2022屆高三英語復(fù)習(xí)：狀語從句易錯考點(diǎn)歸納與分析講義-

1、狀語從句易錯考點(diǎn)歸納與分析 狀語從句是中學(xué)英語中重要語法項目之一，也是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)。除在單項填空中對狀語從句進(jìn)行考查外，短文改錯也經(jīng)?？疾闋钫Z從句?，F(xiàn)通過舉例說明，對同學(xué)們在學(xué)習(xí)狀語從句時容易犯的典型錯誤歸納如下。一、 從句引導(dǎo)詞使用錯誤（一）混淆as與while的用法例：-“我要去郵局?！?“當(dāng)你去哪兒時，順便給我買幾張郵票。”誤：“Im going to the post office.” “As youre there, can you get me some stamps?”正：“Im going to the post office.” “While youre there, ca

2、n you get me some stamps?”析：應(yīng)將as改為while；盡管 as 和 while 均可用做從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”，但兩者有一個重要區(qū)別，就是這樣用的 as 從句的謂語不能是狀態(tài)動詞。當(dāng)然，如果 as 不是表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”，其謂語是完全可以用狀態(tài)動詞的。（二）混淆so與such的用法例：凱特在考試中出了這么多錯誤，她父母對她十分生氣。誤：Kate made such many mistakes in the exam that her parents were very angry with her.正：Kate made so many mista

3、kes in the exam that her parents were very angry with her.析：“sothat”結(jié)構(gòu)和“suchthat”結(jié)構(gòu)都可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其主要區(qū)別在于：so之后跟形容詞或副詞，such之后跟名詞或含有名詞的名詞性詞組。需要注意的是：名詞前若有many, much, few, little之類的修飾詞時，應(yīng)該用so，而不用such。（三）混淆 because，for，so 的用法例1：他不害怕，因?yàn)樗苡赂?。誤：For he was very brave, he felt no fear.正：He felt no fear, for he w

4、as very brave.例2：一定是早晨了，因?yàn)轼B在叫呢。誤：It must be morning now, because the birds are singing.正：It must be morning now, for the birds are singing.例3：因?yàn)闆]趕上早班車，所以他上學(xué)遲到了。誤：Because he didnt catch the early bus, so he came to school late.正：He came to school late because he didnt catch the early bus.正：He didnt c

5、atch the early bus, so he came to school late.析：because所引導(dǎo)的從句可放在句首；for連接的并列分句不能放在句首；because表示直接的原因；for表示推斷的原因。分析：早晨到來的直接原因是太陽升起，而決非是鳥唱歌。鳥唱歌只表示推斷的原因；漢語中常說“因?yàn)樗浴保谟⒄Z中，because和so是不能連用的。because（因?yàn)椋┯靡砸龑?dǎo)原因狀語從句，so（所以、于是）用以連接并列分句。兩者不能用在同一個句子中。（四）混淆although和but的用法例：雖然他很累，但他仍繼續(xù)向前走。誤：Although he was tired, bu

6、t he still went on.正：Although he was tired, he still went on.正：He was tired, but he still went on.析：although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，主句不再用任何連詞。不能把a(bǔ)lthough和but用在同一個句子中來表述中文的“雖然但是”。（五）混淆狀語從句與定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別例：游客要導(dǎo)游為他在那個著名的塔前照張相。誤：The visitor asked to have his picture taken at which stood the famous tower.正：The visitor aske

7、d to have his picture taken where stood the famous tower.析：將at which改為where，where表示“在的地方”，用以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。注意，此題還涉及倒裝，即此句的主語是 the famous tower，謂語是 stood，正常詞序?yàn)?where the famous tower stood，使用倒裝是為了保持句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕。（六）忽略the moment做連詞的用法例：-“你記著是否還給瑪麗所欠的錢了？” -“我見到她的那一刻，就給她了”誤：-“Did you remember to give Mary the m

8、oney you owed her?” -“Yes, I gave it to her at the moment I saw her.”正：-“Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?” -“Yes, I gave it to her the moment I saw her.”析：去掉at，at the moment用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中，意思是“此刻”，用于過去時態(tài)中，意思是“那時”；引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句做連詞要用the moment，意思是“一.就.” 類似地，the minute, the instant 也可用做連詞，表示“一就

9、” 的意思。（七）誤用“進(jìn)行時+when+一般時”表示“正在，就在這時”例：劉老師進(jìn)來時我們正在說笑。誤：We were talking and laughing while Miss Liu came in.正：We were talking and laughing when Miss Liu came in.析：when和while都有“當(dāng)?shù)臅r候”之意，用于引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。但兩者用法有所區(qū)別：while引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性動詞，而when引導(dǎo)從句中的謂語動詞既可以是延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是瞬間動詞。二、主從句時態(tài)一致的錯誤 （一）忽略“主將從現(xiàn)”的時態(tài)一致例1：明天晚上如果不

10、邀請李玲去參加聚會，我也不去。誤：I wont go to the party tomorrow evening unless Li Ling will be invited.正：I wont go to the party tomorrow evening unless Li Ling is invited.析：在when, as soon as, until等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句和由if與unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，當(dāng)主句是一般將來時時，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間。（二）忽略since從句中的時態(tài)一致例1：自從我住在上海以來，就再也沒有收到他的信了 誤：I didnt hear f

11、rom him since I came to Shanghai.正：I have not heard from him since I came to Shanghai.例2：我戒煙有五年了誤：It has been five years since I smoked.正：It has been five years since I stopped smoking.析：since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“自從以來”，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句要用一般過去時；若since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動詞是持續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的動詞的過去時時，則從句表示的時間是“從那持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時算起”。（三）忽略虛擬

12、語氣中主從句時態(tài)一致例：這個女孩說話的樣子好像她到過月球。誤：The girl talks as if she has been to the moon.正：The girl talks as if she had been to the moon.析：在as if (though)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中，若陳述情況與事實(shí)不符，或與事實(shí)相反，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣，因此句中的has been應(yīng)改為had been（四）忽略no sooner.than./hardly (scarcely).when.中主從句的時態(tài)一致例：他剛到這兒我就告訴了他這件事。誤：No sooner was he here

13、than I told him about it.正：No sooner had he been here than I told him about it.析：no sooner.than.， hardly (scarcely).when.等在意義上和as soon as，the moment.，the minute.，immediately.一樣，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，表示一，就之意，但前者主句須用過去完成時，且主謂倒裝，從句用一般過去時。三、從句省略時的錯誤（一）比較狀語從句省略錯誤 例：這個人抽煙正如十年前他父親那樣。誤：The man smokes as much as his fat

14、her 10 years ago.正：The man smokes as much as his father did 10 years ago.析：在比較狀語從句中，比較狀語從句中的謂語動詞形式與主句不一致時，不能省略。因此句中的his father后應(yīng)加上did。（二）其他狀語從句省略錯誤例：問他為什么遲到，他一言不發(fā)。誤：He kept silent when asking why he was late.正：He kept silent when (he was) asked why he was late.析：在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句中，從句主語與主句主語一致時，可省略從句的主語

15、和部分謂語，但必須注意從句的語態(tài)，當(dāng)從句為被動語態(tài)是省略后用過去分詞短語做狀語。四、特殊句式與轉(zhuǎn)換錯誤 （一）notuntil句式和轉(zhuǎn)換的錯誤例1：你可以在這兒等待直到有人來幫你。誤：You wont wait here until help comes.正：You will wait here until help comes.例2：直到老師進(jìn)來學(xué)生們才停止講話誤：Not until the came in the students stopped talking.正：Not until the came in did the students stop talking.析：until用在肯

16、定句,謂語動詞通常是延續(xù)性動詞,如stand, stay, talk, wait等,表示主句動作終止的時間；如果用在否定句,謂語動詞通常是瞬間性動詞,如open, start, leave, arrive, finish, stop等,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動作開始的時間。故例1中的wont應(yīng)改為will；當(dāng)Not until位于句首時,句子要倒裝。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:Not until+從句/表時間的詞+助動詞+(主句)主語+謂語+.。例2的錯誤恰好屬于此類。（二）as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的錯誤例1：盡管他是一個科學(xué)家，他很謙虛。誤：A scientist as he is, he is very modest.正：Scientist as he is