豬的呼吸道病

1、Pig Respiratory Disease Control豬呼吸道病控制的基本點作者：Dr. L.D. Firkins, DVM, MS, MBAUniversity of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine美國伊利諾斯大學獸醫(yī)學院 Causes of Respiratory Disease引起呼吸道病的原因Bacteria- 細菌- Involved in almost all respiratory disease. 幾乎與所有呼吸道病都有關(guān)- Respiratory tract is warm, moist, and nutrient ri

2、ch, thus ideal for bacteria.呼吸道溫暖，潮濕，有營養(yǎng)，是細菌理想的生存環(huán)境Causes of Respiratory Disease引起呼吸道病的原因BacteriaMost bacteria reach the lungs via the air, but some reach the lungs via the blood, are trapped in the capillary network.多數(shù)細菌通過空氣進入肺部，一些由血液到達肺部后被 毛細血管網(wǎng)吸附Causes of Respiratory Disease 引起呼吸道病的原因Virus-病毒Viru

3、ses generally enter pig via airways.病毒通常由空氣進入豬體內(nèi)Viruses are looking for cells to take over.病毒在尋找細胞以取代之Causes of Respiratory Disease 引起呼吸道病的原因Viruses damage cells lining the respiratory tract, and damage immune cells in resp. tract.病毒破壞呼吸道內(nèi)的細胞，進而破壞呼吸道內(nèi)的免疫細胞If the pig survives, it becomes immune, but

4、may become a “carrier”.如果豬幸免一死，變得有免疫力，也可能變成攜帶者Factors Affecting Respiratory DiseaseExtreme heat 過熱Chilling 過冷Parasite migration 寄生蟲入侵Toxic gases H2S, NH4 有毒氣體支原體 MycoplasmaSlowly developing, chronic infection.緩慢發(fā)病，慢性感染By itself, seldom makes pig obviously sick.支原體本身很少引起豬明顯的表現(xiàn)疾病支原體 MycoplasmaDamage t

5、o defenses of lung leads to serious bacterial lung disease, especially if in combination with viruses such as pseudorabies and PRRS.肺部防御系統(tǒng)的破壞，尤其當病毒如偽狂犬病和藍耳病，同時侵入時，引致嚴重的細菌性肺部疾病，Vaccination + All-in/All-out produces best control of this problem. Pulse medication may be needed免疫+全進全出式管理，控制疾病效果理想。胸膜肺炎放線

6、桿菌 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeThis bacteria produces a potent tissue-destroying toxin.此細菌產(chǎn)生可能破壞組織的毒素Sudden death with bloody froth at nose is typical.典型癥狀是鼻腔泡沫性出血，突然死亡Death loss can be more than 10% in growing pigs.生長豬的死亡率可高于 10胸膜肺炎放線桿菌 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeLung lesions are typical but

7、 can be confused with salmonella. Can be in combination with PRV.肺病變是典型癥狀，但易與沙門氏桿菌混淆，可能與偽狂犬病共同發(fā)作 Injectable antibiotics essential in outbreak. 爆發(fā)期間應注射抗生素All-in/All-out, Better ventilation, Vaccines全進全出，較好的通風，免疫Strategies Against Circovirus & Influenza圓環(huán)病毒和流感的防制策略Increasing problems for producers發(fā)病越來

8、越多Tremendous economic impact on production造成巨大經(jīng)濟損失Tremendous frustration with producers and veterinarians給養(yǎng)豬者和收益帶來巨大挫折Requires farm specific diagnostic and prevention efforts from producers and their veterinarians診斷和預防措施必須因豬場情況不同而異Circovirus: PCV2, PMWS圓環(huán)病毒: 斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征Post-weaning Multisystemic Wa

9、sting Syndrome PMWS斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征Porcine Circovius type 2: PCV2 型豬圓環(huán)病毒PCV2First cases in 1991 首例報道于1991年Circovirus Diagnosis圓環(huán)病毒診斷Clinical signs: Wasting and weight loss with swollen lymph nodes臨床癥狀: 消耗性瘦弱，體重減輕，淋巴結(jié)腫脹Histologic lesions: Depletion of lymphoid tissues 組織學病變: 淋巴組織衰竭PCV2 infection: Prefera

10、bly via demonstration of PCV2 antigen (IHC) PCV2 感染: 最常通過顯現(xiàn)PCV2抗原(IHC)PMWS: Circovirus斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征：圓環(huán)病毒Material and slides in this presentation provided by two leading researchers in this area:本講座中的材料和投影片由本地區(qū)主要研究人員提供Dr. Xiang-Jin Meng (originally from China), Virginia Tech 孟博士(原本來自中國)，弗吉尼亞理工學院Dr. Pa

11、t Halbur, Iowa State University Pat Halbur博士，伊阿華州立大學Trend in total cases of PCV2-associated diseases at ISU-VDL與PCV2有關(guān)疾病總發(fā)病情況的趨勢(伊阿華州立大學)PCV2 Associated PneumoniaPCV2引起的肺炎Complicated (add PRRSV, SIV, M. hyo., etc)復雜(加上豬繁殖和呼吸綜合征，豬流感病毒，豬肺炎支原體)Dyspnea/thumping, coughing, wasting, ulcers at 4-20 weeks o

12、f age 420周齡呼吸困難、咳嗽、潰瘍Poor response to conventional treatment protocols 常規(guī)治療效果不佳Often the submitting veterinarian suspects proliferative ileitis or salmonellosis 送檢的獸醫(yī)常常懷疑是增生性回腸炎或沙門氏菌病Usually have moderately thickened small intestine that is easily confused grossly with ileitis 常見小腸有一定程度的增厚，從眼觀病變上看容易

13、與回腸炎混淆Abundant PCV2 antigen in lamina propria and Peyers patches associated with the lesions病灶中常見粘膜固有層和派伊爾氏淋巴集結(jié)中有PCV2抗原PCV2 Associated EnteritisPCV2引起的腸炎Most common in gilt litters or new start-up herds 最常見于頭胎仔豬和新建立的豬群中May involve mixing PCV2 negative/positive sources?可能由于PCV2陰性和陽性來源的豬混群飼養(yǎng)Increased

14、mummified fetuses, abortions, stillbirths胎兒木乃伊化、流產(chǎn)、死產(chǎn)數(shù)增加Typically very sporadic and short duration with minimal losses通常呈現(xiàn)非常散發(fā)性，并且持續(xù)期也短，損失很小PCV2 Reproductive FailurePCV2所致繁殖障礙The Role of Co-Infections并發(fā)感染的作用PCV2 and Parvovirus co-infection increases the incidence and severity of clinical signs PCV2和

15、細小病毒感染同時發(fā)生，會提高發(fā)病率并加重臨床癥狀PCV2 and Mycoplasma co-infection results in severe disease characterized by coughing, labored breathing, lethargy and decreased growth PCV2和支原體同時感染會加重病情，表現(xiàn)為咳嗽、呼吸困難、嗜睡和生長緩慢Control of PCV2-Asscociated Diseases 美國對PCV2所致疾病的防制Confirm PMWS/PCV2 by histopath, IHC通過組織病理學和免疫組織化學確診斷奶后

16、多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征/PCV2Identify and control concurrent viral infections 鑒別和控制并發(fā)的病毒感染eliminate/control PRRSV if possible 有可能時應清除或控制豬繁殖和呼吸綜合征病毒focus on breeding herd stabilization and pig flow注意對種豬群進行穩(wěn)定化以及豬的生產(chǎn)流程work to avoid simultaneous co-infection注意避免混合感染eliminate/control SIV with vaccination of sow herd通過對

17、母豬群進行免疫接種來清除或控制豬流感病毒proper timing of SIV vaccination of pigs在正確的時機進行豬流感免疫接種further explore role of Parvo and use of PPV vaccine進一步探索細小病毒的作用并使用豬細小病毒疫苗models and field trials support a role in some herds模型和現(xiàn)場試驗證實細小病毒在某些豬群中有作用。Control of PCV2-Asscociated Diseases in the USA美國對PCV2所致疾病的防制Control of PCV2

18、-Associated Disease對斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征和PCV2所致疾病的防制Minimize effects of M. hyo. with vaccines and/or antimicrobials用疫苗和/或抗菌藥減輕豬肺炎支原體的危害Further evaluate correlation of PMWS with certain vaccines or timing of vaccination進一步評估斷奶后系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征與某些疫苗以及免疫接種時機的關(guān)系Change products and/or timing of vaccination改換疫苗品種和/或免疫接種時

19、機Aggressive treatment of bacterial coinfections加大對細菌性并發(fā)感染的治療力度Use of anti-inflammatories is often beneficial使用抗炎藥物常常很有好處Control of PCV2-Associated Disease對斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征和PCV2所致疾病的防制Pull sick pigs清除病豬Long term shedding in essentially all body fluids長期通過幾乎所有的體液排出病毒Back up 1-2 stages on diet in sick penP

20、lasma protein supplements補充血漿蛋白質(zhì)Control of PCV2-Associated Disease對斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征和PCV2所致疾病的防制Focus on pig comfort!注重豬的舒適!Appropriate pig density and AIAO flow豬的飼養(yǎng)密度要適當，實行全進全出Good air quality and appropriate temp保持優(yōu)良的空氣質(zhì)量和適中的溫度Use effective disinfectants (Virkon-S) between groups每飼養(yǎng)一批豬之后用有效的消毒劑(Virkon-

21、S)進行消毒PCV2 vaccines on the horizon PCV2疫苗即將誕生Control of PCV2-Associated Disease對斷奶后多系統(tǒng)消耗性綜合征和PCV2所致疾病的防制Swine Influenza Virus Historically歷史上的豬流感病毒3 6 days and its over 36天即結(jié)束Everyone is sick at one time每頭豬都同時發(fā)病Fall and Spring秋季和春季Lateral transmission水平傳播Its the same every time每次都相同Swine Influenza V

22、irus 豬流感病毒Currently 當前Chronic or long duration disease 慢性，持續(xù)時間長Days to weeks in group 一群豬可病數(shù)天至數(shù)周Vertical Transmission 垂直傳播Young and old pigs 幼豬和年長豬都可受到感染Variation 病情多變What Changed? The Virus 是什么變了？是病毒變了H1N1 since 1930 1930年以來是H1N1H2N3 in 1998 1998年是H2N3H1N2 recently 最近是H1N2Atypical H1N1 非典型的H1N1Uniq

23、ue strains 獨特的毒株Goals of SIV Control Strategy 豬流感病毒防制策略的目標Create consistent level of herd immunity to:Minimize the risk of continued transmission 減小持續(xù)傳播的風險Minimize clinical effects if the sow herd is exposed to SIV如果母豬群接觸了豬流感病毒，可減輕臨床癥狀Produce a consistent level of maternal antibody in piglets at wea

24、ning resulting in: 使仔豬在斷奶時具有一致的母源抗體水平，導致：Decay of maternal antibody in a majority of piglets to below protective levels in a narrow period post weaning.大多數(shù)仔豬的母源抗體在斷奶后短時間內(nèi)減少到低于保護力的水平以下Reduced risk of weaning SIV infected piglets減少斷奶時仔豬感染豬流感病毒的機會Goals of SIV Control Strategy 豬流感病毒防制策略的目標Vaccination Pr

25、otocols免疫程序Vaccination of breeding herd twice a year 種豬群每年免疫接種二次Use of bivalent commercial vaccines 采用二價商品苗Use of autogenous vaccines 采用自家疫苗Determining the rate of maternal antibody decay 測定母源抗體衰減速度Vaccination of the finisher pig對肥育豬進行免疫SIV Challenges豬流感病毒的難題Cross protection from commercial vaccines

26、 商品疫苗的交叉保護力Effectiveness of autogenous vaccines 自家疫苗的有效性Virus moving away from vaccine pressure 病毒在疫苗的壓力下被清除Recombination of virus strains不同毒株的重組Human role in transmission/interaction 人在病毒傳播/相互作用中的作用Strategies for Respiratory Disease Control 呼吸道病控制的策略Isolation of New Breeding Stock for 30-60 days新到種

27、豬隔離3060天Strategic Antibiotic Therapy策略性抗生素療法Pulse Medication沖擊量用藥Pre/Post-weaning Medication 斷奶前后用藥Subtherapeutic levels have no effect.亞治療水平用藥無效Strategies for Respiratory Disease Control 呼吸道病控制的策略2. Environmental Management 全進全出Temperature control溫度控制heat熱cold冷Pen Stocking, Mixing, Moving圈養(yǎng)密度，混群，轉(zhuǎn)移Ventilation -通風Moisture control濕度控制Reduce airborne pathogens減少空氣傳播的病原Strategies