試題第四次作業(yè)答案

1、作業(yè) 412 月 6 號交，逾期不候。 第十一章：問題與應用 7、9第十二章：無第十三章： 4、6第十四章： 12、14補充題：（前考題）Chapter 117.a.To find the equilibrium number of householdst will fish, we set theesequal across the two occupations (12 2n = 2, so n = 5). Therefore, fivehouseholds will produce baskets and five others will fish.Each family earns$2

2、, so totalehe village is $20.b.When three households fish, fishingees $6 per household (12 2(3). Therefore, totalehe village rises to $32.However,self-erest will prevent this from occurring. Household who are makingbaskets are earning lessn those who are fishing, so more will want to fish.c.The vill

3、age could offer three fishing licenses and auction them to the highest bidder. The revenue from the auctions could be transferred to basketmakers.d.The fishery is a common resource because it is nonexcludable and rival.9.On privay owned land, the amount of logging is likely to be efficient. Loggersh

4、ave incentives to do the right amount of logging, because they caret the treesreplenish themselves and the forest can be loggedhe future. Publicly ownedland, however, is a common resource, and is likely to be overlogged, becauseloggers wont worry about the future value of the land.Because public lan

5、ds tend to be overlogged, theernment can improve thingsby restricting thety of logging to its efficient level. Selling permits to log, ortaxing logging, could be used to reach the appropriatety byernalizing theexternality. Such restrictions are unnethere is no externality.sary on privay owned lands,

6、 becauseChapter134.Here is the table of costs:a.See the table for marginal product. Marginal product rises atdeclines because of diminishing marginal product., thenb.See the table for total cost.c.See the table for average total cost. Average total cost is U-shd. Whenty is low, average total cost de

7、clines asty rises; whenty ishigh, average total cost rises asty rises.d.See the table for marginal cost. Marginal cost is also U-shd, but risessteeply as output increases. This is due to diminishing marginal product.e.When marginal product is rising, marginal cost is falling, and vice versa.f.When m

8、arginal cost is lessage total cost, average total cost is falling;the cost of the last unit produced pulls the average down. When marginal costis greaterage total cost, average total cost is rising; the cost of thelast unit produced pushes the average up.6. a.The fixed cost is $300, because fixed co

9、st equals total cost minus variable cost.b.tyTotalCostVariableCostMarginal Cost(using total cost)Marginal Cost(using variable cost)0$300$0-135050$50$5023909040403420120303044502405050WorkersOutputMarginalProductTotalCostAverageTotal CostMarginalCost00-$200-12020300$15.00$5.00250304008.003.3339040500

10、5.562.504120306005.003.335140207005.005.006150108005.3310.00715559005.8120.00Marginal cost equals the changeotal cost for each additionait of output. Itit of output. Thisis also equal to the change in variable cost for each additionaoccursbecause total cost equals the sum of variable cost and fixed

11、cost andfixed cost does not change as thety changes. Thus, asty increases,the increaseotal cost equals the increase in variable cost.Chapter1412. a.Figure 9 shows the current equilibriumhe market for pretzels. The supplycurve, S1,ersects the demand curve at price P1. Each stand produty q1 of pretzel

12、s, so the total number of pretzels produced is 1,000 q1.Stands earn zero profit, because price is equal to average total cost.Figure 19b.If the cityernment restricts the number of pretzel stands to 800, theindustry-supply curve shifts to S2. The market price rises to P2, and individualfirms produce

13、output q2. Industry output is now 800 q2. Now the priceexceeds average total cost, so each firm is making aitive profit. Withoutrestrictions on the market, this would induce other firms to enter the market,but they cannot because theernmens limited the number of licenses.c.If the city charges a lice

14、nse fee for the licenses, it will have no effect onmarginal cost, so it will not affect the firms output. It will, however, reduce thefirms profits. As long as the firm is left wizero oritive profit, it willcontinue to operate. Thus, as long as the industry supply curve is unaffected,the price of pr

15、etzels will not change.The license feet brings the most money to the city is equal to (P2 - ATC2) q2, which is the amount of each firms profit.沒有，我也不知道為什么。d.好像 14 題的補充題（共 22 分）規(guī)定對餐館的營業(yè)額征收 20%的營業(yè)稅。為了鼓勵在餐館吃飯的顧客，的預期收益為 10 元。請，推出了抽獎的活動。假定開出 100 元的開具回答以下問題。（1）假設對于顧客的價值等于零（并假設餐館了解該信息）而且顧客是否要只與對自己的價值有關。請問在

16、推出抽獎活動之前，顧客是否要嗎？（1 分）推出抽獎活動之后，相比較抽獎活動之前，什么變化？（請畫圖說明）（5 分）在推出抽獎活動之前：顧客不開，餐館不交稅。在推出抽獎活動之后：餐館給顧客 10%的折扣，顧客仍然不開，能收到餐館的稅有何變化？餐館的收入有。供給曲線，需求曲線右移。均衡的實際價格不變，數(shù)量不變。不變，餐館收入不變。（2）假設對于顧客的價值為 x%且有 0 x%10%（并假設餐館了解該信息）而且顧客拿到的收益等于對自己的對應價值即滿足（以后各問都適用該假設，不再贅述）。請問在推出抽獎活動之前，餐館是否會給顧客一定的折扣，折扣是多少，顧客是否要能收到餐館的稅嗎？（1 分）推出抽獎活動之后，相比較抽獎活動之前，？有何變化？變化？（請畫圖說明）（5 分）餐館的收入類似于第一種情況。在推出抽獎活動之前：顧客不開，餐館給顧客 x%的折扣，餐館不交稅。在推出抽獎活動之后：餐館給顧客(x+10)%的折扣，顧客仍然不開。供給曲線上移 10%，需求曲線上移 10%。均衡的實際價格不變，數(shù)量不變。不變，