被動(dòng)語態(tài)語法

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)The Passive Voice 英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)： 主動(dòng)語態(tài) (the Active Voice) 被動(dòng)語態(tài) (the Passive Voice)A. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。B. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.We speak English.主語謂語賓語English is spoken by us.主語謂語賓語主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned

2、 by them yesterday.昨天教室被他們打掃了。(一)被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本用法:當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語的形式是主動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。be + done(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):有各種時(shí)態(tài)的變化1. Now English _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+am / is / are + done2. The lost boy _ a

3、t the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+was / were + done3. More man-made satellites _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+will + be + donebe going to + be + done4. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have buil

4、t B. were built C. have been built現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+have/ has+ been + done5. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + done1.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：1)一般情況在動(dòng)詞原形后加-edwatch-watched2)以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的加-dpractice-practiced3)以輔音加y結(jié)尾的，去y變i加-edstudy-studied4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔

5、音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-edstop-stopped2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone動(dòng)詞過去分詞的變化: (三)何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)？ 1、行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如： Football is played all over the world 2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如： My bike was stolen 我的自行車被盜了。 3、某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例如： He was born in October，19894、漢語中含有“被

6、”、“由”等詞時(shí)。例如： Tina是被Paul叫來的。 Tina is asked to come by Paul5、漢語中含有“據(jù)說”、“據(jù)悉”、“據(jù)報(bào)道”等時(shí)。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.眾所周知 It is well known that 據(jù)推測(cè)說 It is supposed that (四)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài): (1)把原來的賓語提到前面作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語;(2)把謂語動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be過去分

7、詞) (根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式)。 (3)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。如： They make the bikes in the factory. The bikesin the factory.are madethemby主變被步驟:1.找賓語: 即動(dòng)作的承受者(改為主語)He washed his car yesterday. His car3. 判斷新主語的單復(fù)數(shù):確定be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù). be4. 判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) : 即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài).2. 修改謂語的語態(tài):即be+原V.過去分詞 washed5.

8、 修改原句的主語 :即by +主語(變賓格). (by him) yesterday.iswas was1.Tom broke the window.The window 2.She broke the windows.The windows 3.He cleans the classroom everyday. The classroom was brokenby Tom.were brokenby her.is cleanedby himbe動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化:everyday.He rides the motorbike to work every day.The motorbikeis

9、riddento work(by him)every day.A computer computer, use, in our classis usedin our classevery day.They bought ten computers last year Ten computerslast year.were bought(by them)bank, rob, yesterdaywas robbedThe bankyesterday. 1. They will finish the work in ten days.The workin ten days.will be finis

10、hed(by them)2.They are going to have a show tomorrow.A showis going to be had(by them)tomorrow.1. Amy can take good care of the cat The catcan be taken good care ofby Amy.2. They should sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songsby them.should be sung He can carry the basket easily.The basket can

11、 be easily carried by him.在通常情況下，修飾被動(dòng)語態(tài)的副詞一般要放在助動(dòng)詞be與過去分詞之間。如： She was badly paid. 她掙的錢很少。 The trip was well organized. 旅行組織得很好。 將副詞放在過去分詞之后也是可以的。(四)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊情況:1.在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等詞,其后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式(動(dòng)詞原形),在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),必須還原動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to.如: 1) We heard him sing this song in the room. He w

12、as heard to sing this song in the room.2) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 3) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. 2.含有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，有以下三種情形： (1)有些雙賓動(dòng)詞(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，既可把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)楸?/p>

13、動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語,而把直接賓語(指事物)保留下來(稱為保留賓語),也可把直接賓語(指事物)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語,而把間接賓語改為介詞to 或for引起的狀語(到底用to還是for,與所搭配的動(dòng)詞有關(guān))。比較： He gave her some money. 他給她一些錢。 She was given Some money was given to her. some money.2. He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.His friend was bought some fruits (by him) yesterday.Some fruits w

14、ere bought for his friend (by him) yesterday.1. He bought her a watch. A watch was bought for her (by him). She was bought a watch (by him).(2)有些雙賓動(dòng)詞(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接賓語(指事物)作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，而將間接賓語用作保留賓語(其前根據(jù)情況用介詞to或for)： Father made me a doll. A doll was made for me. He

15、 wrote her a letter. A letter was written to her. (3)有些雙賓動(dòng)詞(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用間接賓語(指人)作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，而將直接賓語用作保留賓語： He answered me that question. I was answered that question by him. 表示主語的屬性特征的動(dòng)詞+副詞well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義3.作“需要”講的need的被動(dòng)形式： need to be doneYour jacket

16、 needs to be washed. 4.表示“開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動(dòng)”的動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)義。 begin, open, start, stop, end, finish, shut, run,.)The shop opens at 6 am. every day A traffic accident _(happen) just now.happened2. 連系動(dòng)詞（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds3.

17、當(dāng)此動(dòng)詞表示事物的自然屬性的時(shí)候:The pen _ (write) very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, 不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞： (表示主語的自然屬性特征) + 副詞 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常見動(dòng)詞：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, The books

18、 _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washedPractice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_ it _ _ _ at once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.4 How

19、 long have you kept the book?How long _ the book _ _? Mustbepaidforwillbebuiltisntbeenstoppinghasbeenkept5. If your homework _(do) well, you may go to play.6. Mr. Green was seen _(grow) trees.7. The blackboard was _ (look) carefully by the students.8. The ship model _ be _ (make) in two days.is done

20、to growlooked atwillmade9. Im sorry,sirYour recorder isnt ready yetIt _ in the factory is being repaired is repaired has been repaired hasnt been repaired10In warm weather, fruit and meat _ long cannot be kept dont keep mustnt keep is not kept11. -Did you hand him the letter yesterday? -No, I _ to h

21、im A. brought it B. took it C. had it sent D. carried it 12Alice had a dress _ last week Amade B. make C. to be made D. to makeOral practice-主動(dòng)句改被動(dòng)句 .A car knocked him down yesterday.Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team.When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree He was knock

22、ed down by a car yesterday The medical team is made up of by two A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.4). Well put on the play next Sunday5). Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6). They had completed the railway by the end of last year The play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed by the end of last year 7). We should protect the earth8). You need to paint the wall The earth should be protect