老師題源報(bào)精讀課第九課

1、第 17 篇-法律類 （摘自P612015 年 10 月）As many as 25 ses will join some of the nations most influential business groupsin legal action to blockObamas climate change regulations when they areformally published Friday, trying to stop his signature environmental policy.In August, theannounced in a White House ce

2、remonyt theEnvironmental Protection Agency rules had been completed, but they had not yet beenpublishedheernments Federal Register. Within hours of the rules offilpublication on Friday, a legal battle will begin, pitting the ses against the federalernment. It is widely expected to end up before the

3、Supreme Court.“I predict there will be a very long line of people at the federal courthouse tomorrowmorning, eagerly waiting to file their suits on this case,” said Jeffrey R. Hotead, alawyer for the firm Bracewell & Giuliani who represents several companiest areexpected to file such suits.While the

4、 legal brawls could drag on for years, many ses and companies,including thoset are suing the administration, have also started drafting plans tocomply with the rules.t strategy reflects the uncertay of the ultimaegale and also meanst many ses could be well on the way to implementing Mr.Obamas climat

5、e plan by the time the case reaches the Supreme Court.The E.P.A.s climate change rules are at the heart of Mr. Obamas ambitious agendato counter global warming by cutting emiss of planet-warming carbon pollution. Ifthey withstand the legal challenges, the rules could shutter dreds of polluting,coal-

6、firedlants and freeze construction of such plantshe future, while leadingto a transformation of the nationser sector from reliance on fossil fuels to wind,solar and nuclearer.Mr. Obama has also used the rules as leverage in his negotiations to reach a globalclimate change accord in Paris in December

7、. He hopes to broker a deal committing everycountry to enacting domestic climate change policies.The offil publication of the rules will also spur legislative pushback on CapitolHill, where Senator MitcConnell of Kentucky, the majority leader, willroducetwo resolutions to block them. The legislation

8、 will beroduced under the rarely usedCongresal Review Act, which allows Congress to block an executive branch rulewithin 60 legislative days of its publication.While the resolutions are likely to pass the Republican-controlled Congress, Mr.Obama would be expected to veto them. But byroducing the res

9、olutions, Mr.McConnell hopes to convey to the worldt Congress does not support the Obamaregulations a messaget could belified if the Senate votes on the resolutionsbefore or during the Parimmit meeting.The Obama administration has sought to ensuret the rules will not come underquestionbeforet meetin

10、g. By delaying the offil publication of the rules untilnearly three months after they were announced, for exle, the administration appearedto be trying to ensuret no major legal decis to weaken them would be iedbefore the Paris meeting.Anderful coalition ofernors, attorneys general, coal companies,e

11、lectric utilities and business groupch as the United Ses Chamber of Commercewill file suits contendingt the rules, put fortder the 1970 Clean Air Act, representan illegalreion of the law. They will also petition tay implemenion of therule until the case is argued in federal court.“Thes illegal rule

12、will have devasing impacts on West Virginia famis,and famis across the country,” Attorney General Patrick Morrisey of West Virginia saidin a sement. Mr. Morrisey, whose home ses economy is heavily dependent on coalmining, is expected to play a lead rolehe multise lawsuit.Ses and companies may be hed

13、ging their bets.In Geia,. Nan Deals administration plans to sue the E.P.A. At the sametime, theernor, a Republican, has also instructed his director of environmentalprotection, Judson H. Turner, to begin crafting a plan to comply with the rules.“Theernor of Geia said to me, Whatever action may be ta

14、ken on the legalfront, well need to develop a plant works feia, ” Mr. Turner said. If Mr.Obamas plan survives the legal challenge, Mr. Turner added, “well have the confidencet well put a plan feia togetherts bettern a federal plan.”Similar dynamics are playing outany other sest are suiner the rules,

15、said Vicki Arroyo, the executive director of the Geetown University Climate Center,which focuses on se-level climate policies.“Its really rare to find a set just says, no, ” she said.The rules assign each se afor reducing its carbon pollution fromerplants, but allows ses to create their own custom p

16、lans forng so.t rule isdesigned to encourage ses to make major changesheir electricer sectors forexle, to shut down coal-firedlants and replace them with wind and solarer. It is also designed to encourage ses to enact so-called cap-and-trade systems,under which they would place a cap on carbon emiss

17、 and create a market for buyingand selling pollution credits.Ses have to submit an initial verof their plans by 2016 and final vers by2018. Sest refuse to submit a plan will be forced to comply with one developed bythe federalernment.Republicanernors have denounced the rule, particularly its emphasi

18、s on pushingcap-and-trade systems; in histerm, Mr. Obama tried but failed to send acap-and-trade bill through Congress. Since then, the term hase politically toxic:Republicans have attacked the idea as “cap-and-tax.” Theernors of five sesTexas,na, Wisconsin, Louisiana and Oklahoma have threatened to

19、 refuse to submit aplan of any kind.But economists and many industry leaders have foundtany cases, the easiestand chest way for ses to comply would be by adopting cap-and-trade systems.American Electricer, an electric utilityt operates in 11 ses, is among thecompaniestendsto sue the administration o

20、ver the rule. At the same time, thecompanys vice, John McManus, said: “We think it makes sense for ses to atleast start develoa plan. The alternative of having a federal plan has risks.” And hesaidt his company could support a cap-and-trade plan. “The initial read ist amarket-based approach is more

21、workable,” he said.【詞語(yǔ)積累】Federal Register 公報(bào)是的公報(bào)，其內(nèi)容可大概分為機(jī)構(gòu)的規(guī)則及擬議中的規(guī)則與公告。pit againstfile vt. 提出 brawl n.爭(zhēng)端 drag on 拖延shutter vt. 關(guān)閉leverage n. 杠桿lify vt. 放大come under question受到質(zhì)疑coalition n. 結(jié)合petition vi.devasing adj.性的instruct vt. 指示play out 完成toxic adj. 有害的workable adj. 切實(shí)可行的【長(zhǎng)難句】【參考譯文】國(guó)內(nèi) 25 個(gè)州將

22、加入最有的商業(yè)組織，通過(guò)法律途徑阻攔周五正式頒布的氣候變化，并試圖簽署這份環(huán)保政策。八月，總統(tǒng)在白宮會(huì)議上宣布環(huán)境保護(hù)條例已完成制定，但未在聯(lián)合公報(bào)上正式出版。條例一旦在周五頒布，過(guò)不了幾個(gè)小時(shí)，就會(huì)引起法律上的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)，而部分州將對(duì)付。大家都希望能在前能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Bracewell&Giuliani公司特德，他代表個(gè)別有提交法案念頭的公司，說(shuō)道，“我估計(jì)，明天早上前將會(huì)排著長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的隊(duì)伍，等著提交自己的提案?！比欢@類的法律爭(zhēng)端可以持續(xù)很多年，許多公司和州都已經(jīng)開始草擬遵循新條例的法案。這項(xiàng)策略反映出法律結(jié)果的不確定性，同時(shí)意味著在法案到達(dá)之前，許多州已經(jīng)開始執(zhí)行的氣候計(jì)劃。環(huán)保署氣候變化條例就

23、是龐大計(jì)劃的，目的是通過(guò)減少排放來(lái)對(duì)抗全球變暖。如果他們能承受法律的，日后這些條例將關(guān)閉數(shù)百家對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染的煤電廠和相關(guān)制冷設(shè)備，最終使他們從依賴化石轉(zhuǎn)換到使用風(fēng)能、能和核能。將條例作為條件，為在12月巴黎全球氣候變化談判上達(dá)成協(xié)議。他希望能說(shuō)服各國(guó)執(zhí)行氣候變化條例。的條例頒布同樣刺激和阻攔國(guó)會(huì)法律的制定，多數(shù)黨、肯塔基州參議員米奇將會(huì)推出兩條決議以以上行為。這項(xiàng)法案將在國(guó)會(huì)審議法案的規(guī)定下被引入，這讓議會(huì)在頒布后的60天內(nèi)阻擋出現(xiàn)。盡管這些方案會(huì)傳遞到由控制的議會(huì)，但是人們還是希望能夠否決這些決議。但是通過(guò)引入這些決定，希望能告知世界，議會(huì)并不支持的決議，如果參議院在巴黎之前或者期間進(jìn)行投

24、票的話，這條信息的作用就會(huì)被擴(kuò)大。一直在努力確保，在會(huì)議召開之前不會(huì)遇到問(wèn)題。他們把條例的頒布時(shí)間推遲了將近三個(gè)月，例如，努力確保，在巴黎會(huì)議之前將不會(huì)頒布任何法律，以削弱他們的作用。、煤炭公司、電廠和商會(huì)一類的商業(yè)財(cái)團(tuán)都強(qiáng)有力地結(jié)合在一起。他們將在1970年清潔空氣法案的背景提出該法案，代表了從律的角度來(lái)解讀這項(xiàng)法律。他們還會(huì)請(qǐng)求執(zhí)行這項(xiàng)法律，直到這件案子。“總統(tǒng)這項(xiàng)律性條例會(huì)給弗吉尼亞州西部的家庭帶來(lái)性的影響，甚至影響的所有家庭?！彼痉ú块L(zhǎng)西如是說(shuō)，其家鄉(xiāng)依賴煤礦業(yè)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，人民希望他能在各州的中發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用各州和各公司都不想下這個(gè)賭注。在佐治亞州，計(jì)劃環(huán)保署。與此同時(shí)，黨派州長(zhǎng)，環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)

25、的執(zhí)行者將擬定一份計(jì)劃，來(lái)遵守這些條例?！爸蓍L(zhǎng)對(duì)我說(shuō)，無(wú)論采取什么樣的法律行動(dòng)，都需要尋找一個(gè)可行的計(jì)劃，”說(shuō)到。如果計(jì)劃能通過(guò)這些，與計(jì)劃相比有信心提出更適合佐治亞州的計(jì)劃。“表示其他州也在采取相似的行動(dòng)。”大學(xué)氣候中心執(zhí)行官，重點(diǎn)研究州級(jí)氣候政策?！昂茈y發(fā)現(xiàn)哪個(gè)州會(huì)，”她補(bǔ)充。規(guī)則分配每個(gè)州的目標(biāo)是減少發(fā)電廠的碳排放，但同時(shí)允許每個(gè)州創(chuàng)造自身的執(zhí)行方式。條例設(shè)計(jì)的目的是鼓勵(lì)各州的電力部門做出改變舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，關(guān)閉燒煤的電廠，采用風(fēng)能和能。同時(shí)鼓勵(lì)每個(gè)州去執(zhí)行所謂的限額貿(mào)易系統(tǒng)，可以給排放設(shè)定限額，建立排廢限額的市場(chǎng)。各州必須在2016年提交初始計(jì)劃，并在2018年提交最終版本。提交計(jì)劃的州將強(qiáng)

26、制遵守頒發(fā)的法律。州長(zhǎng)公然這項(xiàng)條例，尤其是當(dāng)中強(qiáng)調(diào)推行限額貿(mào)易系統(tǒng)條例；在他第一中，曾嘗試頒布限額貿(mào)易法案，但未能獲得議會(huì)通過(guò)。此后，這一詞匯變成政治毒瘤：將這法稱作“限額與計(jì)劃”。德克薩斯州、印第安納州、威斯康星州、路易斯安那州以及俄克拉何馬州，這五個(gè)州的州長(zhǎng)都提交任何其他計(jì)劃。但是和許多行業(yè)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在許多狀況下，最容易且最便宜的方式就是采取限額貿(mào)易系統(tǒng)。為11個(gè)州提供服務(wù)的電力公司，也因這項(xiàng)條例而。同時(shí)，公司的副董事長(zhǎng)麥克說(shuō)道:“覺(jué)得每個(gè)州有必要至少開展一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。執(zhí)行計(jì)劃的方法確實(shí)有?！辈⒙暦Q公司會(huì)支持限額貿(mào)易計(jì)劃，“最后的結(jié)論，就是以市場(chǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的方法更可行?！彼f(shuō)道。第 18 篇-能源環(huán)境

27、類 （摘自時(shí)代P702013 年 3 月）ay to think about the keystone projectthe 2,000-(3,220 km) pipelinet would bring oil from the tar sands of Canada to the Gulf of Mexicois to ask whatwould happen if it is never built. The U.S. Department of Se released an extremelythorough reportt tries to answer this question.

28、It concludes, basically,t the oilderived from Canadian tar sands will be developed at about the same pace whether or notthere is a pipeline to the U.S. In other words, stopKeystone might make us feel good,but it wouldnt really do anything abolimate change.Given the need for oilhe U.S., Canadian prod

29、ucers would still get Albertas oil tothe refineries on the Gulf of Mexico. There are othipelinesibilities, but the mostlikely method of transfer is by train. The report estimatest it would take daily runs of15 trains wibout 100cars each to carry the amount planned by TransCanada.t would be a large i

30、ncreaseraffic from what now goes north to south, but it wouldhardly be an insurmountable problem. Rail traffichis corridor is already exploding:the number of carloads of crude oil doubled from 2010 to 2011, then tripled from 2011 to2012. And remember, moving oil by train produmuch higher emiss of CO

31、 (fromdieselotives)n flowing it through a pipeline.Canada could also transport the oil by train or pipeline west to British Columbia andthen on to Asia, where demand is booming. Right nowt seems a distant and costlyprospect, buving visited Alberta recently, I can attestt Canadian business peopleand

32、offils are planning seriously for Asian marketsespelly since they have cometo regard U.S. energy policy as politicized, hostile and mercurial. Whoever uses the oil,the CO will be releasedo the atmosphere just the same.Also, if we dont use oil from Alberta, we will need to get it somewhere to fuel ou

33、rtransporion needsfrom Venezuela, Mexico, Saudi Arabia or California. Some ofthese oils are heavy crude, and prosing, refining and burning them is beved to beeven more harmful to the environmentn using fuels from refracted Canadian oilsands. Switching from oil sands to, say, Venezuelan crude (the mo

34、st likely alternative)would reduce greenhouse-gas emiss by a minimal amount or noall. To the extentt this would make us use more coal for electricity generation, it would be a big stepbackward for the environment. For many of these reasons, the scientific journal Nature,long a leader on climate chan

35、ge, argued in an editorialtObama shouldapprove Keystone. A deciis expected this spring.Environmental groups are approaching this project much as the U.S.ernmentfights the war on drugs. They are attacking supply rathern demand.his case,environmentalists have chosen one particular source of energyAlbe

36、rtas tar sandsandare trying to shut it down. But as long as there is demand for oil, there will be supply. Afar more effective solution would be to try to moderate demand by putting in place acarbon tax or a cap-and-trade system. Ideally we would use the proceeds to fund researchon alternative energ

37、y. Washington spends $73 billion on research for defense, $31 billionon health care and just $3 billion on energy. Massive increases in research would make adifference.ing one Canadian oil fieldor onpeline companywill not.Somehe environmental movement seem to recognizet the facts dont reallysupport

38、singling out Keystone, so they have turned to moreangible reasons to opeit.Opponents of Keystone sayt the specifics are less importanthis case andtit is the symbolismt matters. And it does. If we block this projectwhose source isno worsen many others, rebuffing our closest trading partner and ally a

39、nd spurningeasily acsible energy in favor of Venezuelan or Saudi crudeit would be a symbol,and a depressing one att. It would be a symbol of how emotion has taken the place ofysis and ideology now trumps science on both sides of the environmental debate.【詞語(yǔ)積累】keystone project 基石工程 thorough adj. 周密的tar sands 瀝青砂refinery n. 精煉廠insurmountable adj. 難以對(duì)付的 corridor n.走廊dieselotiv