英語專業(yè)碩士畢業(yè)論文答辯

1、漢語幽默文本英譯研究以儒林外史原著及其英譯本為個案研究明德 博學 求是 致遠南華大學外國語學院On the English Translation of Chinese Humorous Texts:A Case Study of Ru Lin Wai Shi and its English Version By Wang YingyunSupervised by Professor Ge Lingling2014.05.04南華大學外國語學院The Outline of PresentationWhy?How?What?Research南華大學外國語學院The Contents of Pre

2、sentationResearch Background 1Research Questions & Purposes2南華大學外國語學院The Contents of PresentationTheoretical Framework3Data Collection & Data Analysis4南華大學外國語學院The Contents of PresentationMajor Findings5Limitations & Suggestions6南華大學外國語學院The Contents of PresentationResearch Background 1Major Finding

3、s5Theoretical Framework3Data Collection & Data Analysis4Research Questions & Purposes2Limitations & Suggestions6Ru Lin Wai Shi and its English VersionTranslation MethodsGeneral Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH)The Extended Theory of GTVHChinese Humorous TextsCharacteris-ticsLinguisticsTranslation Studie

4、sVerbal HumorWhy？ 1 Research Background南華大學外國語學院Ru Lin Wai Shi and its English VersionTranslation MethodsGeneral Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH)The Extended Theory of GTVHChinese Humorous TextsCharacteris-ticsLinguisticsTranslation StudiesVerbal HumorWhy？ 1 Research Background南華大學外國語學院南華大學外國語學院Why？ Fi

5、gure 1 Research tendency of Ru Lin Wai Shi (1952-2013)南華大學外國語學院Why？ Figure 2 Research perspectives of Ru Lin Wai Shi南華大學外國語學院Why？ Table 1 Papers on the English translation of Ru Lin Wai Shi (1994-2013)南華大學外國語學院Why？ 2 Research Questions and Purposes 1How does verbal humor come into being?Can the Gene

6、ral Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) well illustrate the generation of verbal humor in long Chinese humorous texts?2What are the most appropriate methods for humor translation?3南華大學外國語學院How？ 3 Theoretical Framework General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) Six knowledge resourcesJoke similarity metricThe E

7、xtended Theory of GTVH Deep knowledge resourcesSurface knowledge resourcesApplication of GTVH and its Extended Theory in This Study 南華大學外國語學院How？ 3.1 General Theory of Verbal Humor(Attardo, 2002: 183)Figure 3 Hierarchical organization of the KRsHumorous TextsSOTASILMNSLA3.2 The Extended Theory of GT

8、VHDeep KRsSurface KRs南華大學外國語學院How？ 南華大學外國語學院How？ 3.3 Application of GTVH and its Extended Theory in This Study3.3.1 Application of six KRs in RLWS(The symbol is annotated with the value of each KR; the symbol is annotated with an empty value.)Table 2 Data type in the databaseHow？ 3.3.2 Application o

9、f joke similarity metric in The ScholarsFigure 4 Adapting the metric of joke similarity to humor translation南華大學外國語學院3.3.3 Application of the Extended Theory of GTVH in RLWSHow？ (Ge Lingling, 2012: 42)Figure 5 Relation between deep KRs & Surface KRs in Chinese humorous texts南華大學外國語學院How？ 4 Data Coll

10、ection & Data Analysis4.1 Data collectionCriteria for data collectionRepresentativenessSizeSampling4.2 Process of database compilationInput of the dataTokenizationAlignmentTagging the language materials4.3 Statistical results南華大學外國語學院4.2.1 Input of the dataHow？ Table 3 The design of archive南華大學外國語學院

11、4.2.2 TokenizationHow？ Figure 6 Extracted source text and target text after tokenization南華大學外國語學院How？ 4.2.3 AlignmentFigure 7 The model of alignment南華大學外國語學院How？ 4.2.4 Tagging the language materialsTable 4 Annotation of samples in the database南華大學外國語學院How？ Table 5 Annotation of translation methods i

12、n the database南華大學外國語學院How？ 4.3.1 Data type in Ru Lin Wai ShiFigure 8 The distribution of data type (214 in total)南華大學外國語學院How？ 4.3.2 KRs reserved in The ScholarsFigure 9 KRs reserved in the TT南華大學外國語學院How？ Figure 10 Relation between HE & KRs reserved in TT南華大學外國語學院How？ 4.3.3 Humor generated by RD &

13、 Cas.Of all the 214 mini-humorous discources in the database, more than 81 generate humor with the help of Chinese alien aources.南華大學外國語學院How？ Figure 10 Relation between HE & KRs reserved in TTFigure 11 The proportion of rhetorical devices in verbal humor南華大學外國語學院How？ 4.3.4 Translation methods南華大學外國

14、語學院How？ Table 6 Methods of humor translation applied in The Scholars南華大學外國語學院How？ Figure 12 The proportion of humor reserved in each translation methodMajor FindingsThe General Theory of Verbal HumorThe Characteristics of Chinese Humorous TextsThe Methods of Humor TranslationWhat？ 南華大學外國語學院5 Major F

15、indings南華大學外國語學院What？ 1 The statistics in Figure 8 show that all the data in the database fall into two types, which is consistent with theoretical expectations of the GTVH. Therefore, it is proved that the GTVH can provide an analytic framework not only for short jokes, but also for long humorous t

16、exts.南華大學外國語學院What？ 2 The statistics in Figure 11 show that the generation of verbal humor contained in Chinese humorous texts relies heavily on rhetorical devices and Chinese alien sources.Examples南華大學外國語學院E.g.: (1) ST: 知縣心里想道：“這小廝那里害甚么病！想是翟家走下鄉(xiāng) 狐假虎威，著實恐嚇了他一場” (P. 14) H SO真實的vs.非真實的 (奴才vs.狐貍)LM并置SI

17、 上下文TA具體的對象 (第三方：翟買辦)NS獨 白 (暗喻)LACas. (狐假虎威)What？ 南華大學外國語學院E.g.: (2) ST: 遲衡山道：“少卿妙論，令我聞之如飲醍醐?！?余和聲道：“那邊醍醐來了！” (P. 820) H SO真實的vs.非真實的 (酒vs.醍醐)LM虛假類比 SI上下文TA無NS對話 (借代)LACas. (醍 醐)What？ 南華大學外國語學院E.g.: (3) ST: 范進因沒有盤費，走去同丈人商議，被胡屠戶一口啐在 臉上，罵了一個狗血噴頭 (P. 68) H SO真實的vs.非真實的 (大罵vs.狗血噴頭)LM夸大 SI上下文TA具體的對象 (第三方

18、：范進)NS 敘述 (夸張)LACas. (狗血噴頭)What？ 南華大學外國語學院What？ 3 The statistics in Table 6 show that there are mainly six translation methods for verbal humor in all. Literal translation that occupies 48.1% takes up the largest proportion among the six. Paraphrase is the second frequently-applied translation metho

19、d that takes 31%. As for substitution, synthesization, annotation and omission, the proportion is much less than that of literal translation and paraphrase.南華大學外國語學院What？ 4 The statistics in Figure 12 illustrate the following points: Literal translation shows its absolute advantage in translating hu

20、morous discourses, as long as Chinese alien sources are not involved. Substitution is a suitable method to translate humor triggered by some certain Chinese alien sources which have their counterparts in English.When translating humor triggered by Chinese alien sources with no equivalent expressions

21、 in the target language, annotation and synthesization are applicable methods. Paraphrase and omission usually lead to the failure of humor transference.南華大學外國語學院What？ ST: 那兩位舅爺王德、王仁，坐著就像泥塑木雕的一般，總不置一個可否。 (P. 162) H SO真實的vs.非真實的 (王德、王仁vs.泥塑木雕)LM并置SI上下 文TA具體的對象 (第三方：王德、王仁)NS評論 (明喻)LA比 喻詞 (像一般)TT: As f

22、or Wang De and Wang Ren, they sat there like wooden figures, and would not express any opinion. (P. 163) H SO LM SI TA NS LA LT南華大學外國語學院What？ Sub.ST: 知縣心里想道：“這小廝那里害甚么?。∠胧堑约易呦锣l(xiāng)狐假虎威，著實 恐嚇了他一場” (P. 14) H SO真實的vs.非真實的 (奴才vs.狐貍)LM并置SI上下文TA 具體的對象 (第三方：翟買辦)NS獨白 (暗喻)LACas. (狐假虎威) TT: .He thought, “How can t

23、he fellow be ill? Its all the fault of this rascal Zhai. He goes down to the villages like a donkey in a lions hide, and he must havescared this painter fellow out of his wits.” (P. 15) H SO LM SI TA NS LA南華大學外國語學院What？ An.ST: 蕭金鉉笑道：“將來我們在這里住，豈但買辦廚子是用兩個人，還要牽一 頭禿驢與那買東西的人騎著來往，更走的快！” (P. 680) H SO真實的vs

24、.非真實的 (和尚vs.禿驢)LM虛假類比SI上下文 TA具體的對象 (第三方：和尚)NS對話 (借代)LACas. (禿驢)TT: “When we stay here,” said Xiao with a laugh, “in addition to a cook and a man servant, well have a bald-headed ass to drive to market. That will save time!” (P. 681)An.: Chinese Buddhist monks have their heads completely shaved; so “

25、bald-headed ass” is a term of abuse for monks. H SO LM SI TA NS LA南華大學外國語學院What？ ST: “我們沒理由，今日為他得罪嚴老大，老虎頭上撲蒼蠅怎的？” (P.162) H SO真實的vs.非真實的 (得罪嚴老大vs.老虎頭上撲蒼蠅)LM并置 SI上下文TA無NS對話 (引用)LA歇后語 (老虎頭上撲蒼蠅 )TT: “Why should we offend Senior Licentiate Yan for her sake? Only fools catch flies on a tigers head.” (P.1

26、63) H SO LM SI TA NS LA Syn.南華大學外國語學院What？ Pa.ST: “他沒脊骨的事多哩” (P. 96) H SO正常的vs.不正常的 (沒脊骨的人vs.沒脊骨的事)LM虛假類比 SI上下文TA具體的對象 (第三方：張靜齋)NS對話 (擬人)LA 沒脊骨的事TT: “Mr. Zhang has done many unprincipled things!” (P. 97) H SO LM SI TA NS LA南華大學外國語學院What？ Om.ST: 正說著，季葦蕭走了出來，笑說道：“你們在這里講鹽呆子的故事？我近 日聽見說，揚州是六精。”辛東之道：“是五精罷

27、了，那里六精？”季 葦蕭道：“是六精的狠！我說與你聽！他轎里是坐的債精，抬轎的是牛 精，跟轎的是屁精，看門的是謊精，家里藏著的是妖精，這是五精了。 而今時作，這些鹽商頭上戴的是方巾，中間定是一個水晶結(jié)子，合起來 是六精?！闭f罷，一齊笑了。捧上面來吃。 (P. 668) H SO真實的vs.非真實的 (鹽商生活圈中的人vs.六精)LM類比SI 上下文TA具體的對象 (第三方：揚州鹽商生活圈內(nèi)的人)NS對話 (暗喻)LA債精、牛精、屁精、謊精、妖精TT: Just then Ji Weixiao came back. Noodles were served, and the four of the

28、m sat down to table. (P. 669) H SO LM SI TA NS LA南華大學外國語學院6 Limitations and SuggestionsTo begin with, the present research is restricted in one specific literary workRu Lin Wai Shi, and other long Chinese humorous texts are left untouched. In fact, besides this novel, there are so many other Chinese

29、 classical literature full of humorous elements. Thus, the sphere of the research seems relatively narrow.Then, although the GTVH is more developed than any other theory in humor research, it is still nothing more than a very early draft of a model, which is lack of strong empirical support. So, it

30、is expected that the present research will be a quantitative study for the interpretation of the GTVH.6.1 Limitations of the present research南華大學外國語學院Last but not the least, the categorization of verbal humor in Ru Lin Wai Shi is much wider than the cases listed in this thesis. And the translation m

31、ethods which have been analyzed in view of the GTVH and rhetorical devices may be far from exhausted. The author only analyzes each method for humor translation in a descriptive way. Hence, it leaves much room for further research.南華大學外國語學院6.2 Suggestions for future researchOn the one hand, more res

32、earches should be conducted on the General Theory of Verbal Humor in order to fulfill and extend the study of this theory and its practice. Therefore, it is necessary to enlarge samples of other literary works so as to get more convincing data.On the other hand, more efforts should be made to seek f

33、or the appropriate methods for humor translation. As a result, the target readers would have more chances to appreciate humor conveyed in Chinese literary works.南華大學外國語學院BibliographyAlexander, R. Verbal Humor and Variation in English: Sociolinguistic Notes on A Variety of Jokes J. Beitrge zur Fremds

34、prachenvermittlung aus dem Konstanzer Sprachlerinstitut (SLI), 1984, (14): 53-63.Antonopoulou, E. A Cognitive Approach to Literary Humor Devices: Translating Raymond Chandler J. The Translator, 2002, 8 (2): 195-220.Attardo, S. A Multiple-level Analysis of Jokes J. Humor, 1989, 2 (4): 417-440.Attardo

35、, S. Script Theory Revisited: Joke Similarity and Joke Representation Model J. Humor, 1991, 3 (4): 293-347.Attardo, S. Linguistic Theories of Humor M. Berlin. New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1994. Attardo, S. Humorous Texts: A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis M. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2001. Attardo,

36、 S. Translation and Humor: An Approach Based on the General Theory of Verbal Humor (GTVH) J. The Translator, 2002, 8 (2): 173-194.Austin, J. L. How to Do Things with Words M Cambridge (Mass.), 1962.Baker, P. & McEnery, A. A Glossary of Corpus Linguistics M. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 200

37、6.Bally, C. Trait de Stylistique Franaise M. Heidelberg: Winter. 2nd ed, 1921/1909.Bassnett, S. Translation Studies M. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2003.南華大學外國語學院Berger, Arthur Asa. The Art of Comedy Writing M. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers, 1997.Bergson, H. Laughter: An

38、 essay on the meaning of the comic M. New York: Macmillan, 1911/1899.Chiaro, D. The Language of Jokes: Analyzing Verbal Play M. New York: Routledge, 1992.Coulson, S. Semantic Leaps: Frame-shifting and Conceptual Blending in Meaning Constuction M. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2

39、000.Coulson, S. Reasoning and Rhetoric: Conceptual Blending in Political and Religious Rhetoric M. In Integration, ed. B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2003.Davies, C. Ethnic Humor Around the World M. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990.Fauconnier, G. Mental Spaces:

40、Aspects of Meaning Construction in Natural Language M. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.Fauconnier, G. Mappings in Thought and Language M. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997.Fauconnier, G. & Turner, M. Conceptual Integration Networks J. Cognitive Science, 1998, (22): 133-187.

41、南華大學外國語學院Fishman, J. A. The Relationship between Micro- and Macro-Sociolinguistics in the Study of Who Speaks What Language to Whom and When M. Harmonds worth: Penguin, 1972.Gale, W. A. & Church, K. W. A Program of Aligning Sentences in Bilingual Corpora M. Berkeley: CA, 1991.Ge, Lingling & He, Yuan

42、jian. A Preliminary Study on Humor Translation Based on A Chinese-English Bilingual Parallel Corpus J. International Journal of Translation, 2010, 22 (1-2): 77-92.Greimas, A. J. Engl. Tr. Structural Semantics M. Lincoln: U. Of Nebraska, 1983/1966.Grice, H. P. Logic and Conversation J Syntax and Sema

43、ntics, 1975, (3): 41-58.He, Yuanjian. Translating Alien Sources from and into Chinese: What does the Translator do, and why? J. Translating China, 2009: 207-228.Hickey, Leo. Perlocutionary Equivalence: Marking, Exegesis and Re-contextualization C. The Pragmatics of Translation C. Shanghai：Shanghai F

44、oreign Language Education Press, 2001.Kennedy, G. An Introduction to Corpus Linguistics M. London: Longman, 1998.Laurian, Anne-Marie . Humor et Traduction/Humor and Translation C. A special Issue of Meta: Journal des Traductors/Journal of Translators, 1989.Morreall, J. Verbal Humor without Switching

45、 Scripts and without Non-bona Fide Communication J. Humor, 2004, 17 (4): 393-400.南華大學外國語學院Newmark, P. A Textbook of Translation M. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1998.Olohan, M. Introducing Corpora in Translation Studies M. London and New York: Routledge, 2004.Raskin, V. Script

46、-based Semantics: A Brief Outline J. Quaderni di Semantica, 1985, 6 (2): 306-313.Raskin, V. Semantic Mechanisms of Humor M. Dordrecht-Boston-Lancaster: D. Reidel, 1985.Raskin, V. & Attardo, S. Script Theory Revis(it)ed: Joke Similarity and Joke Representation Model J. Humor, 1991, 4 (3): 293-347.Ruc

47、h, W. & Attardo, S. & Raskin, V. Toward An Empirical Verification of the General Theory of Verbal Humor J. Humor, 1993, 6 (2): 123-136.Searle, J. Indirect Speech Acts J. Syntax and Semantics, 1975, (3): 59-82.Sperber, D. & Wilson, D. Relevance: Communication and Cognition M. Oxford/Cambridge: Blackw

48、ell Publishers, 1995.陳春華. 會話幽默的語用分析 J. 解放軍外國語學院學報, 1999, 22 (1): 21-24.陳美林. 試論儒林外史中的勢利描寫紀念吳敬梓逝世250周年 J. 中華文化論壇, 2004: 82-87. 陳倩. 儒林外史楊憲益譯本中“春秋筆法”的翻譯策略 J. 內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報(社會科學版), 2011, 13 (4): 369-370.南華大學外國語學院陳望道. 修辭學發(fā)凡 M. 上海: 上海教育出版社, 2001.陳孝英. 論幽默的難譯性 J. 中國翻譯, 1985: 15-17.崔中良. 原型理論視角下的明喻意象翻譯策略研究 J. 成都師范

49、學院學報, 2013, 29 (9): 94-97.董桂榮, 馮奇. 概念整合理論對幽默理解的解釋力 J. 上海電機學院學報, 2006,(1). 董莉榮. 淺談英語幽默語言的漢譯 J. 肇慶學院學報, 2001, 22 (3): 51-53. 董振東. 漢語分詞研究漫談 J. 語言文字應用, 1997, (1): 107-112.馮翠華. 英語修辭大全 M. 北京: 外語教學與研究出版社, 2004.戈玲玲. 論幽默文本中本源概念的翻譯模式基于漢英雙語平行語料庫的研究 J. 外語學刊, 2011, (1): 117-122.戈玲玲, 何元建. 基于言語幽默概論的漢語幽默文本特征研究 J. 外

50、國語, 2012, 35 (4): 35-44.戈玲玲, 何元建. 從言語幽默概論視角探討漢語言語幽默的翻譯以圍城原著及英譯本為例 J. 中國翻譯, 2012, (4): 108-111.何謙衛(wèi). 儒林外史中春秋筆法的理解與翻譯 J. 海南師范學院學報(社會科學版), 2003, 16 (4): 138-140.胡范鑄. 幽默語言學 M. 上海: 上海社會科學院出版社, 1987.蔣冰清. 言語幽默生成機制的認知研究概念合成理論和背離與常規(guī)理論的互補性研究 J. 西安外國語大學學報, 2007, 15 (4): 19-22.南華大學外國語學院蔣學軍. 論英語幽默言語的翻譯 J. 南華大學學報(

51、社會科學版), 2001, 2 (1): 52-55.蔣勇. 從隱性空間復合論看幽默理解時的語義躍遷 J. 山東外語教學, 2003, (1): 25-31. 金紹禹. 翻譯研究論文集(1949-1983)C. 北京: 外語教學與研究出版社, 1984.金文韜. 儒林外史英譯本中的文化缺省及其補償策略 D. 中國優(yōu)秀博碩士學位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫, 2009. 李冰. 儒林外史及其英譯本替代銜接手段對比研究 J. 語文學刊: 外語教育教學, 2010, (4): 110-115.李冰. 儒林外史及英譯本指示照應銜接手段對比 J. 棗莊學院學報, 2011, 28 (3): 109-112.李國生.

52、論儒林外史的諷刺藝術 J. 西北師大學報(社會科學版), 1964: 67-75.李漢秋. 吳敬梓的諷刺三重奏 范進中舉笑聲賞析 J. 名作欣賞, 1981: 4-10. 李慶榮. 現(xiàn)代實用漢語修辭 M. 北京: 北京大學出版社, 2010.李小霞, 鄢宏福. 儒林外史諷刺風格的翻譯 J. 長沙鐵道學院學報(社會科學版), 2009, 10 (4): 58-60.李銀方, 袁彩虹. 論英語幽默語言的構成 J. 洛陽大學學報, 1999, 14 (1): 80-83.南華大學外國語學院廖永煌, 李國全. 對儒林外史結(jié)尾詞沁園春的翻譯研究 J. 云南師范大學學報(哲學社會科學版), 1997, 2

53、6 (5): 76-79. 劉福長. 從 “合作原則” 看英語幽默的產(chǎn)生 J. 現(xiàn)代外語, 1987, (2): 32-36.劉鶴巖. 儒林外史與黑色幽默 J. 錦州師范學院學報(哲學社會科學版), 2003, 25 (2): 6-10. 劉宓慶. 文體與翻譯 M. 北京: 中國對外翻譯出版公司, 1998.劉宓慶. 新編當代翻譯理論 M. 北京：中國對外翻譯出版社, 2005.劉乃實, 熊學亮. 淺析言語幽默的維護面子功能 J. 外語教學, 2003, 24 (6): 10-13.劉重德. 英漢比較與翻譯 M. 青島: 青島出版社, 1998.婁珍蓮. 認知語境與幽默言語的理解 J. 湖南工

54、程學院學報(社會科學版), 2005, 15 (1):41-43.盧炳群. 英漢辭格比較與唐詩英譯散論 M. 青島: 青島出版社, 2003.魯迅. 中國小說史略 A. 魯迅全集(第八卷) C. 北京: 人民文學出版社, 1961.呂光旦. 英語幽默的語用分析 J. 外國語 (上海外國語學院學報), 1988, (1): 53-56.呂光旦. 英語幽默中的雙關 J. 外國語(上海外國語學院學報), 1991, (1): 61-64.呂琳瓊. 幽默和幽默翻譯析圍城及其英譯本 J. 廣東外語外貿(mào)大學學報, 2007, 18 (4): 29-32.南華大學外國語學院馬孟春. 文學翻譯中文化缺省現(xiàn)象及

55、其對策 D. 中國優(yōu)秀博碩士學位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫, 2008.毛榮貴. 英語幽默語言漢譯漫談 J. 外國語(上海外國語學院學報), 1992, (1): 48-52.毛榮貴. 英語幽默語言欣賞 M. 上海: 上海社會科學院出版社, 1993.孟非. 儒林外史裡面的兩類“讀書人”J. 文史哲, 1952: 42-44. 歐陽利鋒. 如何翻譯幽默 J. 廣東外語外貿(mào)大學學報, 2002, (3): 49-54.潘慧蘭. 儒林外史英譯本中敘事語式的重建 D. 中國優(yōu)秀博碩士學位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫, 2008. 翟振業(yè). 談談幽默的修辭作用 J. 當代修辭學, 1983: 59-60.師靜. 英語幽默中的歧義現(xiàn)象 J. 解放軍外國語學院學報, 2000, 23 (2): 35-37. 蘇奕華. 功能翻譯理論視域中語言模因幽默的翻譯 J. 外語學刊, 2013, (3): 90-94. 譚達人. 幽默與言語幽默 M. 北京: 生活. 讀書. 新知三聯(lián)書店, 1997.王克非. 新型雙語對應語料庫的設計與構建 J. 中國翻譯, 2004, 25 (6): 62.王南. 淺談幽默翻譯 J. 中國翻譯, 1984: 26-28. 王雪. 論儒林外史的喜劇性描寫 D. 中國優(yōu)秀博碩士學位論文全文數(shù)據(jù)庫, 2013. 王勇. 由關聯(lián)理論看幽默言語 J. 外語教學, 20