名詞與主謂一致講解-

1、名詞與主謂一致一名詞1. 可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)變化形式規(guī)則變化。單數(shù)名詞詞尾直接加-s。如：boy boys, pen pens。以s、x 、ch 、sh結(jié)尾的單詞一般加-es。如：glass glasses, box boxes, watch watches, brush brushes。特例：stomach stomachs。以“輔音字母 + y”結(jié)尾的變“y”為“i”再加“-es”。如：baby babies, lady ladies, fly flies。以“o”結(jié)尾的多數(shù)加-es。如：tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes, hero heroes。但以兩個元音

2、字母結(jié)尾的名詞和部分外來詞中以o結(jié)尾的詞只加-s。如：radio radios, zoo zoos, photo photos, piano pianos。以“f”或“fe”結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式變“f”或“fe”為“v”，之后再加-es。如wife wives, life lives, knife knives, wolf wolves, self selves, leaf leaves等。特例：handkerchief handkerchiefs, roof roofs, chief chiefs, gulf gulfs, belief beliefs, cliff cliffs。改變元音字母

3、的。如man men, mouse mice, foot feet, woman women, goose geese, ox oxen。特例：child children。復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。在復(fù)合詞中最后名詞尾加-s。如armchair armchairs, bookcase bookcases, bookstore book-stores; man和woman作定語修飾另一個名詞時，前后兩個名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)。如man doctor men doctors, woman driver women drivers; 與介詞或副詞一起構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞應(yīng)在主體名詞部分加-s。如brother-in

4、-law brothers-in-law, passer-by passers-by。有的名詞有兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式。如zero zeros 、zeroes, deer deers 、deer。penny的兩種復(fù)數(shù)形式含義有所不同。如：pence（便士的錢數(shù)），pennies(便士的枚數(shù))。不規(guī)則變化。單、復(fù)數(shù)同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,Japanese, sheep, works（工廠）,cattle。合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：boy-friend boy-friends, go-betweengo-betweens(中間人)，grown-up gr

5、own-ups。有些名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：glasses眼鏡，clothes衣服，goods貨物，trousers褲子, surroundings環(huán)境， campasses圓規(guī)，cattle家畜，congratulations祝賀， spirits情緒， regards問侯， manners禮貌等。集體名詞的數(shù)。有些集體名詞通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：people, cattle, police; 有些名詞只用作單數(shù)，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名詞既可用作單數(shù)又可用作復(fù)數(shù)，單數(shù)看做整體，復(fù)數(shù)看做集體的各個成員。如：The crew is

6、 large.船員人數(shù)很多（指整體）；The crew are all tired.船員們都累壞了（個體）。2、不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)一般說來抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具體的東西時，可用作可數(shù)名詞且詞義發(fā)生變化，主要類型如下：抽象名詞表示具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、感情情緒的人或事。如，抽象名詞（不可數(shù)） 具體化（個體名詞，可數(shù)名詞）win success獲得成功 a success一個(件)成功的人(事)win honor贏得榮譽 an honor一個(件)引以為榮的(事)Failure(失敗)is the mother of success a failure失敗者by experience靠

7、經(jīng)驗 an experience一次經(jīng)歷抽象名詞與a(an)連用，淡化了抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為似乎可以體驗到的動作、行為或類別。如，A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me?It is a waste of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.物質(zhì)名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，但表示數(shù)量或種類之多時，可以用作可

8、數(shù)名詞。如,物質(zhì)名詞有形或數(shù)的相應(yīng)物體，有單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡; his hair他的頭發(fā)，a few grey hairs幾根白發(fā)，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。物質(zhì)名詞有前置后置修飾時，前面要使用不定冠詞。I have breakfast have a wonderful breakfast Time and tide wait for no man.We had a wonderful time last night.有復(fù)數(shù)形式的不可數(shù)名詞有些抽象名詞往往以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，起到一種豐富語言感情

9、色彩或強調(diào)某種特殊狀態(tài)的作用。如：Use your brains, please.They have smoothed away the difficulties.Have you made preparations for tomorrows meeting?有些物質(zhì)名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示數(shù)量之多，范圍之廣。如,The boy burst into tears at the bad news.The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.3.名詞所有格“

10、s”所有格的特殊表示形式有：用于表示時間、距離、價格、重量等的名詞后，如：todays newspaper, five minutes walk(drive), five pounds weight, ten dollars worth of coffee。用于表示國家、世界、城市等地方的名詞后。如：the earths planet, the words population, Chinas industry, New Yorks parks。“of”所有格的特殊表示方式有：表示“部分”時，一般在所修飾的名詞前有一個表示數(shù)量的詞（a、two、several、some、no、many等），如：

11、Some students of Mister Zhangs have gone to college.張老師的一些學(xué)生已經(jīng)上大學(xué)了。表示“其中之一，其中一部分”的意思時，用：a friend of Toms湯姆的一個朋友（許多朋友中的一位）。表示贊揚、批評或厭惡等感情色彩時，應(yīng)該用：that/this/these/those + 名詞（單、復(fù)數(shù)）of Marys/yours/his/hers。如,That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那項發(fā)明是屬于全世界的（表贊賞）。4、名詞作定語英語中有些名詞沒有其對應(yīng)的同根形容詞，這些名詞可以直接用

12、來作定語修飾另一個名詞。分類意義。air pollution 空氣污染 boy friend男朋友coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得稅tennis ball網(wǎng)球 song writer歌曲作家時間、地點、稱呼等。Doctor Jack杰克醫(yī)生 Professor Li李教授evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠street dance 街舞 country music鄉(xiāng)村音樂表目的、手段、來源，所屬意義。reception desk接待臺 sports field田徑場 stone table石桌 color TV彩電 weather report天氣

13、預(yù)報二主謂一致：謂語動詞要和句子的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。主謂一致要遵循以下三個原則：1 語法一致原則：即主語和謂語的語法形式在人稱和數(shù)上去掉一致。主語是and, bothand連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。My mother and I have seen the film.Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.主語后有with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides等短語修飾時，謂語動詞要同主語保

14、持一致。A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.I, rather than you, am to blame.不定式短語，動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Smoking is bad for our health.To read in bed is her habit.Whether we will go or not is not decided.each和some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Each of us has some

15、thing to say.Someone wants to see you at the door.由 兩個部分組成的物體(trousers, shorts, glasses, scissors, shoes等)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His glasses were broken, so he cant see well.注：若這些名詞前帶有單位名詞pair修飾，謂語動詞要和pair保持一致。Two pairs of trousers are missing.This pair of shoes is not on sale.2 意義一致原則：指謂語動詞與主語的一致取決于主語所表達的意

16、義。形復(fù)意單的名詞（news, politics, physics, mathematics, economics, plastics, etc.）作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The United States is in North America.Politics is now taught in all schools.形單意復(fù)的名詞（people, police, cattle, etc.）作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The cattle are eating grass on the pasture.The police are looking for the thief.All the

17、 people of the world want peace.注：family, team, class, government, committee, group, audience, club等名詞作主語時，如果作整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果作個別成員看待，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His family isnt very large.His family are all music lovers.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞(means, deer, sheep, etc.)作主語時，根據(jù)其前的修飾語確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Every means has been tried.All means

18、 have been tried.“the +形容詞（old, young, rich, poor, dead, sick, deaf, blind, etc.）”表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The rich are not always happy.The old are very well taken good care of.表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、容量、度量、等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money.Twenty years has passed since we left school.“分數(shù)或百分數(shù)of名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞要與of后面的名