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1、正文目錄 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250012 本文研究導(dǎo)讀 4 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250011 模擬測(cè)試:實(shí)證不同勝率行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略的表現(xiàn) 5 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250010 不同勝率行業(yè)輪動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)的生成方法 5 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250009 結(jié)合多因子選股模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試 6 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250008 行業(yè)中性狀態(tài)下的組合優(yōu)化模型 6 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250007 引入行業(yè)觀點(diǎn)后的組合優(yōu)化模型 7 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250006 結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)實(shí)證分析 8 HYPER

2、LINK l _TOC_250005 策略測(cè)試:景氣度行業(yè)輪動(dòng)模型在指數(shù)增強(qiáng)中的表現(xiàn) 17 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250004 全市場(chǎng)景氣度輪動(dòng)策略構(gòu)建方法 17 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250003 目標(biāo)指數(shù)內(nèi)定制版景氣度輪動(dòng)策略構(gòu)建方法 20 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250002 景氣度輪動(dòng)策略在滬深 300 增強(qiáng)上的表現(xiàn) 22 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250001 景氣度輪動(dòng)策略在中證 500 增強(qiáng)上的表現(xiàn) 25 HYPERLINK l _TOC_250000 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提示 27圖表目錄圖表 1: 基本面輪動(dòng)系列報(bào)告研究框架 4圖表 2: 不同勝率的

3、行業(yè)輪動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)生成方法 5圖表 3: 結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試框架 6圖表 4: 優(yōu)化示例(行業(yè)中性場(chǎng)景) 7圖表 5: 優(yōu)化示例(行業(yè)偏離場(chǎng)景) 8圖表 6: 組合優(yōu)化參數(shù)設(shè)置 8圖表 7: 結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試結(jié)果(滬深 300,成分股內(nèi)選股) 9圖表 8: 結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試結(jié)果(滬深 300,全市場(chǎng)選股) 10圖表 9: 結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試結(jié)果(中證 500,成分股內(nèi)選股) 11圖表 10: 結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試結(jié)果(中證 500,全市場(chǎng)選股) 12圖表 11: 行業(yè)中性策略表現(xiàn) 13圖表 12: 滬深 300 權(quán)重分布箱型圖(中信一級(jí)行業(yè)) 13

4、圖表 13: 中證 500 權(quán)重分布箱型圖(中信一級(jí)行業(yè)) 13圖表 14: 滬深 300 增強(qiáng)策略相比于滬深 300 指數(shù)的信息比率 14圖表 15: 中證 500 增強(qiáng)策略相比于中證 500 指數(shù)的信息比率 14圖表 16: 滬深 300 增強(qiáng)策略年化超額收益率(指數(shù)內(nèi)選股) 15圖表 17: 中證 500 增強(qiáng)策略年化超額收益率(全市場(chǎng)選股) 15圖表 18: 滬深 300 增強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)(70%勝率,指數(shù)內(nèi)選股,相比中性) 15圖表 19: 滬深 300 增強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)(70%勝率,指數(shù)內(nèi)選股,相比指數(shù)) 15圖表 20: 增強(qiáng)策略相比于中性策略的年化超額收益率 16圖表 21: 增強(qiáng)策略相比于中

5、性策略的信息比率 16圖表 22: 增強(qiáng)策略相比于中性策略的超額收益 Calmar 比率 16圖表 23: 全市場(chǎng)行業(yè)景氣度基礎(chǔ)指標(biāo)池 17圖表 24: 復(fù)合景氣度指標(biāo)構(gòu)建示例 18圖表 25: 全市場(chǎng)復(fù)合景氣度指標(biāo)構(gòu)建流程 18圖表 26: 最終篩選的 17 個(gè)單項(xiàng)行業(yè)景氣度指標(biāo)計(jì)算方法 19圖表 27: 基于景氣度的多空行業(yè)組合絕對(duì)凈值 19圖表 28: 基于景氣度的多空行業(yè)組合相對(duì)凈值 19圖表 29: 基于景氣度的多空行業(yè)組合回測(cè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指標(biāo) 19圖表 30: 基于指數(shù)成分股合成的行業(yè)收益率與中信一級(jí)行業(yè)收益率的秩相關(guān)系數(shù)(頻率:月) 20圖表 31: 定制版行業(yè)景氣度選取的底層指標(biāo) 20

6、圖表 32: 符合篩選條件的單項(xiàng)景氣度指標(biāo)(滬深 300 場(chǎng)景) 21圖表 33: 符合篩選條件的單項(xiàng)景氣度指標(biāo)(中證 500 場(chǎng)景) 21圖表 34: 納入不同個(gè)數(shù)指標(biāo)時(shí)組合回測(cè)結(jié)果(滬深 300 場(chǎng)景) 21圖表 35: 納入不同個(gè)數(shù)指標(biāo)時(shí)組合回測(cè)結(jié)果(中證 500 場(chǎng)景) 21圖表 36: 定制版景氣度輪動(dòng)策略在滬深 300 場(chǎng)景下回測(cè)凈值 22圖表 37: 全市場(chǎng)景氣度輪動(dòng)策略在滬深 300 場(chǎng)景下回測(cè)凈值 22圖表 38: 景氣度輪動(dòng)策略在滬深 300 行業(yè)指數(shù)上的表現(xiàn)(基準(zhǔn)為行業(yè)等權(quán)收益) 22圖表 39: 景氣度輪動(dòng)策略在滬深 300 增強(qiáng)上的表現(xiàn) 23圖表 40: 滬深 300

7、 增強(qiáng)策略年化超額與信息比率(基準(zhǔn)為中性策略) 23圖表 41: 滬深 300 定制版景氣度增強(qiáng)策略凈值走勢(shì)(=2.5,=2) 24圖表 42: 滬深 300 定制版景氣度增強(qiáng)策略業(yè)績(jī)指標(biāo)(=2.5,=2) 24圖表 43: 滬深 300 定制版景氣度增強(qiáng)策略年度收益(=2.5,=2) 24圖表 44: 定制版景氣度輪動(dòng)策略在中證 500 場(chǎng)景下回測(cè)凈值 25圖表 45: 全市場(chǎng)景氣度輪動(dòng)策略在中證 500 場(chǎng)景下回測(cè)凈值 25圖表 46: 景氣度輪動(dòng)策略在中證 500 場(chǎng)景下回測(cè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指標(biāo)(超額收益參照基準(zhǔn)為行業(yè)等權(quán)收益) 25圖表 47: 景氣度輪動(dòng)策略在中證 500 增強(qiáng)上的表現(xiàn) 26圖表

8、 48: 中證 500 增強(qiáng)策略年化超額與信息比率(基準(zhǔn)為中性策略) 26圖表 49: 中證 500 定制版景氣度增強(qiáng)策略凈值走勢(shì)(=5,=1) 27圖表 50: 中證 500 定制版景氣度增強(qiáng)策略業(yè)績(jī)指標(biāo)(=5,=1) 27圖表 51: 中證 500 定制版景氣度增強(qiáng)策略年度收益(=5,=1) 27本文研究導(dǎo)讀基本面輪動(dòng)系列報(bào)告主要聚焦于中觀層面行業(yè)輪動(dòng)研究,在首篇報(bào)告確立研究對(duì)象:行業(yè)拆分與聚類(2020-03-03)中,我們進(jìn)行了行業(yè)拆分和聚類研究,為后續(xù)系列報(bào)告確立了統(tǒng)一的研究對(duì)象;在系列報(bào)告二到五中,我們分別從宏觀風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因子、中觀風(fēng)格因子、微觀經(jīng)營(yíng)模式和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上下游關(guān)系四個(gè)視角進(jìn)行行業(yè)

9、畫像分析,力求從不同維度對(duì)各行業(yè)的核心驅(qū)動(dòng)因素進(jìn)行梳理;在系列報(bào)告六到九中,我們分別從宏觀因子、趨勢(shì)追蹤、景氣度、擁擠度四個(gè)維度展開(kāi)了具體的行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略開(kāi)發(fā)。圖表1: 基本面輪動(dòng)系列報(bào)告研究框架資料來(lái)源:在上篇報(bào)告行業(yè)配置落地:指數(shù)增強(qiáng)篇(2020-11-16)中,我們從指數(shù)增強(qiáng)的角度考察了模擬行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略和真實(shí)行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略的表現(xiàn)。其中,模擬策略是基于中信一級(jí)行業(yè)下一期的真實(shí)表現(xiàn)來(lái)批量生成指定勝率的行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略;真實(shí)策略則是前期系列報(bào)告中研發(fā)的趨勢(shì)追蹤、景氣度等策略。報(bào)告核心結(jié)論如下:1、模擬測(cè)試場(chǎng)景下,同樣勝率的行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略在滬深 300 上的增強(qiáng)效果顯著優(yōu)于中證 500,原因是滬深 300

10、 成分股內(nèi)行業(yè)的相對(duì)表現(xiàn)與中信一級(jí)行業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)度更高(指數(shù)走勢(shì)主要受大市值個(gè)股影響),側(cè)面說(shuō)明針對(duì)不同的指數(shù),應(yīng)該定制相匹配的行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略,換言之,基于一級(jí)行業(yè)層面開(kāi)發(fā)的輪動(dòng)策略很難在不同指數(shù)上都有較好的增強(qiáng)效果;2、真實(shí)策略測(cè)試場(chǎng)景下,景氣度策略的表現(xiàn)顯著優(yōu)于其他策略。本文延續(xù)上篇報(bào)告的研究思路,仍然從模擬策略測(cè)試和真實(shí)策略測(cè)試兩個(gè)場(chǎng)景切入,核心改進(jìn)如下:1、模擬測(cè)試部分,基于指數(shù)成分股合成相應(yīng)的行業(yè)指數(shù),批量生成指定勝率的輪動(dòng)策略,測(cè)試其在指數(shù)增強(qiáng)場(chǎng)景下的表現(xiàn),旨在構(gòu)建一張“行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略勝率指數(shù)增強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)”的參照表,從廣義角度解答多少勝率的策略才能帶來(lái)顯著的增強(qiáng)效果,也為后續(xù)策略開(kāi)發(fā)提供實(shí)操指引

11、;2、 真實(shí)策略測(cè)試部分,考慮到景氣度模型的表現(xiàn)要顯著優(yōu)于其他模型,我們將報(bào)告行業(yè)配置策略:景氣度視角(2020-11-05)中的策略構(gòu)建思路移植到指數(shù)成分股內(nèi),構(gòu)建針對(duì)性更強(qiáng)的景氣度輪動(dòng)策略,提升模型表現(xiàn);3、參數(shù)部分,從更貼近實(shí)踐的角度進(jìn)行設(shè)置,比如上篇報(bào)告中選股范圍集中在指數(shù)成分股內(nèi),本文將測(cè)試場(chǎng)景拓展至全市場(chǎng)選股,且成分股權(quán)重之和不低于 80%。模擬測(cè)試:實(shí)證不同勝率行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略的表現(xiàn)在傳統(tǒng)指數(shù)增強(qiáng)研究中,普遍認(rèn)為引入行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略帶來(lái)的超額收益,相比于其承擔(dān)的超額風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是不劃算的,也即信息比率較低。那么,如果想在指數(shù)增強(qiáng)上有顯著超額表現(xiàn),行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略應(yīng)該具備什么勝率水平?本節(jié)通過(guò)模擬手段

12、批量生成不同勝率的行業(yè)輪動(dòng)觀點(diǎn),并實(shí)證其在指數(shù)增強(qiáng)場(chǎng)景下的表現(xiàn),旨在構(gòu)建一張“行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略勝率指數(shù)增強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)”的參照表,從廣義角度解答多少勝率的策略才能帶來(lái)顯著的增強(qiáng)效果。不同勝率行業(yè)輪動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)的生成方法在上篇報(bào)告行業(yè)配置落地:指數(shù)增強(qiáng)篇(2020-11-16)中,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)基于中信一級(jí)行業(yè)生成的模擬觀點(diǎn)在滬深 300 和中證 500 上的適用性有較大的差別,為了在可比口徑下考察不同指數(shù)上的增強(qiáng)效果,我們將基于指數(shù)成分股來(lái)構(gòu)造行業(yè)指數(shù),進(jìn)而生成模擬策略。具體步驟如下:每月末基于指數(shù)成分股及其權(quán)重合成下月各個(gè)行業(yè)漲跌幅,并根據(jù)合成行業(yè)的漲跌幅中位數(shù)來(lái)確定贏家組合和輸家組合。設(shè)定參數(shù),包含看多、看空的行

13、業(yè)個(gè)數(shù)(本文統(tǒng)一設(shè)置為 5),以及模擬策略的勝率(本文遍歷了 50%至 100%,以 5%為步進(jìn)的 11 個(gè)參數(shù),其中,50%表示完全隨機(jī)預(yù)測(cè),100%表示精準(zhǔn)預(yù)測(cè))。對(duì)于看多、看空觀點(diǎn),分別用長(zhǎng)度為,符合二項(xiàng)式分布(1, )的隨機(jī)數(shù)序列來(lái)表征其準(zhǔn)確度,該隨機(jī)數(shù)序列中,每個(gè)元素取值為 0 或 1,0 表示該觀點(diǎn)看錯(cuò),1 表示該觀點(diǎn)看對(duì);對(duì)于做多觀點(diǎn),看對(duì)就表示從贏家組合中隨機(jī)挑選了一個(gè)行業(yè)進(jìn)入多頭組合,看錯(cuò)則表示從輸家組合中隨機(jī)挑選了一個(gè)行業(yè)進(jìn)入多頭組合;對(duì)于做空觀點(diǎn),看對(duì)就表示從輸家組合中隨機(jī)挑選了一個(gè)行業(yè)進(jìn)入空頭組合,看錯(cuò)則表示從贏家組合中隨機(jī)挑選了一個(gè)行業(yè)進(jìn)入空頭組合。舉個(gè)例子,假設(shè)當(dāng)前

14、截面上,看多觀點(diǎn)對(duì)應(yīng)的隨機(jī)數(shù)集合為1,0,0,1,1,長(zhǎng)度為 5 代表有 5個(gè)看多行業(yè),其中,第 1、4、5 個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是看對(duì)的,表示要從下一期的贏家組合中隨機(jī)挑選三個(gè)行業(yè)進(jìn)行填充;第 2、3 個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的,表示要從下一期的輸家組合中隨機(jī)挑選兩個(gè)行業(yè)進(jìn)行填充。當(dāng)隨機(jī)模擬多次時(shí),在大數(shù)定律下,觀點(diǎn)的精度就能逼近我們的預(yù)設(shè)值??梢钥吹?,本文所定義的勝率,本質(zhì)上是看多/看空的行業(yè)中,看對(duì)的個(gè)數(shù)占比,與我們?cè)诨販y(cè)中定義的勝率(也即策略跑贏基準(zhǔn)的概率)不完全一致,該定義更容易定量模擬。圖表2: 不同勝率的行業(yè)輪動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)生成方法資料來(lái)源:結(jié)合多因子選股模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試行業(yè)中性狀態(tài)下的組合優(yōu)化模型在行業(yè)中性狀

15、態(tài)下(也即不引入行業(yè)輪動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)),組合優(yōu)化模型如下: ( + ) . .( + ) = 1 = 0| = 0其中,是個(gè)股相比于基準(zhǔn)權(quán)重的偏離值,是優(yōu)化問(wèn)題的決策對(duì)象;是收益模型給出的個(gè) 股未來(lái)收益預(yù)測(cè)(參考華泰人工智能系列報(bào)告人工智能選股之?dāng)?shù)據(jù)標(biāo)注方法實(shí)證(2019-3-13),該報(bào)告使用 82 個(gè)常規(guī)風(fēng)格因子,構(gòu)建了以收益率為回歸目標(biāo)的 Boosting模型),、分別代表因子協(xié)方差矩陣和殘差協(xié)方差矩陣估計(jì)值(參考華泰多因子系列報(bào)告桑土之防:結(jié)構(gòu)化多因子風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模型(2019-6-12),該報(bào)告參考 Barra 多因子風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模型,對(duì)因子收益協(xié)方差矩陣和特異性收益方差矩陣分別進(jìn)行多步修正,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)準(zhǔn)確、

16、可靠的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)和投資組合優(yōu)化);為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)厭惡系數(shù),取值為 0 時(shí)僅考慮收益端,采用線性優(yōu)化求解,效率較高,取值為正數(shù)時(shí)兼顧收益和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的二次規(guī)劃問(wèn)題,求解效率較低。該優(yōu)化模型約束條件包含:個(gè)股持倉(cāng)權(quán)重大于零(表示個(gè)股權(quán)重偏離, 表示個(gè)股基準(zhǔn)權(quán)重,兩者相加為個(gè) 股最終持倉(cāng)權(quán)重),也即限制做空,而且最多超配不超過(guò) ,本文統(tǒng)一設(shè)置為1%。組合持倉(cāng)權(quán)重之和為 1,也即時(shí)刻保持滿倉(cāng)運(yùn)作。行業(yè)中性約束,表示行業(yè)暴露矩陣,表示組合相比于基準(zhǔn)在各個(gè)行業(yè)上的權(quán)重 偏離,在不引入行業(yè)觀點(diǎn)時(shí)保持嚴(yán)格中性處理。風(fēng)格中性約束,本文主要針對(duì)市值因子進(jìn)行中性化處理,其中,代表市值因子暴 露,組合相比于基準(zhǔn)的市值因子暴露

17、偏離同樣嚴(yán)格約束為 0。此外,本文同時(shí)測(cè)試了指數(shù)成分股內(nèi)選股(直接在成分股內(nèi)訓(xùn)練收益預(yù)測(cè)模型)和全市場(chǎng)選股(基于所有股票訓(xùn)練收益模型,但是保證成分股權(quán)重之和大于 80%)兩類場(chǎng)景。圖表3: 結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試框架資料來(lái)源:引入行業(yè)觀點(diǎn)后的組合優(yōu)化模型引入行業(yè)觀點(diǎn)后,組合優(yōu)化模型如下: ( + ) ( + ) 0 ( + ) ( + ) = 1. ., , = 0, , , ,| | 0.5相比于行業(yè)中性場(chǎng)景,改動(dòng)主要有兩點(diǎn):將行業(yè)多空觀點(diǎn)引入個(gè)股收益預(yù)測(cè)部分,其中, 是原始收益預(yù)測(cè)模型中個(gè)股的收益標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差;代表行業(yè)觀點(diǎn)向量,當(dāng)個(gè)股屬于看多行業(yè)集群時(shí),元素取值為 1,當(dāng)個(gè)股屬于看空行業(yè)集

18、群時(shí),元素取值為-1,當(dāng)個(gè)股屬于無(wú)觀點(diǎn)行業(yè)集群時(shí),元素取值為 0;表示收益調(diào)整系數(shù),在近似服從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正態(tài)分布的前提下,取值越大,表示行業(yè)觀 點(diǎn)帶來(lái)的個(gè)股收益調(diào)整越顯著。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是,如果保持行業(yè)中性處理,則引入個(gè)股收益調(diào)整并不會(huì)對(duì)測(cè)試結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響,因?yàn)樾袠I(yè)內(nèi)的個(gè)股相對(duì)排序并未改變;但是引入行業(yè)權(quán)重偏離后,僅對(duì)看多、看空的行業(yè)成分股進(jìn)行收益調(diào)整,會(huì)改變所有個(gè)股的相對(duì)排序,從而對(duì)優(yōu)化結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響(詳見(jiàn)下文示例圖)。將行業(yè)多空觀點(diǎn)引入行業(yè)偏離約束部分,對(duì)于看多的行業(yè)集群,行業(yè)偏離約束下限為 1%,上限為 4%;對(duì)于無(wú)觀點(diǎn)行業(yè)集群,行業(yè)保持嚴(yán)格中性處理;對(duì)于看空行業(yè)集群,行業(yè)偏離約束下限為-4%,上限為

19、-1%。為了直觀展示收益調(diào)整系數(shù)的影響,我們模擬一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)化場(chǎng)景,假設(shè)有 6 支股票,分別屬于三個(gè)行業(yè),這 6 支股票有原始的收益預(yù)測(cè),也會(huì)受到行業(yè)多空觀點(diǎn)帶來(lái)的收益調(diào)整,分別考察行業(yè)中性和行業(yè)偏離場(chǎng)景下的優(yōu)化結(jié)果,可以看到:行業(yè)中性場(chǎng)景下,由于行業(yè)內(nèi)個(gè)股的相對(duì)排名并未改變,所以引入收益調(diào)整不會(huì)對(duì)優(yōu)化結(jié)果造成影響;行業(yè)偏離場(chǎng)景下,由于收益調(diào)整會(huì)導(dǎo)致看多/看空行業(yè)的成分股排名集中提升/下降,從而影響優(yōu)化結(jié)果。圖表4: 優(yōu)化示例(行業(yè)中性場(chǎng)景)資料來(lái)源:圖表5: 優(yōu)化示例(行業(yè)偏離場(chǎng)景)資料來(lái)源:結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)實(shí)證分析考察不同勝率的模擬策略在結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試場(chǎng)景下的表現(xiàn),回測(cè)設(shè)置

20、如下:1.回測(cè)時(shí)間:2011 年 1 月 31 日至 2020 年 12 月 31 日。調(diào)倉(cāng)手續(xù)費(fèi):?jiǎn)芜吳?2。模擬策略生成:遍歷 50%至 100%,以 5%為步進(jìn)的 11 個(gè)勝率水平。組合構(gòu)建:剔除上市不滿一年、調(diào)倉(cāng)日換手率為零等無(wú)法交易的股票,應(yīng)用組合優(yōu)化模型求解個(gè)股權(quán)重(優(yōu)化參數(shù)設(shè)置如下表)。比較基準(zhǔn):行業(yè)中性選股策略,以及指數(shù)基準(zhǔn)。業(yè)績(jī)計(jì)算:對(duì)每種勝率水平,蒙特卡洛模擬 100 次,每次模擬中單獨(dú)生成行業(yè)輪動(dòng)觀點(diǎn),計(jì)算策略凈值和業(yè)績(jī)指標(biāo),將 100 次模擬的策略凈值和業(yè)績(jī)指標(biāo)取平均得到最終的業(yè)績(jī)表現(xiàn)。圖表6: 組合優(yōu)化參數(shù)設(shè)置可變參數(shù)取值滬深 300、中證 500收益調(diào)整系數(shù)個(gè)股權(quán)重

21、偏離上限行業(yè)權(quán)重偏離約束發(fā)表多空觀點(diǎn)的行業(yè)個(gè)數(shù)選股范圍模擬觀點(diǎn)生成方法目標(biāo)增強(qiáng)指數(shù)1、 指數(shù)成分股內(nèi)選股2、 全市場(chǎng)選股,但保持指數(shù)成分股權(quán)重大于 80%注意,針對(duì)不同選股場(chǎng)景,分別訓(xùn)練指數(shù)內(nèi)和全市場(chǎng)的因子選股模型基于指數(shù)內(nèi)成分股合成下一期加權(quán)行業(yè)收益進(jìn)而生成指定勝率的行業(yè)輪動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)看多行業(yè),偏離上限為 4%,偏離下限為 1%中性行業(yè),偏離上限為 0%,偏離下限為 0%看空行業(yè),偏離上限為-1%,偏離下限為-4%看多行業(yè):5 個(gè)看空行業(yè):5 個(gè)中性行業(yè):20 個(gè) = 0、0.25、0.5、11%風(fēng)險(xiǎn)厭惡系數(shù)由于蒙特模擬次數(shù)較多,而二次規(guī)劃耗時(shí)較長(zhǎng)所以模擬測(cè)試部分只考慮 = 0的線性優(yōu)化場(chǎng)景資料來(lái)

22、源:下文四張表格給出了滬深 300/中證 500 場(chǎng)景下,指數(shù)內(nèi)選股/全市場(chǎng)選股的增強(qiáng)效果,全面展示了不同勝率行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略帶來(lái)的增強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)。此外,根據(jù)以往的實(shí)證經(jīng)驗(yàn),大多數(shù)相對(duì)有效的月頻行業(yè)輪動(dòng)策略的勝率均落在 65%至 70%的區(qū)間內(nèi),表格中也已高亮標(biāo)注。圖表7: 結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試結(jié)果(滬深 300,成分股內(nèi)選股)精度年化收益率策略絕對(duì)收益表現(xiàn)年化夏普波動(dòng)率比率最大回撤策略相比于中性基準(zhǔn)超額收益表現(xiàn)年化超額 超額年化信息 超額收益收益率波動(dòng)率比率 最大回撤策略相比于指數(shù)基準(zhǔn)超額表現(xiàn)年化超額 超額年化信息 超額收益收益率波動(dòng)率比率 最大回撤beta=050%11.27%23.76%0

23、.47-45.27%-0.16%1.33%-0.12-5.29%5.56%3.59%1.55-4.74%55%11.84%23.75%0.50-45.21%0.35%1.35%0.26-3.57%6.09%3.58%1.70-4.47%60%12.46%23.73%0.52-44.98%0.90%1.36%0.67-2.65%6.68%3.57%1.87-4.22%65%13.01%23.73%0.55-44.87%1.39%1.36%1.03-2.34%7.20%3.58%2.01-4.10%70%13.58%23.73%0.57-44.56%1.91%1.34%1.43-2.14%7.74

24、%3.58%2.17-3.86%75%14.18%23.73%0.60-44.57%2.44%1.37%1.81-2.03%8.31%3.57%2.33-3.77%80%14.69%23.75%0.62-44.32%2.90%1.34%2.19-1.91%8.79%3.59%2.45-3.74%85%15.31%23.73%0.65-44.06%3.46%1.38%2.54-1.93%9.39%3.58%2.62-3.60%90%15.81%23.71%0.67-44.04%3.90%1.41%2.79-1.93%9.85%3.58%2.75-3.45%95%16.39%23.71%0.69-

25、43.76%4.42%1.41%3.17-2.10%10.40%3.58%2.91-3.38%100%17.02%23.71%0.72-43.62%4.99%1.42%3.55-2.05%11.00%3.59%3.06-3.34%beta=0.2550%11.22%23.76%0.47-45.31%-0.21%1.57%-0.13-6.35%5.51%3.66%1.51-4.88%55%11.94%23.76%0.50-45.22%0.44%1.59%0.28-4.03%6.19%3.65%1.70-4.45%60%12.75%23.74%0.54-44.95%1.16%1.60%0.72-3

26、.01%6.95%3.64%1.91-4.25%65%13.44%23.74%0.57-44.78%1.78%1.60%1.12-2.57%7.61%3.65%2.09-4.04%70%14.14%23.73%0.60-44.34%2.41%1.59%1.53-2.35%8.27%3.64%2.27-3.81%75%14.92%23.73%0.63-44.36%3.11%1.60%1.95-2.12%9.02%3.64%2.48-3.72%80%15.62%23.75%0.66-44.05%3.74%1.59%2.37-2.03%9.68%3.66%2.65-3.68%85%16.39%23.

27、73%0.69-43.73%4.42%1.62%2.74-2.02%10.40%3.65%2.85-3.52%90%17.06%23.71%0.72-43.70%5.02%1.66%3.05-2.00%11.03%3.65%3.02-3.39%95%17.85%23.71%0.75-43.26%5.73%1.66%3.47-2.12%11.79%3.65%3.23-3.27%100%18.61%23.71%0.78-43.13%6.41%1.67%3.86-2.06%12.50%3.67%3.41-3.26%beta=0.550%10.92%23.76%0.46-45.38%-0.48%1.8

28、1%-0.27-8.23%5.22%3.69%1.42-5.20%55%11.93%23.77%0.50-45.12%0.43%1.78%0.24-4.88%6.19%3.70%1.67-4.66%60%12.80%23.76%0.54-44.83%1.21%1.81%0.67-3.54%7.01%3.70%1.89-4.34%65%13.66%23.76%0.58-44.58%1.98%1.82%1.09-3.01%7.82%3.70%2.12-4.22%70%14.53%23.73%0.61-44.35%2.76%1.83%1.52-2.59%8.64%3.68%2.35-3.79%75%

29、15.65%23.76%0.66-43.73%3.77%1.81%2.08-2.25%9.71%3.72%2.61-3.74%80%16.46%23.76%0.69-43.69%4.49%1.82%2.48-2.15%10.48%3.72%2.82-3.68%85%17.38%23.73%0.73-43.29%5.31%1.85%2.88-2.14%11.34%3.71%3.06-3.49%90%18.32%23.73%0.77-42.98%6.15%1.87%3.30-2.19%12.23%3.72%3.29-3.42%95%19.29%23.73%0.81-42.75%7.02%1.89%

30、3.74-2.11%13.15%3.74%3.52-3.37%100%20.14%23.73%0.85-42.43%7.79%1.89%4.12-2.00%13.96%3.74%3.73-3.29%beta=150%10.94%23.77%0.46-45.30%-0.46%1.98%-0.23-8.88%5.24%3.74%1.40-5.21%55%11.92%23.76%0.50-45.15%0.42%2.00%0.21-5.37%6.17%3.73%1.65-4.60%60%12.99%23.75%0.55-44.81%1.37%2.01%0.68-4.17%7.18%3.73%1.93-

31、4.38%65%14.14%23.75%0.60-44.41%2.40%2.01%1.20-3.07%8.27%3.74%2.21-4.12%70%15.09%23.74%0.64-43.83%3.26%2.00%1.63-2.83%9.17%3.74%2.46-3.95%75%16.27%23.74%0.69-43.68%4.32%2.02%2.14-2.47%10.29%3.74%2.75-3.82%80%17.25%23.75%0.73-43.36%5.19%2.03%2.57-2.32%11.22%3.77%2.98-3.80%85%18.40%23.73%0.78-42.76%6.2

32、2%2.07%3.02-2.27%12.30%3.76%3.27-3.64%90%19.41%23.71%0.82-42.69%7.12%2.11%3.39-2.25%13.26%3.77%3.51-3.46%95%20.55%23.72%0.87-42.08%8.14%2.12%3.86-2.29%14.34%3.78%3.79-3.37%100%21.71%23.70%0.92-41.79%9.18%2.14%4.29-2.19%15.43%3.80%4.06-3.39%行業(yè)中性11.42%23.82%0.48-45.51%5.72%3.52%1.62-4.13%資料來(lái)源:Wind,圖表8

33、: 結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試結(jié)果(滬深 300,全市場(chǎng)選股)精度年化收益率策略絕對(duì)收益表現(xiàn)年化夏普波動(dòng)率比率最大回撤策略相比于中性基準(zhǔn)超額收益表現(xiàn)年化超額 超額年化信息 超額收益收益率波動(dòng)率比率 最大回撤策略相比于指數(shù)基準(zhǔn)超額表現(xiàn)年化超額 超額年化信息 超額收益收益率波動(dòng)率比率 最大回撤beta=050%11.92%23.51%0.51-43.58%-0.41%1.37%-0.30-7.07%6.09%4.12%1.48-6.99%55%12.53%23.51%0.53-43.45%0.13%1.37%0.10-4.63%6.67%4.10%1.63-6.68%60%13.17%23.52

34、%0.56-43.01%0.71%1.38%0.51-3.43%7.28%4.11%1.77-6.36%65%13.82%23.51%0.59-43.03%1.28%1.38%0.93-2.93%7.89%4.11%1.92-6.14%70%14.46%23.51%0.62-42.69%1.85%1.38%1.34-2.49%8.50%4.11%2.07-5.84%75%15.10%23.50%0.64-42.49%2.42%1.40%1.72-2.27%9.10%4.11%2.21-5.53%80%15.65%23.49%0.67-42.27%2.90%1.41%2.06-2.31%9.62

35、%4.12%2.34-5.43%85%16.34%23.49%0.70-42.07%3.52%1.42%2.48-2.15%10.28%4.11%2.50-5.16%90%16.99%23.49%0.72-41.88%4.10%1.44%2.85-2.20%10.89%4.12%2.64-4.88%95%17.59%23.48%0.75-41.58%4.63%1.45%3.21-2.08%11.45%4.12%2.78-4.63%100%18.23%23.47%0.78-41.28%5.20%1.45%3.58-2.06%12.06%4.12%2.92-4.60%beta=0.2550%11.

36、85%23.53%0.50-43.41%-0.47%1.72%-0.27-8.46%6.02%4.20%1.43-7.14%55%12.65%23.52%0.54-43.18%0.24%1.72%0.14-5.49%6.78%4.20%1.61-6.76%60%13.38%23.53%0.57-42.95%0.89%1.72%0.52-4.27%7.47%4.20%1.78-6.19%65%14.36%23.51%0.61-42.60%1.76%1.74%1.02-3.27%8.40%4.19%2.01-5.83%70%15.24%23.52%0.65-42.19%2.54%1.75%1.45

37、-2.90%9.23%4.21%2.19-5.57%75%15.96%23.51%0.68-41.81%3.18%1.75%1.81-2.58%9.92%4.21%2.36-5.36%80%16.82%23.51%0.72-41.77%3.95%1.76%2.25-2.42%10.73%4.20%2.55-5.01%85%17.74%23.50%0.75-41.34%4.77%1.79%2.67-2.28%11.60%4.22%2.75-4.77%90%18.62%23.50%0.79-41.05%5.55%1.80%3.09-2.24%12.44%4.21%2.95-4.59%95%19.5

38、4%23.49%0.83-40.67%6.36%1.81%3.51-2.11%13.30%4.23%3.15-4.46%100%20.27%23.49%0.86-40.50%7.01%1.84%3.82-2.16%13.99%4.21%3.32-4.39%beta=0.550%11.69%23.53%0.50-43.17%-0.62%1.91%-0.32-9.53%5.87%4.23%1.39-7.27%55%12.53%23.53%0.53-43.09%0.13%1.91%0.07-6.39%6.67%4.22%1.58-6.74%60%13.60%23.53%0.58-42.87%1.08

39、%1.92%0.56-4.52%7.68%4.21%1.82-6.46%65%14.69%23.52%0.62-42.31%2.05%1.92%1.07-3.24%8.71%4.23%2.06-5.83%70%15.48%23.50%0.66-41.92%2.75%1.92%1.43-3.08%9.46%4.20%2.25-5.55%75%16.62%23.51%0.71-41.67%3.76%1.93%1.95-2.83%10.54%4.22%2.50-5.26%80%17.58%23.51%0.75-41.16%4.62%1.95%2.37-2.49%11.45%4.24%2.70-4.9

40、3%85%18.51%23.50%0.79-40.93%5.44%1.97%2.77-2.33%12.33%4.22%2.92-4.82%90%19.50%23.49%0.83-40.54%6.32%1.99%3.18-2.28%13.26%4.25%3.12-4.47%95%20.40%23.49%0.87-40.26%7.12%2.01%3.54-2.40%14.12%4.23%3.34-4.38%100%21.57%23.47%0.92-39.88%8.16%2.03%4.03-2.22%15.22%4.25%3.58-4.20%beta=150%11.60%23.53%0.49-43.

41、21%-0.70%2.01%-0.35-10.30%5.78%4.23%1.37-7.34%55%12.50%23.54%0.53-43.09%0.10%2.02%0.05-6.95%6.64%4.22%1.57-6.73%60%13.66%23.53%0.58-42.80%1.13%2.02%0.56-4.98%7.74%4.21%1.84-6.48%65%14.83%23.52%0.63-42.22%2.18%2.02%1.08-3.46%8.85%4.23%2.09-5.86%70%15.68%23.50%0.67-41.83%2.93%2.03%1.44-3.29%9.65%4.20%

42、2.30-5.58%75%16.86%23.51%0.72-41.57%3.97%2.04%1.95-3.12%10.76%4.22%2.55-5.27%80%17.90%23.51%0.76-41.05%4.90%2.05%2.39-2.68%11.75%4.24%2.77-4.94%85%18.90%23.49%0.80-40.81%5.79%2.07%2.79-2.52%12.70%4.23%3.00-4.83%90%19.95%23.48%0.85-40.42%6.72%2.10%3.21-2.51%13.68%4.25%3.22-4.47%95%20.96%23.48%0.89-40

43、.07%7.62%2.12%3.59-2.51%14.65%4.24%3.46-4.38%100%22.23%23.47%0.95-39.67%8.74%2.14%4.09-2.26%15.84%4.26%3.72-4.18%行業(yè)中性12.37%23.49%0.53-43.85%6.52%3.94%1.65-6.47%資料來(lái)源:Wind,圖表9: 結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試結(jié)果(中證 500,成分股內(nèi)選股)精度年化收益率策略絕對(duì)收益表現(xiàn)年化夏普波動(dòng)率比率最大回撤策略相比于中性基準(zhǔn)超額收益表現(xiàn)年化超額 超額年化信息 超額收益收益率波動(dòng)率比率 最大回撤策略相比于指數(shù)基準(zhǔn)超額表現(xiàn)年化超額 超額年化

44、信息 超額收益收益率波動(dòng)率比率 最大回撤beta=050%12.38%27.72%0.45-47.51%-0.21%1.17%-0.17-5.26%8.99%5.30%1.70-7.42%55%12.77%27.71%0.46-47.40%0.14%1.18%0.12-4.06%9.37%5.30%1.77-7.34%60%13.22%27.72%0.48-47.28%0.54%1.19%0.46-3.16%9.81%5.31%1.85-7.36%65%13.72%27.72%0.50-47.25%0.99%1.19%0.84-2.60%10.30%5.30%1.94-7.30%70%14.1

45、7%27.72%0.51-47.15%1.38%1.18%1.17-2.23%10.73%5.29%2.03-7.32%75%14.63%27.72%0.53-47.16%1.79%1.19%1.51-2.20%11.17%5.30%2.11-7.33%80%15.15%27.71%0.55-46.91%2.26%1.21%1.87-2.04%11.68%5.29%2.21-7.25%85%15.62%27.72%0.56-46.83%2.67%1.21%2.21-1.84%12.14%5.30%2.29-7.21%90%16.07%27.72%0.58-46.79%3.08%1.21%2.5

46、5-1.73%12.58%5.30%2.37-7.21%95%16.52%27.72%0.60-46.71%3.48%1.23%2.83-1.84%13.01%5.30%2.46-7.20%100%16.99%27.72%0.61-46.63%3.89%1.24%3.16-1.88%13.47%5.30%2.54-7.19%beta=0.2550%12.13%27.71%0.44-47.68%-0.43%1.61%-0.27-7.90%8.75%5.35%1.64-7.44%55%12.96%27.70%0.47-47.56%0.30%1.60%0.19-5.11%9.55%5.34%1.79

47、-7.36%60%13.62%27.70%0.49-47.34%0.89%1.61%0.55-4.02%10.19%5.35%1.91-7.27%65%14.30%27.71%0.52-47.21%1.49%1.62%0.92-3.45%10.85%5.35%2.03-7.17%70%14.97%27.69%0.54-47.12%2.08%1.62%1.28-2.80%11.49%5.33%2.16-7.02%75%15.74%27.70%0.57-47.04%2.77%1.63%1.70-2.59%12.25%5.33%2.30-7.04%80%16.36%27.69%0.59-46.83%

48、3.32%1.64%2.02-2.42%12.85%5.34%2.41-6.87%85%17.14%27.70%0.62-46.81%4.02%1.65%2.44-2.35%13.61%5.35%2.55-6.75%90%17.93%27.70%0.65-46.79%4.71%1.68%2.81-2.36%14.36%5.34%2.69-6.78%95%18.62%27.70%0.67-46.64%5.33%1.69%3.16-2.29%15.04%5.35%2.81-6.71%100%19.38%27.69%0.70-46.51%6.00%1.71%3.52-2.20%15.78%5.34%

49、2.95-6.57%beta=0.550%11.89%27.70%0.43-48.05%-0.66%1.89%-0.35-10.27%8.51%5.36%1.59-7.37%55%12.77%27.69%0.46-47.59%0.12%1.90%0.07-6.79%9.36%5.35%1.75-7.20%60%13.79%27.70%0.50-47.35%1.03%1.91%0.54-4.74%10.35%5.38%1.93-7.13%65%14.59%27.71%0.53-47.27%1.74%1.91%0.91-3.82%11.13%5.37%2.07-7.02%70%15.52%27.7

50、0%0.56-47.11%2.57%1.92%1.34-3.22%12.03%5.35%2.25-6.96%75%16.59%27.70%0.60-47.00%3.52%1.93%1.83-2.98%13.07%5.37%2.44-6.89%80%17.51%27.71%0.63-46.68%4.34%1.95%2.22-2.56%13.96%5.36%2.60-6.69%85%18.44%27.70%0.67-46.55%5.16%1.97%2.62-2.41%14.86%5.37%2.77-6.56%90%19.37%27.71%0.70-46.42%5.98%1.97%3.03-2.24

51、%15.76%5.37%2.93-6.59%95%20.37%27.71%0.74-46.33%6.88%2.01%3.42-2.27%16.74%5.37%3.11-6.41%100%21.23%27.71%0.77-46.14%7.64%2.02%3.78-2.26%17.57%5.38%3.27-6.41%beta=150%11.88%27.69%0.43-48.15%-0.67%2.04%-0.33-10.84%8.50%5.36%1.58-7.34%55%12.72%27.70%0.46-47.76%0.08%2.03%0.04-7.79%9.32%5.35%1.74-7.04%60

52、%13.83%27.71%0.50-47.46%1.06%2.06%0.52-5.16%10.39%5.36%1.94-6.93%65%14.83%27.69%0.54-47.23%1.95%2.07%0.94-3.94%11.36%5.36%2.12-6.96%70%15.78%27.70%0.57-47.21%2.80%2.06%1.36-3.54%12.28%5.37%2.29-6.78%75%16.80%27.71%0.61-46.87%3.70%2.08%1.78-3.10%13.27%5.37%2.47-6.70%80%17.83%27.71%0.64-46.81%4.62%2.0

53、9%2.21-2.73%14.28%5.39%2.65-6.65%85%18.87%27.71%0.68-46.63%5.54%2.11%2.62-2.58%15.28%5.38%2.84-6.61%90%19.92%27.70%0.72-46.36%6.47%2.13%3.03-2.68%16.29%5.38%3.03-6.42%95%21.00%27.70%0.76-46.02%7.43%2.15%3.46-2.35%17.34%5.38%3.22-6.34%100%22.12%27.70%0.80-46.00%8.42%2.17%3.88-2.42%18.43%5.39%3.42-6.1

54、8%行業(yè)中性12.59%27.76%0.45-47.45%9.21%5.28%1.74-7.27%資料來(lái)源:Wind,圖表10: 結(jié)合多因子模型的指數(shù)增強(qiáng)測(cè)試結(jié)果(中證 500,全市場(chǎng)選股)精度年化收益率策略絕對(duì)收益表現(xiàn)年化夏普波動(dòng)率比率最大回撤策略相比于中性基準(zhǔn)超額收益表現(xiàn)年化超額 超額年化信息 超額收益收益率波動(dòng)率比率 最大回撤策略相比于指數(shù)基準(zhǔn)超額表現(xiàn)年化超額 超額年化信息 超額收益收益率波動(dòng)率比率 最大回撤beta=050%15.53%27.34%0.57-46.81%0.07%1.36%0.05-4.75%11.91%5.55%2.15-6.82%55%16.04%27.34%0.5

55、9-46.40%0.51%1.35%0.37-3.47%12.41%5.55%2.24-6.79%60%16.50%27.35%0.60-46.14%0.91%1.34%0.68-2.81%12.86%5.55%2.32-6.78%65%17.00%27.36%0.62-45.99%1.35%1.36%0.99-2.45%13.35%5.56%2.40-6.77%70%17.52%27.35%0.64-45.88%1.79%1.34%1.33-2.14%13.85%5.57%2.49-6.77%75%18.11%27.37%0.66-45.68%2.31%1.36%1.70-1.85%14.4

56、2%5.57%2.59-6.78%80%18.56%27.37%0.68-45.76%2.70%1.36%1.98-1.82%14.85%5.57%2.66-6.74%85%19.14%27.37%0.70-45.65%3.20%1.37%2.34-1.70%15.42%5.57%2.77-6.71%90%19.51%27.38%0.71-45.62%3.52%1.37%2.56-1.52%15.78%5.60%2.82-6.76%95%20.08%27.38%0.73-45.49%4.02%1.39%2.90-1.45%16.33%5.60%2.92-6.76%100%20.64%27.38

57、%0.75-45.33%4.50%1.38%3.26-1.27%16.87%5.61%3.01-6.69%beta=0.2550%15.42%27.35%0.56-46.98%-0.03%1.80%-0.02-6.66%11.81%5.58%2.12-7.02%55%16.06%27.35%0.59-46.60%0.52%1.81%0.29-5.12%12.43%5.60%2.22-7.06%60%16.81%27.36%0.61-46.31%1.18%1.80%0.65-3.94%13.16%5.61%2.35-6.96%65%17.67%27.35%0.65-45.72%1.92%1.80

58、%1.07-3.02%13.99%5.61%2.49-7.01%70%18.54%27.38%0.68-45.77%2.67%1.81%1.48-2.77%14.83%5.64%2.63-6.88%75%19.44%27.38%0.71-45.52%3.45%1.82%1.90-2.35%15.70%5.63%2.79-6.85%80%20.16%27.37%0.74-45.44%4.08%1.83%2.23-2.10%16.41%5.65%2.91-6.81%85%20.87%27.38%0.76-45.19%4.69%1.83%2.57-2.02%17.09%5.64%3.03-6.68%

59、90%21.80%27.39%0.80-45.21%5.50%1.84%2.98-1.87%17.99%5.65%3.18-6.79%95%22.57%27.38%0.82-45.04%6.17%1.85%3.34-1.71%18.74%5.66%3.31-6.75%100%23.31%27.39%0.85-44.99%6.81%1.86%3.66-1.58%19.46%5.67%3.43-6.59%beta=0.550%15.08%27.33%0.55-47.20%-0.34%2.01%-0.17-8.25%11.47%5.60%2.05-7.13%55%15.87%27.33%0.58-4

60、6.61%0.35%2.01%0.17-6.39%12.24%5.60%2.18-6.93%60%16.85%27.35%0.62-46.15%1.20%2.03%0.59-4.66%13.19%5.62%2.35-7.07%65%17.75%27.36%0.65-45.90%1.98%2.02%0.98-4.00%14.07%5.61%2.51-6.84%70%18.75%27.35%0.69-45.54%2.84%2.02%1.41-3.12%15.03%5.63%2.67-6.81%75%19.63%27.36%0.72-45.31%3.61%2.03%1.78-2.81%15.88%5

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