21世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語讀寫教程(第二冊)課文翻譯及課后答案1-7單元

1、21世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語讀寫教程(第二冊)課文翻譯及課后答案第一單元UNIT1 翻譯TEXT A 溫斯頓?丘吉爾他的另一種生活瑪麗?索姆斯我的父親溫斯頓?丘吉爾是在40幾歲開始迷戀上繪畫的，當(dāng)時(shí)他正身處逆境。1915年，作為海軍大臣，他深深地卷入了達(dá)達(dá)尼爾海峽的一場戰(zhàn)役。原本那次戰(zhàn)役是能夠縮短一場血腥的世界大戰(zhàn)的，但它卻失敗了，人員傷亡慘重，為此丘吉爾作為公務(wù)員和個人都付出了代價(jià)：他被免去了海軍部的職務(wù)，失去了顯赫的政治地位。 “我本以為他會因憂傷而死的?！彼钠拮涌巳R門泰因說。被這一不幸壓垮的他同家人一起退隱到薩里郡的一個鄉(xiāng)間居處-耘鋤農(nóng)場。在那兒，正如丘吉爾日后所回憶的，“繪畫女神拯救了我!” 一

2、天他正在花園里漫步，正巧碰上他的弟妹在用水彩畫素描。他觀看了她幾分鐘，然后借過她的畫筆，試了一下身手-于是繆斯女神施展了她的魔法。自那天以后，溫斯頓便愛上了繪畫。 任何能讓沉浸在憂思中的溫斯頓分心的事情都讓克萊門泰因高興。于是，她趕緊去買來她所能找到的各種顏料和畫具。水彩顏料、油畫顏料、紙張、帆布畫布-很快耘鋤農(nóng)場里便堆滿了一個繪畫者可能想要或需要的各樣?xùn)|西。 畫油畫最終成了溫斯頓的一大愛好-但是最初幾步卻出奇地艱難。他凝視著他的第一塊空白畫布，異乎尋常地緊張。他日后回憶道：“我遲疑不決地選了一管藍(lán)色顏料，然后小心翼翼地在雪白的底子上的畫上蠶豆般大小的一筆。就在這時(shí)，我聽到車道上傳來一輛汽車的

3、聲音，于是驚恐地丟下我的畫筆。當(dāng)我看清是誰從汽車?yán)镒叱鰜頃r(shí)，更是驚慌失措。來者正是住在附近的著名畫家約翰?萊佛利爵士的妻子。 “在畫畫呢!她大聲說道。多么有趣?？赡氵€在等什么呢? 把畫筆給我-大的那支。她猛地用筆蘸起顏料，還沒等我緩過神來，她已經(jīng)揮筆潑墨在驚恐不已的畫布上畫下了有力的幾道藍(lán)色。誰都看得出畫布無法回?fù)?。我不再遲疑。我抓起那支最大的畫筆，迅猛異常地向我可憐的犧牲品撲了過去。自那以后，我再也不曾害怕過畫布?！?后來教丘吉爾畫畫的萊佛利曾經(jīng)說起過他這位不同尋常的學(xué)生的藝術(shù)才能：“如果他當(dāng)初選擇的是繪畫而不是政治，他定會成為一位駕馭畫筆的大師?！?在繪畫中，丘吉爾發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個將陪他走過大半

4、人生的伴侶。1921年，他的母親去世，兩個月后，他又失去了他和克萊門泰因的3歲愛女瑪麗戈?duì)柕?。那時(shí)，繪畫是他的慰藉。悲痛欲絕的溫斯頓住到了蘇格蘭朋友們的家中-并在他的繪畫中尋得安慰。他寫信給克萊門泰因：“我外出畫了一條在午后陽光下的美麗的河流，背景是紅色和金黃色的山巒。愛憐的思緒油然而生啊，我一直感受到失去瑪麗戈?duì)柕碌耐闯??！?生命、愛和希望慢慢地復(fù)蘇了。1922年9月，克萊門泰因和溫斯頓的另一個孩子出生了：那就是我。同年，溫斯頓買下了查特威爾，這是他將在以后40年里畫出其所有不同風(fēng)貌的他所鐘愛的家。 20世紀(jì)20年代中期，我父親在倫敦舉行的一次享有盛名的業(yè)余畫展中贏得了一等獎，當(dāng)時(shí)他一定頗為

5、得意。參賽作品不署名，所以一些評委堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為溫斯頓的畫-有關(guān)查特威爾的第一批畫作中的一幅-是一位專業(yè)畫家而不是一位業(yè)余畫家的作品，所以應(yīng)該取消其參賽資格。但最后，他們同意信賴那位藝術(shù)家的誠實(shí)，而在得知那幅畫為丘吉爾所作時(shí)他們都很高興。 史學(xué)家們一直把1929年溫斯頓再次被免職后的10年稱為他無所作為的十年。也許政治上那些年（他）的確毫無作為，因?yàn)樗粋€人大聲疾呼，想要喚醒英國人認(rèn)識到來自希特勒的威脅，然而響應(yīng)者寥寥無幾。但在藝術(shù)上，那些年卻碩果累累：現(xiàn)存的500多幅丘吉爾的油畫中，約有一半作于1930年至1939年之間。 繪畫始終是丘吉爾的一種樂趣，直到他生命的結(jié)束?！爱嫾沂切腋５?，”他在他的作

6、為一種消遣的繪畫一書中寫道，“因?yàn)樗麄儾粫陋?dú)。光線與色彩，寧靜與希望，將終日伴隨著他們。” 對我的父親來說也是這樣。Text Comprehension II1. It was a military campaign in which many soldiers died. The effects on Churchill were () he lost his political position and he was overwhelmed with grief.2. He felt so inspired to paint that he was distracted from his

7、 personal problems.3. His sister-in-laws painting inspired him to try his hand at it; his wife rushed out to buy all the materials he would need; and the wife of Sir John Lavery helped him overcome his fear of the blank canvas.4. The blank whiteness of the canvas made him feel he didnt know where to

8、 begin. This nervousness was not typical of Churchill, who was known publicly as a brave and strong-willed person.5. Churchill was comparing the canvas to an opponent in a fight, and he could now see that he need not fear his “adversary”.6. He meant that Churchill would have been a great painter, ju

9、st as he was a great politician. 7. It was his great comfort when the death of his mother was followed quickly by the death of his daughter.8. Because the judges suspected that it was not painted by an amateur; they were later surprised and delighted because Churchill was not just a famous political

10、 figure but also a talented untrained artist.9. No, she considers that decade an artistically fruitful one.10. He meant that painting was like a friend who never betrayed or abandoned him. This seems to suggest that he often felt lonely, misunderstood and/or disappointed in his relationship with oth

11、er people.Vocabulary III.1.artistic 2.overcome 3.infinite 4.plunged 5.mission 6.camgpain 7.revived 8.distract 9.accustomed 10.retreat 11.precaution 12. disastrous IV.1. delighted with 2. bore fruit 3. kept Clementine company 4. rely on 5. take refuge 6. awaken people to 7. pay the price 8. chanced u

12、pon; dated from 9. tried his hand at 10. fell upon; came to her rescueWord BuildingV. 1. broadens the mind 2. weakened 3. sweeten Diet Coke 4.hardens 5. strengthen 6. deepen your understanding of the course materiall 7. sharpen the kitchen knives 8. reddened 9. brighten; quickens 10. lightenedVI.1.

13、lucky 2. wealthy 3. tasty 4. icy 5. wavy 6. smelly 7. sleepy 8. noisy (smelly is also plausible) 9. healthy 10. sunnyStructureVII.1. Amazed at the great changes that are taking place in shanghai, many foreign visitors leave China with a completely new view of our country. 2. Unpleasantly startled by

14、 the appearance of a mouse, we promptly decided to clean our apartment. 3. Tired of their own cooking, theyve decided to go to a restaurant for a change.4. Frightened by the horror film, the little girl was alert to every sound in the house that night. 5. Deeply disappointed with the actresss perfor

15、mance, tom soon switched to another channel.6. Embarrassed about still being in bed at 10 a.m., when my friends came I pretended to be sick with a terrible headache. VIII.1. So I did 2. So did my brother 3. So she was 4. So they do; so do his classmates 5. So am I ClozeIXlonely; overcame; refuge; fi

16、nally; however; where; delighted; contemplated; entry; campaign; distract; plunged into; Within a month; rescue; when; overwhelming Translation X.“在畫畫呢!她大聲說道。多么有趣?？赡氵€在等什么呢? 把畫筆給我-大的那支。她猛地用筆蘸起顏料，還沒等我緩過神來，她已經(jīng)揮筆潑墨在驚恐不已的畫布上畫下了有力的幾道藍(lán)色。誰都看得出畫布無法回?fù)簟Ｎ也辉龠t疑。我抓起那支最大的畫筆，迅猛異常地向我可憐的犧牲品撲了過去。自那以后，我再也不曾害怕過畫布。”XI1. W

17、hen his wife died of a stroke in her sixties, the 72-year-old retired professor was overwhelmed by grief. Life would be too difficult for him without anybody to rely on.2. Last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures in London. Many people went to see it, including a few cele

18、brated professors.3. When seven astronauts died in the Challenger disaster in the mid-1980s, it plunged the whole world into shock and grief.4. After completing her second prime ministry, she remained actively involved in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government wa

19、s in difficulty.5. After his failure in the election campaign, Dr. Smith retired to a small village, where he tried his hand at farming. 6. As long as you keep working hard all your life, you will recall your past with a glow of satisfaction.7. We must awaken people to the importance of environmenta

20、l protection now, or it will soon be too late.8. That official was removed from office for being involved in a political scandal. Had he known this would happen, he might have acted differently. Reading AnalysisXII.Major Event: Life and love and hope slowly revived.How did the change happen?(1)Churc

21、hill bought a new house. (2) Another child was born to Churchill.Structured WritingXIII. One example, for referenceMy sister Stephanie began her love affair with television in the second grade amid highly emotional circumstances. She had had a quarrel with her best friend, and found herself alone an

22、d lonely every day after school with nothing to do. Thats when the miracle of television came toText 第二單元翻譯UNIT2 TEXT A 他們?yōu)楹纬鲱惏屋停扛豢怂?巴特菲爾德 當(dāng)鄭金枝的父親用積蓄的錢為她買了一張票，讓她乘上一條將帶她離開越南的漁船時(shí)，她才9歲。對這個家庭來說，將金枝送上小船，置身于陌生人中間，是一種令人心碎、代價(jià)昂貴的犧牲。他們只愿她最終能到達(dá)美國，在那兒受到良好的教育，享受更美好的生活。 對小女孩來說，這是一次充滿危險(xiǎn)的艱苦旅程。 在小船到達(dá)安全之地以前很久，食物和水的貯備

23、已經(jīng)用完。當(dāng)金枝最終到達(dá)美國后，她又不得不同一連3個收養(yǎng)家庭相處。但是當(dāng)她1998年從圣地亞哥的帕特里克?亨利中學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)，她取得了全優(yōu)的成績以及這個國家最享盛名的幾所大學(xué)提供的獎學(xué)金。 “我必須取得好成績，”這個現(xiàn)為康奈爾大學(xué)二年級學(xué)生的19歲姑娘說，“這樣我才對得起在越南的父母。” 金枝是一群聰明伶俐、積極進(jìn)取的美籍亞裔中的一員，他們正突然潮水般地涌入我們最好的大學(xué)。雖然美籍亞裔只占全國人口的2.4%，但他們在哈佛的本科生中卻占了17.1%， 在麻省理工學(xué)院占了18%，在加州大學(xué)伯克利分校占了27.3%。 為什么美籍亞裔的成績這樣優(yōu)秀呢? 他們是否像一些陳舊的看法所暗示的那樣是些埋頭用功的學(xué)

24、生? 他們是否有更高的智商? 或者在我們一向珍視，但也許已經(jīng)丟失的價(jià)值觀-如敬業(yè)、家庭和教育等方面，我們是否可以向他們學(xué)到一些有用的東西呢? 并非所有的亞裔人都學(xué)得一樣好；比如，沒受過什么教育的柬埔寨難民的孩子就常常需要特殊的幫助。許多美籍亞裔人不喜歡被稱為“模范的少數(shù)民族”，他們感到這是美國白人的逆向歧視-雖與1965年以前排斥大多數(shù)亞洲移民進(jìn)入美國的法律截然不同，但仍是一種偏見。 亞裔年輕人的成績已經(jīng)引發(fā)了一系列引人注目的研究。也許最令人不安的結(jié)果來自于密歇根大學(xué)心理學(xué)家哈羅德?W?斯蒂文森進(jìn)行的研究。他將芝加哥和明尼阿波利斯7000多名幼兒園、一年級、三年級和五年級的學(xué)生同他們在北京、臺

25、北和仙臺的同級伙伴作了比較。在一組數(shù)學(xué)測試中，美國學(xué)生在所有的年級層次上都考得最差。 斯蒂文森沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)智商上的差別。 但是如果成績上的差異在幼兒園就開始顯現(xiàn)，那就表明事情出在家庭中，甚至是在孩子們上學(xué)之前。 正是在這一點(diǎn)上，各研究者的不同研究趨于了一致：亞洲的父母在激發(fā)孩子的學(xué)習(xí)動力方面做得更好?！皼Q定的因素是亞洲孩子學(xué)習(xí)努力。”斯蒂文森說。 接下來，真正要弄清的問題是，亞洲父母是如何將這種學(xué)習(xí)動力灌輸給他們的后代的。 斯蒂文森的研究提出了一個重要的答案。當(dāng)被問及他們認(rèn)為他們的孩子為什么學(xué)得好時(shí)，大多數(shù)亞洲父母說是“用功”。而美國父母則說是“天賦”。 “依我看，”斯蒂文森說，“對于我們都能通過

26、艱苦努力在生活中取得成功的觀念我們已經(jīng)不再相信。相反，美國人現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為有的孩子具備成功所必需的素質(zhì)，而有的孩子則不具備。于是我們開始把班級分為快班和慢班，而中國人和日本人則認(rèn)為所有的孩子都能在同一課程中成功?！?這種對于勤奮的信念是促成亞洲學(xué)生成績突出的三大要素中的第一個。它來源于亞洲人共同的儒教傳統(tǒng)，即公元前5世紀(jì)那位中國圣人的哲學(xué)思想，他的教義對中國社會產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響?？追蜃拥闹饕塘x之一是，人們通過努力能夠完善自我。 儒教也為亞洲人的成功提供了另一個要素。在孔夫子的哲學(xué)中，家庭起著最重要的作用-這種定向引導(dǎo)人們?yōu)榧彝サ臉s譽(yù)而學(xué)習(xí)工作，而不僅僅是為了他們自己。一個人永遠(yuǎn)無法報(bào)答他的父母，而

27、且在亞洲人中間還有一種責(zé)任感、乃至負(fù)罪感，這是一種如同新教哲學(xué)在西方一樣的強(qiáng)大力量。 還有另外一個重要因素存在于亞洲父母及其子女的這種關(guān)系中。 在我住在中國、日本和越南的15年間，我注意到同大多數(shù)美國父母相比，亞洲父母同他們的嬰兒建立了一種更為親密的身體聯(lián)系。比如，當(dāng)我讓幼小的女兒在地板上爬時(shí)，我的中國朋友們會大驚失色，沖過去把她抱起來。我們認(rèn)為這種無時(shí)不在的關(guān)心已經(jīng)過時(shí)、甚至是不健康的，但是對于亞洲人來說，它卻十分有效。 我們能從亞洲人那兒學(xué)到點(diǎn)什么嗎？“我還沒有天真到認(rèn)為亞洲的每樣?xùn)|西都能被移植過來。”斯蒂文森說。但是，他卻提出了3條建議。 “首先，”他說，“我們需要為我們的孩子們確立更高

28、的目標(biāo)。我們不會指望他們不經(jīng)過刻苦訓(xùn)練就能成為職業(yè)運(yùn)動員?！?第二，他宣稱，美國父母需要更加關(guān)心子女的教育?！霸诤⒆颖憩F(xiàn)不好時(shí)表示理解是不夠的?！?斯蒂文森發(fā)現(xiàn)，亞洲父母比美國父母花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間幫助孩子做作業(yè)或者寫信給孩子的老師。 第三，我們的學(xué)?？梢杂煤唵味行У姆绞郊右灾亟M，斯蒂文森說。近90%的中國年輕人說他們確實(shí)喜歡學(xué)校， 60%的年輕人迫不及待地盼著學(xué)校假期結(jié)束。同美國年輕人所表示的態(tài)度相比，這種態(tài)度要積極得多。原因之一也許是中國和日本的學(xué)生一般在每節(jié)課后都有一段休息時(shí)間， 這有助于他們放松并增加注意力集中的持續(xù)時(shí)間。 “我并不認(rèn)為亞洲人更聰明?！辈死囊晃幻兰畞喴釋W(xué)生李?唐說，“

29、在我的化學(xué)班里，有一些很聰明的美國人。但是亞洲學(xué)生更刻苦。我在美國人身上看到很多被浪費(fèi)的潛能。”ComprehensionIIa 1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6 F 7Tb. 1I 2I 3 I 4N 5I 6N 7I 8NVocabularyIII.1.label 2.converged 3.sacrifices 4.motivate 5.transplanted 6.horrified 7.bond 8.constitute 9.surged 10.prejudice 11.resents 12. recommendations IV.NB. these are not the only

30、 possible synoms/definitions/translations.1. carried out; conducted, performed 2. led to; resulted in, caused 3. springs from; arises from, comes from 4. get ahead; make progress in life, achieve more, etc.5. showed up; appeared, arrived 6. make up; constitute, comprise 7. owes it to; 歸功于 8. cope wi

31、th; find a way of dealing with, manage9. divided the cake into; 把蛋糕分成 10. excluded from; 被剝奪了11. committed to; devoted to, dedicated to 12. make it to; arrive at or on after much effort V. 1. sense of guilt 2. finally 3. imbued her with 4.offspring 5. horrified, motivated me 6. recommendations, To s

32、tart with 7. naive 8. by contrast Word BuildingVI.1. misplaced 2. mismatched 3. misusing 4. mislead 5. misprinted 6. misinformed 7. misspelled 8. misunderstood StructureVII.1. After the earthquake the government spent millions of dollars to help the victims rebuild their houses. 2. ill you reconside

33、r your decision? No one wants you to leave.3. Some of Lu Xuns writings were lost for decades, but they were rediscovered in the mid-80s.4. I see no need to restate the policy on late homework. 5. The librarys been rearranged, and I cant find any of the books I need.6. I hope this dictionary will be

34、reprinted soonId like to buy one.7. Stevie Wonders earliest albums have been unavailable for several years, but theyre being re-released next month. 8. I didnt care much for the book the first time, but I enjoyed it when I reread it. 9. John Harding is best known for reinterpreting Shakespeares play

35、s.10. Youve misunderstood melet me rephrase what I said. VIII.A. gardener calculator receiver container commander remainder hike inspector steamer processor supervise builder contributor consumer paint teenager B. 1.superviser 2. inspector 3. remainder 4. processor 5. gardener 6. calculator 7. comma

36、nder 8. container 9. hiking 10. teenagers StructureIX1. It was for the benefit of the old people in the neighborhood that we organized this volunteer group. 2. It is only when we look back that we realize how far we have come.3. It is his secretary who does all the work.4. It is through the act of g

37、iving that we experience our fullest strength and power. 5. It was gold that led them to undertake the long and risky journey to California. 6. As I recall, it was you who suggested this idea in the first place. 7. It wasnt until last week that they finished their report on the project. 8. Its her b

38、eautiful eyes that I cant forget. X.1. The elephant weighs about 3,600 kg, whereas the blue whale weighs up to 130, 000 kg. 2.The word youngster has a cheerful connotation, whereas offspring sounds rather clinical.3. Confucianism emphasizes family ties, whereas Protestantism teaches individual respo

39、nsibility.4.The earliest mammals appeared on the earth hundred millions years ago, whereas the first evidence of humans dates from only about one million year ago.5. The aim of the natural science is to predict and control natural process, whereas the aim of the social science is to understand human

40、 behavior.6. He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty. Translation XI.儒教也為亞洲人的成功提供了另一個要素。在孔夫子的哲學(xué)中，家庭起著最重要的作用-這種定向引導(dǎo)人們?yōu)榧彝サ臉s譽(yù)而學(xué)習(xí)工作，而不僅僅是為了他們自己。一個人永遠(yuǎn)無法報(bào)答他的父母，而且在亞洲人中間還有一種責(zé)任感、乃至負(fù)罪感，這是一種如同新教哲學(xué)在西方一樣的強(qiáng)大力量。 XII.9. Female students constitute the majority of our class. By contrast, their cl

41、ass is made up of males only. 10. American children can usually watch TV three hours a day, whereas their Chinese counterparts have to work on their homework during most their after-school time. 11. His development of a series of new research methods led to his huge success. He said he owed all this

42、 to his parents encouragement.12. He resented being excluded from discussions that directly concerned his future. 13. The fact that these problems are continually showing up suggests that this new device has to be readjusted.14. As one of the many Asian students who have surged into the best America

43、n universities in recent years, Zhang Hua says that many of his ideas are based on traditional Chinese philosophy.15. To start with, it is not merely money that makes Mr. Young work so hard. He is committed to educating the young and tires to motivate them to get ahead in life. 16. As time was runni

44、ng out, we drove even faster in the hope that we could make it to the airport in time. ClozeXIII1. immigrant 2. than 3. obligation 4. motivated 5. widespread 6. however 7. although 8. discrimination 9. but/although 10. One day 11. guilty 12. horrified 13. repay 14. owe Reading AnalysisXII.Stevenson

45、offered three recommendations:To start with, we need higher standards for our kids second, American parents need to become more committed to their childrens education. And third, our school could be reorganized in simple but effective ways. Structured WritingXIII. One example, for referenceStudents

46、at our university admire their English teachers for three main reasons. To start with, the teachers hard work and dedication are highly inspiring to us. Second, the wonderfully creative lessons they prepare strongly motivate us to study as hard as we should. And third, our teachers warmly human char

47、acters create bonds of friendship that will last forever. 第三單元翻譯UNIT3 TEXT A 一個文化翻譯的故事西方和日本公司的合資企業(yè)經(jīng)常會發(fā)生沖突-許多無關(guān)緊要的瑣事會擴(kuò)大為情緒激動的交戰(zhàn)， 各方不停地叫嚷：“他們是怎么了!?他們能不能理解?!” 但是因?yàn)闆_突主要是由文化差異引起的，所以沒有一方能夠理解-除非他們有一名“文化翻譯”。 我遇到的第一位文化翻譯是一位設(shè)備安裝工程師，名叫喬治，他在一家我擔(dān)任國際業(yè)務(wù)部主任的美國公司里工作。 這家公司剛同一家日本商社開辦了一家合資企業(yè)，美方管理部門需要有人在它的獨(dú)特技術(shù)方面培訓(xùn)日本雇員。喬

48、治對設(shè)備及其安裝和使用的透徹了解使他成為最能勝任這項(xiàng)工作的雇員， 所以當(dāng)喬治接受了暫時(shí)調(diào)往日本的一份兩年期合同時(shí)，大家都很高興。 從一開始，喬治就被所有的日本雇員欣然接受。日方經(jīng)理通常不信任任何被派去代表美方業(yè)主的人，但喬治生性隨和，沒有人把他看作是對自己職業(yè)的一種威脅。所以他們喜歡就廣泛的各類問題征求他的意見，包括大洋彼岸他們的合作伙伴的古怪行為。公司上下的工程師們都珍視喬治的專業(yè)知識和他友好而技能熟練的幫助，他們已養(yǎng)成了一有問題-任何問題，就找他幫忙的習(xí)慣。辦公室里的秘書們都熱衷于幫助這個討人喜歡的單身漢學(xué)習(xí)日語。 誰也沒有料到那么快公司就成了一家贏利、興旺、日益壯大的企業(yè)。喬治的第一份兩

49、年期合同到期了。這時(shí)，他已經(jīng)能講很好的日語，并養(yǎng)成了一些日本人的習(xí)慣。他整天喝綠茶，頓頓吃米飯，甚至學(xué)會了正確地坐榻榻米。所以，當(dāng)公司向喬治提出在日本的第二份兩年期合同的建議時(shí)，他立即就接受了。之后又有第三份合同，喬治與日本文化的情緣在繼續(xù)著。 但是當(dāng)喬治在這個國家的第6個年頭即將結(jié)束時(shí)，一個未曾料到的困難變得顯而易見了：日本工程師對迅速更新的技術(shù)的了解已經(jīng)超過了喬治。他沒有什么剩下的東西可以教他們了。 難道這就是可憐的喬治的結(jié)局嗎? 他對于這家他曾經(jīng)如此忠誠地服務(wù)過的、現(xiàn)已成熟的合資企業(yè)，就再也沒有什么可以貢獻(xiàn)的了嗎? 他只得離開他已開始愛上的這個國家嗎? 不! 面對著要離開日本的威脅，喬治

50、心有不甘，于是將自己重新塑造成了一名“文化翻譯”。 一天，這家合資企業(yè)的日方總裁-又一次-被來自美方管理層的一份電文激怒了，喬治就是在那一天產(chǎn)生了做一名“文化翻譯”這一想法的。像通常碰到類似的情況時(shí)一樣，日方總裁沖進(jìn)喬治的辦公室，怒氣沖沖地將那份電文扔到了他面前。喬治也同往常一樣，讀了電文，然后心平氣和地解釋了美國人這樣說的真正意思，而不是在日本文化背景下聽上去的那種意思。 對大家來說都很幸運(yùn)的是，合資企業(yè)的日方和美方都已經(jīng)聽說過足夠多的有關(guān)文化沖突的駭人故事，他們能夠認(rèn)識到喬治的技能的價(jià)值，所以當(dāng)他為自己提出這個新的職位時(shí)，這個想法很快便被采納了。在這幾年中，這一決定的英明一次又一次地得到了

51、證明。 有時(shí)我們需要比熟練的英語遠(yuǎn)為重要的東西。當(dāng)日方會計(jì)師不得不解釋花在874份十二月假日禮物上的46,534美元時(shí)，就是這么一種情況?；蛘弋?dāng)日方人事經(jīng)理不得不說明即使公司不再需要一個化學(xué)師的專業(yè)知識仍要繼續(xù)聘用他的理由時(shí)也是如此。在諸如此類的情況下，人人都求助于喬治。 他用各種辦法讓他們的電文使美國人聽上去至少有一部分道理。當(dāng)有些事連喬治也無法“譯”成美國式的含義時(shí)，他會寫道：“這聽上去很荒唐，但你們無論如何也應(yīng)該同意?！?反之亦然。當(dāng)美方經(jīng)理們訪問日本時(shí)，喬治便處處陪著我們，以確保我們不會做出或說出任何在日本人看來十分愚蠢的事或話來。 一旦我們做了蠢事， 說了蠢話，他馬上就來解救：“他們

52、真正的意思是”多虧喬治有辦法在小沖突激化、情緒化、造成巨大損失之前就將其化解，公司從未出現(xiàn)過成堆的麻煩。 自把那家公司交到能干的喬治手中以來， 我已經(jīng)在國際業(yè)務(wù)方面為許多公司出謀劃策。我的第一條建議總是相同的：不要擔(dān)心語言問題-你首先需要的是一名文化翻譯。方面為許多公司出謀劃策。我的第一條建議總是相同的：不要擔(dān)心語言問題-你首先需要的是一名文化翻譯。Text comprehensionII.1. The author is talking about cultural differences: different ways of doing things in different cultur

53、es; different attitudes, traditions, beliefs, etc. she or he says neither side can understand because people are not usually conscious of their deepest cultural attitudes.2. The American company George worked for started a joint venture with a Japanese firm, and they needed someone to train the Japa

54、nese engineers. George was the most highly qualified employee for the position, and he accepted a two-year contract for temporary transfer to Japan.3. The Japanese liked Georges nonassertive nature, his expertise and his willingness to help; its also implied that they liked his efforts to learn Japa

55、nese, and that the secretaries liked the fact that he was single. These qualities contributed to his becoming a cultural translator by making the Japanese trust him, feel comfortable with him, and grow accustomed to asking him for all kinds of advice. 4. He had to reinvent himself because his expert

56、ise as an engineer was no longer needed, but he didnt want to leave Japan. The company accepted his reinvention because they had heard lots of horror stories about cultural conflicts and recognized the value of having someone like George around. 5. The author means that the misunderstandings were no

57、t always merely linguistic. 6. The examples imply that there is a strong group orientation in Japanese business, that sentiment can be as important as profit and efficiency, and that employees may be valued for something other than their material contribution to the company. The fact that these exam

58、ples mystified the US side implies that in American business relations, profit and efficiency are considered more important than sentiment, and that Americans expect logical explanations for decisions, expenditures, etc. 7. Because the words and actions of the American visitors could be misinterpret

59、ed by the Japanese: things that could seem crazy or rude to the Japanese are normal to Americans.8. Because the author believes that language problems are not a serious barrier, compared with cultural differences. VocabularyIII. 1. surpassed 2. approved 3. ensure 4. thriving 5.escalated 6. qualified

60、 7. represent 8. apparent 9. justify 10. conflictsIV. 1. go along with 2. from the farmers viewpoint 3. multitudes of 4. run into 5. come to an end 6. picked up 7. at times 8. gotten into the habit of 9. smooth over 10. the other way around V. 1. due to 2. thanks to 3. Due to 4. Thanks to 5. due to