牛津高中英語模塊3

1、牛津高中英語模塊三語言點(diǎn)Unit 1 The world of our senses一、Reading(Page 2, Line 7) Once out in the street, she walked如果從句和主句的主語一致，或者從句的主語為it ,同時(shí)從句中含有 be的適當(dāng)形式，可以省略從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞，留下分詞、介詞短語等成分作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、讓步、伴隨狀態(tài)等含義。從句前可以加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞，使從句的含義更加明確。Once (it is ) seen, it will be never forgotten.When (you are) in the street, you

2、 d better be careful.While (you are) reading, underline the key words.this:adv.這么 that much:那么多that: adv.那么 He isn t this / that tall.j observe: vt. (1) 觀察，注意到(2) 遵守(3) 慶祝observer: n.目擊者，觀察者，觀測(cè)員，觀察員She observed that the pond was drying up.observe the speed limit.observe the Christmas Day.The UN sent

3、 a team of observers to the peace talks.glance at sth:瞥一眼，匆匆看，掃視at first glance:乍一看He glanced at nervously at his watch.At first glance, the palace seemed deserted.stare at sth:盯著，凝視tglare at sth:怒目而視，瞪著He stared at the diamond with great amazement.Tom didn t shout. He just glared at me silently.now

4、here: adv.無處，到處都不n. U無處哪兒也見/找/聽不到be nowhere to be seen / found / heard: nowhere else:沒有別的地方get nowhere:沒有結(jié)果/進(jìn)展Such case is nowhere to be found.I have nowhere else to go.It s a good idea but it will get nowhere without more financial support.Nowhere else can you find a more beautiful view.narrow: adj

5、.窄的，狹隘的；勉強(qiáng)的；精確的vt. & vi.(使)變窄，縮小 narrowly: adv.勉強(qiáng)地；嚴(yán)密地，仔細(xì)地He has a narrow mind.他度量很小。a narrow escape from death:九死一生What does the word mean in its narrowest sense?In order to widen the road he had to narrow the pavement.The road narrows here.He narrowly escaped drowning.Observe someone narrowly.appr

6、oach: (1) vt. & vi. 靠近，接近；對(duì)付，處理The time is approaching when we think about buying a new house.Few writers even begin to approach Shakespeare s greatness.莎士比亞的偉大，鮮有作家能望其項(xiàng)背。approach the puzzle.n.靠近 方法；通道，入口With the approach of sth:隨著的臨近t 、 he approach to sth: 的方法 / 通道With the approach of spring, every

7、thing come alive.The approach to the town / problem has been abandoned.hold: vt.使處于某種狀態(tài).hold sb + adj / advhold sb still:使一動(dòng)不動(dòng)can you hold the door open for me?“Ah, twenty! A nice age to be. ??！二十歲！多好的年齡啊。A nice age to be.是個(gè)省略句，如果補(bǔ)充完整則是：Twenty is a nice age to be.又如下面的省略句：You will have no difficulty

8、finding his address; he is well known in this area.你要想找到他的住址并不難，他在這一片很有名氣。表示這一意義時(shí)，英語常用have (some, any, much, a little) difficulty (in) doing sth.或there is (some, much, a little) difficulty (in) doing sth.,這兩個(gè)句型中的difficulty用作不可數(shù)名詞，介詞in可省略。例】 We read them ; we remember them.A. as young ; as oldB. as y

9、ounger ; as olderC. when younger ; when olderD. when young ; when older【答案】C when 后是we are young(old)的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。 come to one s aid: 幫助first aid:急救Thank you for coming to my aid in time of emergency.pay back: vt.償還，回報(bào)dark 與 darkness 的區(qū)別兩者都可以表示黑暗”，都是不可數(shù)名詞。dark前通常用定冠詞，darkness前不用冠詞。如：Darkness was falling fa

10、st.黑暗很快來臨。Children are usually afraid of the dark.小孩通常都害怕黑暗。表示“在黑暗中，用in the dark 或in the darkness 均可。如：Cats can see in the dark(ness).貓?jiān)诤诎抵心軌蚩匆?。The light went out and left us in the dark(ness).燈熄了,我們面前一片漆黑。 be in the dark about sth:對(duì)一無所知/被蒙在鼓里。如：We are still in the dark about the cause of the fire.d

11、ark 還可以表示黃昏、傍晚、黑夜等，此時(shí)不用darkness。注意此時(shí)dark前不用冠詞。at dpk:在黃昏時(shí)bef#e dark:天黑前afterdark:天黑后They turned on the light at dark.他們?cè)邳S昏時(shí)開燈。Try to get home before dark.盡量在天黑以前回家。在城里我害怕天黑后出門。adj /介詞短語I m afraid to go out after dark in the city.lie （lay, lain）:v.處于狀態(tài) lie +lie open:打開著lie empty: 空著lie in ruins:成為廢墟T

12、he book lay open on the table.The town now lies in ruins.二、Grammarmake sense: 講得通，有意義Make sense of sth:理解What you say makes no sense.Can you make sense of this poem?make one s way back to sth:返回Finally I made my back to where I once lived.struggle through sth:掙扎著通過；奮力通過He tried his best to struggle

13、through the woods.from + 介詞短語：從地方from behind the door:從后from under the table:從桌子底下sweat with fear:嚇得出（冷）汗He sweated with fear when seeing a snake lying before him.all of a sudden: suddenly 突然地Life seemed all of a sudden empty and meaningless.生活突然顯得一片空虛,毫無意義.ring out:vi.清晰可聞；發(fā)出清脆的聲音A number of shots

14、rang out.這時(shí)聽見幾聲清脆的響聲。三、Taskattach: vt.系，綁，附attach sth to sth:把系/綁/附在 .上be attached to sth:被系/綁/附在.上；（2）喜歡，依戀；（3）附屬于attach importance to sth:重視attach oneself to sth:參力口，依附Attach a recent photo to the application form.It s easy to be attached to the children you work with.This hospital is attached to

15、the medical college nearby.On the contrary, they a ttach importance to education and constant learning and thinking.He attached himself to the expedition.他參加了那個(gè)探險(xiǎn)隊(duì)。hesitate:vi.猶豫，遲疑不決hesitate about doing sth:對(duì)猶豫hesitate to do sth:做猶豫hesitation:n.猶豫 without hesitation:毫不猶豫He still hesitated about whe

16、ther to join the club.Don t hesitate to tell us if you have a problem.She asked he to sit beside her without hesitation.bite into sth:咬進(jìn)，陷入，砍入When you bite into an apple, savor the sweet taste and enjoy the delicious juicy crunch.當(dāng)你咬下蘋果，務(wù)要品嘗那香甜的滋味，享受那多汁可口的爽脆.四、Projectcontrary:n.相反的事實(shí)或情況adj.相反的on the

17、 contrary:正相反，恰恰相反be Contrary to sth:與相反It was not a good thing; on the contrary, it was a huge mistake.Contrary to my expectation, he didn t win the competition.His views are contrary to mine.mistake sth for sth:把誤認(rèn)為I mistake the poor woman for my sister.panic: n.驚慌vt. & vi.（panicked , panicked）（使）

18、恐慌，驚慌失措get into a panic:陷入驚慌之中in炎anic:驚慌地She got into a real panic when she thought she had lost the tickets.Shoppers fled the street in panic after two bombs exploded in central London.likely:adj .可能的be likely to do sth:可能做jis likely that:可能She is very likely to call me today.It s likely that Tom w

19、ill survive the disaster.the likely result.watch for sth:盼望 / 期待They are watching for further developments.reach into sth:把手伸入Paul reached into his pocket to get his celephone.reach out:vt. & vi. （使）伸出；伸手； 延伸； 伸出援手； 溝通，交流，reach out for sth:伸手拿reach out to sb:和某人交流；伸手幫助I reached out a hand and caught

20、 the ball.我伸手抓住了球。Tao Zi reaches out to scratch hernose.陶子伸出手去抓鼻子上的癢癢。Happiness is a choice. Reach out for it at the moment it appears.幸福是一種選擇，一旦出現(xiàn)，你就伸手去抓住她吧！A tree reaches out its branches towards the light.樹枝向陽光處伸展。Reach out, beauteous Turkey, give me your hand, my beloved homeland!伸出你的手吧，美麗的土耳其，握

21、住我的手吧，親愛的祖國 ！We must reach out to those in need.我們應(yīng)該幫助那些需要幫助的人。Modern politicians try to reach out to ordinary people in their broadcast speeches.現(xiàn)代的政客們企圖在廣播演講中與普通民眾進(jìn)行溝通。loose: adj.松動(dòng)的，松開的；寬松的，松散的；自由的vt.松開，釋放come loose:變松get loose / free:獲得 自 由let set sb loose:釋放a loose overcoat / organization.Don t

22、 let your dog loose if there are any sheep around.over a long distance:經(jīng)過長距離over a long time:經(jīng)過長時(shí)間employ: vt.使用，雇傭 employer:雇主employee:雇員Don t be frightened by sharks as there is 30 times greater chance of being hit by lightening than being attacked by a shark.不要懼怕鯊魚，因?yàn)槿祟惐婚W電擊中的幾率要比被鯊魚攻擊的幾率大30倍。句中30

23、times 修飾greater chance ,意思是“30倍。英語中表示程度的狀語一般位于比較 等級(jí)的前面。倍數(shù)的表達(dá)可用下面四個(gè)句型。 A+be+ 倍數(shù)+as+ 形容詞+as + BAsia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲有歐洲四倍那么大。A+be+ 倍數(shù)+ 比較級(jí)+ than + BAsia is three times largerthan Europe.亞洲比歐洲大三倍。 A+be+ 倍數(shù) + the size / length / height / depth / width + of+BAsia is four times the size

24、 of Europe.亞洲面積是歐洲的四倍大。(4) The size / length / height / depth / width + of+A+be+倍數(shù) + that of B.The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.亞洲的面積是歐洲面積的四倍?！咀⒁狻恳⒁庥胻ime表示倍數(shù)，一般只限于表示包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)的三倍或三倍以上；若表示兩倍可用副詞twice或形容詞double 。例如：The street is twice the length of that one.這條街是那條街的二倍長。Ten is double five.十是五

25、的二倍。Unit 2 Language一、Readingbe made up of sth: consist of sth:由組成be composed of sth:Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.A group consisting of 15 boys and 10 boys.occupy: vt. (1)占有，居住(2) 占領(lǐng)，占據(jù)(3) 占用(時(shí)間、空間等) (4) 使忙碌 be occupied in doing sth / with sth:忙于The Jackson family have occupied the apartme

26、nt for one year.The troops have occupied the city for 8 months.Soccer occupies most of my pleasure time.Helen was fully occupied with business matters, so we didn t want to bother her.aside: adv. (1) 在一邊，向一邊 (2) 留著 putf7 set sth aside: (1)把放在一邊(2) 留存aside from sth:除以夕卜(=besides / except )Stand aside

27、 and let these people pass.Set aside some money for your retirement.Aside from the problem, the day was after sth:以命名The class was named after Lei Feng in 1989.play a part / role in sth:在中扮演角色/發(fā)揮作用We have realized the role that oil plays in the economy.contribute (sth) to sb:捐獻(xiàn)()給.；為.做貢

28、獻(xiàn)；給投稿；導(dǎo)致make a contribution to sth:為. 做貢獻(xiàn)We contributed 100,000 yuan to the refugees.Her work has greatly contributed to our understanding of this difficult project.She has contributed (several poems) to the literature magazines.Many factors led to his downfall(倒臺(tái)).The signing of this treaty will ma

29、ke a magnificent contribution to world peace.English-speaking countries:說英語的國家spoken English:英語口語written English:書面英語lead to sth:contribute tosth:l導(dǎo)致result in sth:cause sth:,raise: vt. 舉起，抬起 raise your hand 提高，增力口 raise the wage / raise one s voice 飼養(yǎng)，種植 raise cows / trees籌集 raise money for the Hope

30、 Project 提出 raise a questionwhich led to Old English replacing Celtic. (Page 23, Line 29)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞/名詞所有格+ doing該結(jié)構(gòu)可以作句子的主語、賓語。作賓語時(shí)，物主代詞可以用賓格形式，名詞所有格可以省略s。例如： My / Xiao Ming s coming late made me very angry.I don t mind his / him smoking here.The discovery of new evidence led to.(上海 2003)A. the t

31、hief having caught B. catch the thiefC. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught【解析】答案為C。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合Z勾作賓語，the thief后省略了 s。二、Word powerset a standard for sth:為制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)The statement set a strict standard for the production of the machine.ban: vt. (banned; banning) 禁止，取締ban sb from doing sth:forbid sb f

32、rom doing sth:禁止某人做forbid sb to do sth:John has been banned from driving for a year.The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.banned films:禁放電影n.禁止，禁令The president supports a global ban on nuclear weapons.3. concern:n.關(guān)心，擔(dān)心，憂慮show / have concern for / about / over sth:擔(dān)心be of concern to

33、sb:是擔(dān)心/ 憂慮的 He showed much concern for / about / over her safety.Th The rise in unemployment rate is of great concern to the government.重要或感興趣的事CWhat are your main concerns as a golf player?vt.涉及，關(guān)于，對(duì) 有影響Don t interfere in what doesn t concern you.a book concerning C hinese history.使憂慮，煩惱Our losses

34、are beginning to concern me.忙于，關(guān)心concern oneself with / about sth:忙于 / 關(guān)心There is no need to concern yourself with this matter. We are dealing with it.相關(guān)搭配be concerned about / for sth:擔(dān)心be concerned with sth:與相關(guān)就而言as far as sb be concerned:I was very concerned about his performance in the exam.This

35、story is concerned with a Russian family.As far as I m concerned, good health is more important that money.三、Taskaccess: (1) vt. 進(jìn)入；使用；獲取(資料)We can access the data in the computer.n.通道；(使用接近的)機(jī)會(huì)或權(quán)利t he access to sth: 的通道；的機(jī)會(huì)或權(quán)利have access to sth:有權(quán)接近/使用The only access to the village is to through th

36、e forest.The public don t have access to the documents. sth be accessible to sb:某人可以得到/接近/使用These important books are only accessible to those who have much experience.conclusion:n. (1) 結(jié)束，結(jié)尾At the conclusion of his speech, the professor put forward a new idea.結(jié)論draw / reach / come to / arrive at a

37、conclusion:得出結(jié)論jump to conclusion:草率下結(jié)論in conclusion:總之What conclusions can you draw from the evidence you have hear?We have a long way to finish the task, so don t jump to conclusion.In conclusion, I d like to say all of you have done a good job.四、Projectdiffer from sth:不同于In this respect, French d

38、iffers from Britain.in that:因?yàn)門his situation is complicated in that we have two general managers.hunt: vt. & vi. 打獵，獵殺；搜尋hunt for sth: (=look for)尋找job hunting:求職combine: vt. & vi. 組合，聯(lián)合，結(jié)合 combine sth with sthThe software package combine power and / with flexibility.It s no easy task to combine fam

39、ily responsibility and a full-time job.區(qū)分開sth:distinguish sth from sth:distinguish between sth andWe can t distinguish the cause from the effect.convenient: adj.方便的，便利的ItT s convenient for sb to do sth:某人做方便If it is convenient to you:如果你方便的話 It s convenient for me to use the machine with the softwar

40、e.Come here if it is convenient to you.Unit 3 Back to the past一、Reading.不定式及其變化形式：【一般式：to do被動(dòng)式：to be done(即將)被.完成式：to have done 已經(jīng) 完成被動(dòng)式：to have been done 已經(jīng)被進(jìn)行式：to be doing 正在.i完成進(jìn)行式：to have been doing 一直在I wanted the letter to be typed at once.She seemed to have read the book before.He pretended

41、to be reading a book when I came in.I am sorry to have been interrupting you.The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.2.進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來，表示按照計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，多與表示移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive , leave , fly ,start 等連用。He is leaving for London.他就要啟程去倫敦。 Christmas is drawing near.圣誕節(jié)快到了。take over sth:接

42、管，接收；控制The large company has taken over many small ones.pour: (1) vt. 灌，注，倒 pour sth + 介詞 + sthpour money into sth:對(duì)提供資金pourold water over / on sth:對(duì)潑冷水He poured some water into the glass.You might as well pour the oil down the pipe.vi .涌進(jìn)/涌出；雨傾盆而下The smoke was pouring out of the chimney.She watched

43、 the rain pouring down the windows.5jbe buried alive:被活埋,bury oneself in sth:埋頭于 / 專心于Since he left, he has buried himself in his books.as + 主+ be:按照某人.樣子I like the house better as it is.State the facts as they were.decorate sth with sth:用裝修 / 裝飾 / 美化The house was decorated with various paints and c

44、olours.break down: (1) vi.出故障；崩潰；瓦解；垮掉The telephone system has broken down.Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.Her health broke down under the pressure of work.vt.破壞；分解；分成Firemen had to break down the door to reach the people trapped inside.Sugar and other chemicals are broken down i

45、n the stomach.We broke down the books into 5 kinds.break up: (1) vi.解散；破碎；破裂；絕交break with sb:與絕交The meeting broke up at 7 o clock.The rock broke up on the rocks.Their marriage is breaking up.She has just broken up with her boyfriend.vt.打碎；拆散；結(jié)束，關(guān)閉；劃分break sth up into sth:把分成Jim started to break the

46、ice up on the frozen lake.The ship was broken up for scrap metal.船被拆成廢鐵。They decided to break up their partnership.他們決定拆伙。Sentences can be broken into clauses.ruin: vt.破壞，毀滅n.廢墟，毀壞be / lie in ruins:破敗不堪，垮掉 destroy、ruin、damage的區(qū)另Udestroy :指徹底的、難以修復(fù)的“破壞”、“損壞”；也指名譽(yù)、計(jì)劃、努力等受到損壞。 That will destroy the rep

47、utation of our products.ruin:破壞，(徹底)毀滅。多用于借喻中，表示希望/前程的破滅、健康遭到毀壞等。The news means the ruin of all our hopes.He ruined his prospects(前途)by carelessness.The storm ruined the crops.damage:傷害，損害(對(duì)于價(jià)值和功能白部分性破壞)Smoking will damage your health.【例題】 The flooding the bridge, we can t walk across it forever.A.

48、destroyed B. damage C. harmed D. hurt答案為A。、Word Powerput out sth:撲滅；發(fā)布，出版；生產(chǎn)put out the fire.Police have put out a description of the man they wanted to question.為例讓我們以金屬切削速率為例The plant puts out 500 new cars a week.take sth for example / as an example:Lets take the metal removal rate for example.thr

49、oughout the all over the world遍布全世界worldbrush sth away:刷掉，拂去Please brush away the dirt on my trousers.三、Grammaragree with sth:與.一致；相符合Your account of the fair doesn t agree with mine.drive sb away:使發(fā)瘋Your words nearly drove me away.in good / bad condition:狀況好 / 差come to sth:達(dá)到情況/狀態(tài)(通常指壞的情況)What is t

50、he world coming to?這是怎么回事？Things have come to such a statement in the company that he s thinking of resigning.I don t know what the world has come to.the solution to sth:的解決辦法There are no simple solutions to the problem of overpopulation.四、Taskat sea: 在海上declare: vt.正式宣布；表明；宣稱宣布為宣布.開幕/閉幕對(duì)宣戰(zhàn)declare t

51、hat:declare sb (to be)+ n / adj:declare sth open / closed:declare war on / against sb: The doctor finally declared that the patient was rescued.He was declared (to be ) innocent.I declare the meeting closed.China declared war against Vietnam in 1979.declaration:n.宣言，公告，重要聲明A ceasefire declaration:?；?/p>

52、聲明declare 和 announce 的區(qū)另Udeclare指正式鄭重、莊嚴(yán)地宣布、聲明。announce 含義為“宣布，宣告，預(yù)告，告知“ 。它指宣布人們關(guān)心或原來不知道的事，帶有預(yù)告意 味；而且往往是第一次當(dāng)眾宣布，或以非口頭方式宣布。搭配有：announce sth / that 。例如:We regretted to announce his failure.It has been announced that there will be a celebration on Sunday.五、 Projectrise up against sth:起義反抗People rose up against the invaders(侵略者).take sth back:收回；退回；使回想起I took back my words.Take back the shirt if itdoesn t suit you.Seeing the old photos really took me