情態(tài)動詞(完整整理版)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)情態(tài)動詞 1. 情態(tài)動詞的推測表達(dá) 2. 情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)虛擬語氣 3. 某些情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法 一、知識重點與難點總結(jié) 知識重點： 情態(tài)動詞在表達(dá)推測意義的句子中的運用： （一）用情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)事實的推測。can，could，might，may，must可以用來表達(dá)對事實的推測。根據(jù)說話人對事實的把握性大小，must表示“肯定”，may / might / can / could表示“可能”， must只用于肯定句中，may / might的否定式may not / mig

2、ht not表示 “可能不”, 而can / could可以用于疑問句，表示“可能，可能嗎?”，其否定式cant / couldnt 表示“不可能”。用情態(tài)動詞可以對現(xiàn)在或過去的事實進(jìn)行推測。對不同的時間內(nèi)容推測有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。（二）對現(xiàn)在的事實進(jìn)行推測： 主要結(jié)構(gòu)：must / may / might +動詞原形 be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語 be + doing 例句： 1. You must be Jeanne. Im Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well. 2. They must be in bed already

3、at this time of the night. 3. The teacher must be joking. 4. Freda isnt in class. She must be sick. 5. There must be something wrong. 6. She might be very clever, but she hasnt got much common sense. 7. He may be arriving this evening. 8. He may be traveling around the world. 9. The keys cant be in

4、the room. I have just searched it very carefully. 10. Can the news be true?（三）對過去的事實進(jìn)行推測：結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞+have done / been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語 例句： 1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth. 2. He couldnt have seen Anna yesterday. Shes gone abroad. 3. I think I must have left my glasses in the librar

5、y. 4. He might have overslept again. 5. Where can Tom have gone ? 情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)虛擬語氣：表達(dá)“本來”，“不然早就”。這是情態(tài)動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實相反。表達(dá)了說話人的埋怨，后悔的語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是在一些情態(tài)動詞后面加 have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的意思，有如下結(jié)構(gòu)： should have done / ought to have done：本應(yīng)該 shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done：本不該 could have done：本來可以 neednt

6、 have done：本來沒必要 would like to have done：本來很想 would rather not have done: 本來不愿意 could / might / have done: 不然早就 例句： 1. You shouldnt have laughed at his mistakes. 2. You could have told us earlier. 3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week. 4. You ought not to have spent so much time in rea

7、ding novels. 5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train. 6. They would like to have seen that film last film. 7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him. 8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知識難點： 某些情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法： need 和dare 的兩種形式的用法 n

8、eed 和dare可以用做實義動詞，后面接不定式（to do）結(jié)構(gòu)，在疑問句和否定句中，加助動詞do/does/did/或dont/doesnt/didnt。作為情態(tài)動詞使用時，主要用于疑問句和否定句中。情態(tài)動詞neednt（沒有必要，不必）相當(dāng)于dont have to 例句： 1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes. 2. Need I stay here with you for a while? Thank you, you neednt. 3. How dare you speak to parents like that?

9、 注意： 句型I dare say+從句。 意思是：我肯定 = Im sure或There is no doubt that+從句。 例句： I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die. will和would 表示“意志”或“愿意”，would 則指過去愿意做 例句： 1. He said that he would help us. 2. You may telephone if you will accept this job. would可以表達(dá)“過去習(xí)慣做”類似于“used to do”例句： 1. When we were

10、 children, we would go swimming every summer in that river. 表示請求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do? / Would you like to do? 例句：Will/Would you please give him a message when you see him ? shall 1. 用于第一，三人稱，表示“請求”；“建議” 或“推薦” 例句： 1. Shall we start the meeting now? 2. Shall I watch TV now? 3. Shall my son

11、carry the case for you? 2. 用于第二人稱，表示“命令，“要求”，“許諾” 例句： 1. You shall take whatever you like. 2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again. 在表示推測的否定句或疑問句中，常用can /cant /could / couldnt表示，意思是：“可能嗎?”；“不可能”。而不能使用mustnt或must等詞?！镜湫屠}】 1. Do you think he will do me a favor ? As far

12、 as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _ be prepared to give you a hand, though. A. might B. must C. can D. should 分析：本題考查情態(tài)動詞推測性用法。 根據(jù)he is the last one to help others.（他是最不可能幫助別人的人），既然如此，那么“幫助你”的可能性也就最小了。 答案為A 2. Look, someone is coming. Guess who it _ be ? I think it _ be Tom. I dont t

13、hink it _ be _ . A. can ; must ; can ; he B. may ; can ; must ; him C. must ; can ; must ; his D. might ; must ; can ; himself 分析：根據(jù)備選答案。 can表示推測時用于疑問句或否定句中。本題首句就應(yīng)該是Guess who can it be? 第二句應(yīng)該是I think it must be Tom.（說話人十分肯定）。第三句表達(dá)了說話人對前一個人的否定。即：I dont think it can be him/he.（不可能是他）。答案為A 3. Do you kn

14、ow Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ? Sure. She _ around the campus now. A. must be walking B. must walk C. may walk D. may be walking 分析：關(guān)鍵詞Sure告訴我們說話人的口氣十分肯定。根據(jù)句子語境：她此刻肯定正在校園散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。答案為A 4. I stayed at a hotel in New York. Oh, did you ? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed

15、B. could stay C. would say D. must have stayed 分析：首句說：我在紐約住在一家賓館里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D選項不合題意。第二句在說：你本來可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done表示：本來可以。答案為A 5. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _ all the way here through the heavy snow. A. neednt have driven B. cant have driven C. mustnt have d

16、riven D. shouldnt have driven 分析：根據(jù)句意：你為什么不告訴我今天沒有會？我本來沒必要冒著大雪開車跑這么多路。Neednt have done表示本來沒必要。答案為A 6. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 分析：根據(jù)句意：我真的很擔(dān)心你，你真不應(yīng)該一句話都不說就離開家?！半x開家”已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。Should have done正好表達(dá)了

17、本句的意思。答案為B 7. A：Are you coming to Jeffs party ? B：Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 分析：根據(jù)B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去聽音樂會。Might表示推測：可能。答案為D 8. A：I promise that she _ get a nice present on her birthday. B：Will it be a big surprise to her ? A. should B. must C. would

18、D. shall 分析：A說：“我答應(yīng)她在生日聚會上她會得到一份生日禮物。shall表示許諾。答案為D【模擬試題】 1. A：Is John coming by train ? B：He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 2. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived

19、 D. should be arriving 3. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm and gone to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 4. You _ be tiredYouve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not 5. I didnt go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down. You _ m

20、ine. I wasnt using it. A. might borrow B. could have borrowed C. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow 6. A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband. It _ her husband. He has been dead for ages. A. mustnt be B. couldnt have been C. may not have been D. mustnt have been【試題答案】 1. 分析：根據(jù)B的回答“

21、他應(yīng)該（坐火車來），但是也不一定，他喜歡開自己的車。本題考查了情態(tài)動詞的推測用法。may表示不十分有把握的推測。答案為D 2. 分析：根據(jù)句意：White先生本應(yīng)該在8:30到這里出席會議的，可他（在8:30）沒有到場。Should have done表示：本應(yīng)該。答案為A 3. 分析：本句是說話人在解釋遲到的原因：我或許是關(guān)掉鬧鐘又睡了。might have done 表示對過去的推測：可能已經(jīng)答案為A 4. 分析：根據(jù)后半句Youve only been working for an hour.（你才剛干了一個小時）說明 You _ be tired（你不可能很累），cant 表示“不可能

22、”答案為C 5. 分析：聽到對方說“昨天車壞了而沒去上班”，第二個人說“你本來可以借我的車去 上班?！?本來可以/能：could have done. 答案為B 6. 分析：第二個人是說：那個人不可能是她丈夫，因為她丈夫已經(jīng)去世多年了。根據(jù)對 話的語境，是在談?wù)撨^去的事，表示過去不可能：could not have done 答案為：B二、“情態(tài)動詞+完成式”1. “should（ought to）+完成式”表示本應(yīng)該做某事而實際上沒有做。其否定式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last we

23、ek. A ought to tell B would have toldC must tell D should have toldOh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I _ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eatenC. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat2. “could+完成式”表示本來能夠做成某事的但結(jié)果沒能做成，含有遺憾的意味。He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered f

24、ree. A. could B. would C. must D. need3. “neednt+不定式的完成式”表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事。例如：You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要澆花的，因為天就要下雨了。 Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shoul

25、dnt have done三、常見的情態(tài)動詞1. shall用于一、三人稱疑問句表示征求對方意見；用于二、三人稱陳述句表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides，” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shallExcuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. You _ have my c

26、omputer if you dont take care of it. A. shant B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do2. must用于疑問句，表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏偏，偏要”；mustnt表示禁止，是說話人強有力的勸告。John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour？ A. Must B. Can

27、C. May D. NeedTom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this！A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not3. neednt表示“沒有必要”。 Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt4. would表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。When he was there, he _ go to

28、 that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A. would B. should C. had better D. might5. 表示經(jīng)過努力而成功的某一次動作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could6. 考查情態(tài)動詞用作答語的情況Write to me when you get hom

29、e. _. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can Could I call you by your first name？Yes, you _. A. will B. could C. may D. might鞏固練習(xí)：1. Michael _ be a policeman, for he is much too short.A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may2. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her.A. had to write it out

30、B. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out3. Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.A. mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrivedC. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrived4. Sir, you _be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children o

31、nly.A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt5. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.A. should B. can C. must D. will6. Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may7. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A. can B. will C. may D