四級有效訓(xùn)練–翻譯

1、四級訓(xùn)練翻譯一 考試形式 二 考核重點(diǎn)三: 答題步驟 一考試形式 1. 考試時(shí)間：5 分鐘 2. 分值：5分3. 由原來英譯漢變?yōu)闈h譯英：06年6月4.名為翻譯，實(shí)為補(bǔ)全句子二.考點(diǎn)分析 1. 核心語法（虛擬語氣、定語從句，狀語從句（最?？?2. 重點(diǎn)單詞3. 固定搭配一語法結(jié)構(gòu)（grammar）1動(dòng)名詞 （gerund ）：2道87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble_(找到去歷史博物館的路) (2006. 6 )finding the way to the history museum87. Soon after h

2、e transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had _(很難跟上班里的同學(xué)) (2009. 6 ) difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates / (in) catching up with his classmates1、有些動(dòng)詞后只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，構(gòu)成固定搭配，需特別記憶。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有：admit（承認(rèn)） advise（建議）allow（允許） appreciate（感激）avoid（避免） cant help（禁不?。ヽonsider（考慮） deny（否認(rèn)）dislike

3、（不喜歡） enjoy（喜歡）escape（逃脫） excuse（原諒）feel like（想要），finish（結(jié)束），give up （放棄），imagine（想象），involve（包含），keep（保持），mind（介意），miss（錯(cuò)過） permit（允許）recollect（記得） recommend（推薦）suggest（建議） stop （停止）resent（對感到憤恨、怨恨）risk（冒危險(xiǎn)）cannot stand（受不了）等。例如： 。 exercise強(qiáng)化例句：After having spent whole mornings on the river, I alwa

4、ys go home with an empty bag. Its driver had a lot of trouble _(試圖停車) trying to stop it 預(yù)測：很可能會(huì)考不定式（infinitive）。也該考人家不定式了2虛擬語氣（subjunctive mood）：2道89. The victim _（本來會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來） if he had been taken to hospital in time. （2006. 12 ）might have survived88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary _(就不會(huì)被

5、大雨淋了) （2009. 6）答案：wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain點(diǎn)評：本題的考點(diǎn)仍然為兩個(gè)：第一個(gè)是考查對虛擬語氣的掌握,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)。第二是考查對短語be caught by 的掌握，意思為“被所困”， 另外注意對雨這個(gè)概念的修飾，一定要用heavy rain 而不是big rain 。虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測、或建議。而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。虛擬語氣通過謂語動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來表示（一）虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句 主句謂語形式從句謂語形式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反would(should, could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形過去式

6、(be用were)與過去事實(shí)相反would(should, could,might) + have+過去分詞had+過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反would(should, could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形過去式或were to(should)+動(dòng)詞原形exercise強(qiáng)化例句：If, at the time, the British, it would have been completed. （不害怕侵略）had not feared invasion預(yù)測：很可能會(huì)考一道虛擬現(xiàn)在的句子，如：If dad were alive, he would be horrified. 或者對將來的虛擬If

7、it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.3倒裝 （inversion）：樣題1道&真題1道Not only_ （他向我收費(fèi)過高）, but he didnt do a good repair job either.did he overcharge me 考點(diǎn)：Not only 引起的部分倒裝 （助動(dòng)詞提前）正常結(jié)構(gòu)：He not only overcharged me, but he didnt do a good repair job either.強(qiáng)化例句：Only on one occasion have I eve

8、r felt frightened. （新概念英語）91. (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.（）Not until he had finished the mission考點(diǎn)：Not until 引起的部分倒裝 （助動(dòng)詞提前）正常結(jié)構(gòu)：He didnt realize that he was seriously ill until he had finished the mission 強(qiáng)化例句：直到老師進(jìn)來學(xué)生們才停止講話。 Not until the teacher came in did the students sto

9、p talking.倒 裝 結(jié) 構(gòu) 1.概念：把謂語動(dòng)詞的全部或一部分放在主語之前，就叫“倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)”. 如： Are you fond of pop music? Away flew the bird. On the wall hangs a picture. 2.分類：部分倒裝& 完全倒裝完全倒裝：全部謂語位于主語之前。 Here comes a bus.部分倒裝：只有助動(dòng)詞位于主語之前。 Never shall I forget about it. Only in this way can we succeed.一、完全倒裝() 在there, here 引導(dǎo)的句子中，謂語是be, exi

10、st, live,lie 等表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。1.There is nobody in the classroom.2.There happened an event last week.3.There stands a temple at the foot of the mountain.(2)、在there/here ,now/then, out/in, up/down/away, off等開頭的句子中,主語是名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞為come, go, 等動(dòng)詞時(shí)。There goes the bell.Now comes your turn.Out rushed the boy.The door o

11、pened and in came Mr. smith.注意：主語是人稱代詞時(shí),則不需倒裝。 Here he comes. Here it is.(3)、such提前時(shí)，整個(gè)句子需倒裝。*Such is our teacher, who loves his students very much.*Such is life!這就是生活!(4)、地點(diǎn)狀語提前，且謂語是be , stand, sit , lie 等動(dòng)詞時(shí),為了保持句子平衡。1.On every piece of paper was a picture of a horse.2.From a speaker on the wall c

12、omes the doctors voice.3.On the ground lay a sick goat.二. 部分倒裝句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until /not only/hardlywhen 等。 I have never seen such a performance. Never have I seen such a performance. He could hardly read or write. Hardly could he rea

13、d or write. She did not leave the room until the baby fell _asleep. Not until the baby fell asleep did she leave.注意hardlywhen/no soonerthan的結(jié)構(gòu):I had hardly reached the bus stop when it began to rain.Hardly had I reached the bus stop when it began to rain.2) so, neither, nor 作部分倒裝 表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒裝

14、.注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí),意為“的確如此”,不用倒裝。也會(huì) If you wont go, _.(我也不去）So can Jack neither will ITom is a clever boy. _ . “Its raining hard.” _.So he is“So it is.”3)、only+狀語在句首引起的句子要倒裝 1.Only in this way can you learn English well.2.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.3.Only

15、when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed.4) as“雖然”引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 Though he is a child, he knows something of electricity.Child as he is ,he knows something of electricity.Though he pushed hard, he could not move it.Hard as he pushed it, he could not move it.5)so/suchthat句型中的so/such位于句首時(shí),需倒裝。 So angry wa

16、s he that he declined to answer my questions. Such great progress did he make that we were all proud of him.4狀語從句（adverbial clauses）：六道。重要考點(diǎn)。1） 目的狀語 （adverbial clauses of purpose）：2道88. In order to_, Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. (掙錢支付我的學(xué)費(fèi)) （2006. 6） make money to support my

17、schooling 89. Youb better take a sweater with you _(以防天氣冷). （）In case it turns cold.強(qiáng)化例句：This time he was crying for help so that _有人會(huì)放他出去Someone would let him out目的狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so that, in order that，that特殊引導(dǎo)詞：lest, in case(以免), for fear that/of，in the hope that, for the purpose that, on purpose thatT

18、he boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. Take your raincoat in case it rains/ (should) rain.Ill explain it to him lest he (should) doubt me.exercise2) 讓步狀語 (adver

19、bial clauses of concession)：3道 91. Though a skilled worker, (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.（2006. 6） he was fired by the company89.I am going to pursue this course, 無論我要作出什么樣的犧牲. (07.12) no matter whatever sacrifices I will make 89. Leaving ones job, 不管是什么工作, is a difficult chang

20、e even for those who look forward to retiring. （） whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is 2).讓步狀語從句(不管;盡管)常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as，while ( 一般用在句首 ), in spite of the fact that,; no matter ，whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverThe old man always enj

21、oys swimming even though the it is ice-cold outside.不管你有多忙, he always insists on coming with you. No matter how busy you are2） 時(shí)間狀語 （adverbial clauses of time）：1道90. Some psychologists claim that people （出門在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)）（2006. 12 ） may feel lonely when theyre away from home. 91. The anti-virus agent wa

22、s not known (直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了它) (2008. 12 )until a doctor discovered it accidentally / by chance. 時(shí)間狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, before, after, since , till, until, as soon as特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, directly, immediately; (一 就) no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely wh

23、enexercise他直到媽媽進(jìn)來才起床他一直工作到天黑He did not get up till his mother came in。 He worked until it was dark3) 條件狀語 （adverbial clauses of condition）：1道91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning 如果你方便的話 . (2007. 6) if its convenient for you. exercise：如果你得到這樣的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，千萬不能錯(cuò)過它If you receive a opportunity like this

24、, you cannot fail to seize it! 條件狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless, 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：in case（萬一); as/so long as, on condition that, only if ; providing/provided that, suppose/supposing that(倘若假使) Well start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.只要堅(jiān)持努力，你一定會(huì)成功的如果總統(tǒng)同意的話，我

25、們將開始我們的項(xiàng)目4） 比較狀語 3道&樣題1道88. Since my childhood I have found that （沒有什么比讀書對我更有吸引力 （2006. 12） to me, nothing is more interesting than reading. 90. The more you explain, （我愈糊涂）（2006. 6） the more confused I am 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that (我比以前更容易累了). (2007.12)I get tired more easily t

26、han before 90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only (一半的錢) in a day in Leeds as in London. （樣題） half as much (money) 9) 比較狀語從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級比較)as, not soas ; than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more the more , A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than She is as bad-tempered as her father (is) .The house is

27、three times as big as ours.她跟她的父親脾氣一樣壞那個(gè)房子跟我們的一樣大More exerciseThe older I get, 我越開心（新編英語語法教程）the happier I am預(yù)測： 很可能會(huì)考結(jié)果狀語（adverbial of result）、 原因狀語（adverbial of reason）、 方式狀語（adverbial of manner）、 地點(diǎn)狀語（adverbial of place）。5定語從句 （attributive clauses）：3道88. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is（我們

28、可以合作的領(lǐng)域 ） （） the field （where） we can cooperate. 90. (與我成長的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting . (2008.6)Compared with the place where I grew up 87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他們至今還沒有答案) (2008.12) (which / that ) they have not come up with / fou

29、nd a solution to. 定語從句概念:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞 的句子. (Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容詞作定語句子作定語,修飾girl, 叫做定語從句1.The man is a worker.2.The man is speaking at the meeting.合并句子: The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.Mary is a girl.Mary has long hair.合并為

30、一個(gè)句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句Mary is a girl who has long hair.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which, who, whom, whose, thatWhere, when 定語從句的用法:當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí), 用which 或that引導(dǎo).These are the trees which were planted last year.當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí), 用who, whom, whose, that引導(dǎo).who, whom, whose, that用法區(qū)別.who 作定語從句的主語或賓語. The man who

31、 is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解作主語Whom 作定語從句的賓語 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解作賓語whose 作定語從句的定語. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解I know the girl.Th

32、e girls mother is a teacher.作定語that 可以作定語從句的主語和賓語.注意: 關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)可 省略. The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.Exercise1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was

33、wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.

34、9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat句子翻譯1.這就是救了那個(gè)孩子命的醫(yī)生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那個(gè)人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3. 我喜歡可以隨之而唱的音樂. I like the music that I can sing along with.4. 住在隔壁的那個(gè)女的是一名教師. The woman who lives next door is a teacher.預(yù)測：會(huì)越來

35、越多綜合性越來越強(qiáng)目前還沒有考過非限制性定語從句6.名詞性從句 (Substantive Clause )， 2道91.Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is weighed upon (是用他們能夠借道多少來衡量的), not how much they can earn.（）how much they can borrow 90. _(很多人所沒有意識(shí)到的)is that Simon is a lover of sports , and football in particular .（）what many p

36、eople dont realize / what a host of folks dont realize 1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son has become a thief.3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句I 名詞性從句的種類二重點(diǎn)單詞（key words）： 12道。 89. The professor

37、required that (我們交研究報(bào)告) by Wednesday.（2006. 6）we (should) hand in the research report 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to adapt(使自己適應(yīng)另一種不同的文化)(2006.12 ) oneself to life in different cultures. 87. The finding of this study failed to consider (將人們的睡眠質(zhì)量考慮在內(nèi) ) (2007. 6 )

38、the quality of humans sleep. 87. (多虧了一系列的新發(fā)明），doctors can treat this disease successfully.(07.12) Owing to (或 thanks to) a series of new inventions 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete (決定退出比賽) (2007. 6 ) decided to quit the match90. To make donations or for more information, please contact us

39、 (按以下地址和我們聯(lián)系) (2007. 6 )at the following address 89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are (更有可能增加體重) (2009. 6) more likely to put on weight91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (與缺乏鍛煉密切相關(guān)) (2009. 6) closely linked to the lack of exercise 91.Thou

40、gh a skilled worker, (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. (2006. 6) he was fired by the company 90 I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because (它更方便和省時(shí)). (2007. 12) it is more convenient and efficient 87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this researc