the plane. It seemed hours had gone by as we started on the runway and took off into the clouds, but it can only have been a few minutes. The teacher checked everything for us one last time before opening the door. The cold wind rushed in, and I felt my heart beat faster. Final

26、ly, it was my turn to jump. The teacher then put his hand on my back and pushed me out of the plane!Suddenly, I was falling through the sky. I was probably around three kilometers above the ground and going at a high speed. The plane disappeared in a few seconds, and I was completely alone, with the

27、 ground getting closer and closer all the time. It may seem a strange thing to say, but I felt as if I were a bird and quickly forgot all my worries and fears.After around 30 seconds, I pulled the cord of the parachute （降落傘）on my back. I felt it pull me upwards as it opened, and then I began to floa

28、t downwards to the ground below. Soon I landed in a field where my family were waiting.I found it exciting to fall through the sky, but I was also very happy to have both my feet back on theground again.This article is a（n）A. letterB. diaryThe weather today is.A. cloudyB. rainyThe writer has learnt

29、skydiving forA. 2 weeksB. 2 daysC. advertisementD.speechC. snowyD.sunnyC. several hoursD. many yearsThe underlined partdoing it in paragraph 2 refers toA. getting onto the planeC. getting so afraidThe writer opened the parachute.A. as soon as she left the planeC. thirty seconds after she left the pl

30、aneThe money the writer has raised will be used forsending some children to schoolC. building a library at her local schooldoing the skydivingD. talking to myselfB. a few minutes after she left the planeD. thirty minutes after she left the planeB. setting up a skydiving club in her schoolD. building

31、 a new school in her neighborhood（二）Brazil （巴西）is the greatest football nation in the world. There are 100 million Brazilians （ 巴西人）.Howaven,many of them are football fans? 100 million! All of them think that they know all about football. This makes life very difficult for the Brazilian team manager

32、. When things go badly for the Brazilian team, the newspaper would demand （ 要求）that the team manager should leave his job.If we win, they put me in h（manager once said, “If we lose, they put me in hell.”You can t escape football in Brazil. There are football matches on every street and beach. On tel

33、evision, the results of the football matches come before the main news programs. There are six television channels in Rio de Janeiro. On Sundays each channel shows a different football match.Brazil is not the richest country in the world, but the government spends huge sums of money on football.It c

34、ost more than one billion pounds to prepare for the 1978 World Cup. That s 10 poman, woman, and child. And many Brazilians don t earn as much as 10 pounds a week. Is it worthore than“Brazilmust have a great football team, “says one journalist. Ifit costs one billion pounds, that als right. If the go

35、vernment doesn t give a good football team, then it will become unpopular. Football is ma game in Brazil. ”Football is more than a game in Brazil. This is certainly true in its largest city, Sao Paulo. The most popular team is Corinthians. Corinthians fans are the most loyal （忠實的）and emotional in Br

36、azil. WhenCorinthians win, production in the Sao Paulo car factories increases by fifteen per cent. When they lose, it drops. At one time Corinthians won the national championship for the first time. For four days fans danced and sang in the streets.In Brazil the number of football fans and its popu

37、lation are.A. the sameB. lessC. moreD. 100 billionLife for is no easy, for he will be put in hell if the football team loses.A. a football fanB. any government officialC. the Brazilian team managerD. a football playerIt is the that come before the main news programs on television.A. football matches

38、B.results of football matchesC. football matches on the streetsD.football matches onthebeachesThe government spent in preparing for the 1978 World Cup though the country was not rich.A. one billion dollarsB.one million poundsC. one billion poundsD.one million RMBFootball is more than a game in Brazi

39、l. The underlined sentence means“ In Brazil people like football very muchthere is something else in footballpeople are keen on competitionfootball has influences （影響）on the politics and economy of the nationThe best title of the passage is.A. Brazilians and FootballB. Brazilians Way of LifeC. Footb

40、all and IncomeD. Football and Government.復習A篇的做題思路。.課后閱讀專項訓練。.復習本節(jié)課所學的重點筆記內(nèi)容。I . Reading comprehension （閱讀理解）（錯誤率： 掌握情況： ）Choose the best answer （根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢福〩ow many days of school do you have? Do you want to have a longer school vacation? Read the two letters from people in the town of Watervi

41、lle to their local newspaper. The chart （l表）on the right shows the average number ofschool days in some countries.Letter ATo the Editor:Why do our children have 11 weeks of summer vacation? Many yearsago, 85 percent of Americans worked on farms. Children needed summervacation because they helped wit

42、h the farm work. Today, only 3 percent ofAmericans work on farms. But our children still have long summer vacations.American students lose one or two months of learning during their summer vacations. Away from school for so many weeks, students forget what they learned. Experts say that students los

43、e maths skills and readingskills. At the beginning of school in September, teachers have to review last years studies for the first four to six weeks of school.Summer vacations are not great opportunities for learning. Most parents work outside of the home. They cant be with their kids during thelon

44、g summer months. Some families can pay for summer camps, but many cant. Most children stay home and watch TV . They are bored. Most children do not learn new skills during the summer.James, TeacherLetter BTo the Editor:I am against a longer school year. I believe people learn everywhere, not just in

45、 school. I believe children gain experience in the world. Summer vacation is a great opportunity. Kids can discover the world outside of school. They can learn to do things they cant learn in a classroom. They can learn to swim and ride bikes. They can travel or go to summer camps. They can take tim

46、e to do things like cooking and art. Some can get summer jobs. They can get work experience or help people in the community. They can spend time with people of other ages. Basically, they can get more experience in the world.Long summer vacations give families time together. During the school year,

47、everyone is busy. During summer vacations, we take time to do things together. Vacations are good for families.Linda, ParentAccording to the chart（圖表）, which two countries have the same number of school days?A. England and Australia.B. Singapore and Thailand.C. Japan and the United States.D. South K

48、orea and China.James says that, many years ago, most children used their vacation time toA. study in schoolB. go to summer campsC. have new experiencesD. help on the farmJames says most parents_during the summer months.A. travel abroadB. are with their childrenC. are busy with their workD. go to sum

49、mer campsLinda says children can get during their summer vacations.A. no time to watch TVB. more work experienceC. more classroom timeD. better reading skillsAccording to Linda, children do a lot of activities except thatA. they learn to swim and ride bikesC. they do cooking6. What is best title of

50、the Letter B?Yes to a Longer School YearC. Adults Need More V acation Timethey go to summer campsD. they improve maths skillsVacations Are a Way of ExperiencingD. Vacations Are Boring to FamiliesChoose the words or expressions and complete the passage （選擇最恰當?shù)膯卧~或詞語完成短文）：People of all ages, especially

51、 young children, follow comic strips in newspapers, magazines and the movies. Who is your favourite superhero - Spiderman? Wonder Woman? These heroes have been around for a long time. Comics came out even earlier. In ancient times, people made funny drawings of animals 1 paper.Comic strips first cam

52、e out during the 1800s and remain much the same style today. These comics are drawn in connected boxes. The boxes usually show a dramatic 2 . Some comic strips are printed in newspapers, which often continue from day to day. Some people even read the comics before they read the front page.The comic

53、books first 3 during the 1930s. It seemed that everyone wanted to read comic books. They loved reading about the adventures of The Man of Steel and Batman. During the 1940s, the nation was at war and some comic book characters, such as Captain America, reflected （ 反映）the times. Others, such as Bugs

54、Bunny and Daffy Duck, made people laugh during this 4 time in history.After the war, people became _5 interested in old comic book characters, so new superheroes had to be made. The new superheroes, such as Fantastic Four, X -Men, and Spiderman, talked and acted more like real people. As time went o

55、n, comic books had to _6 TV because TV has offered a lot of fun to people.Comic strips are usually good for a laugh or at least a smile. But they have held a place in history. They take people away from their daily lives into another world. In this world, the hero always wins, and failure only comes

56、 to the bad guys.A. withB. onC. withoutD. overA. storyB. copyC. collectionD. picture3. A. grewB. knewC.appearedD. finished4. A. happyB. aloneC. noisyD. terrible5. A. moreB. muchC. lessD. little6. A. link withB. compete withC. talk withD. communicate withRead the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順，每空格限填一詞，首字母已給）You know that eating a sensi