2018年考研（一月聯(lián)考）英語二真題及參考答案(完整版)

1、2018年考研（一月聯(lián)考）英語二真題及參考答案(完整版)來源：中國在職研究生招生信息網(wǎng)/ 發(fā)布日期：2017/12/262018年考研(一月聯(lián)考)英語考試已經(jīng)結(jié)束了，為了讓大家及時了解考試情況，為幫助廣大考生能夠順利考上在職研究生， HYPERLINK / o 在職研究生 t /shiti/_blank 在職研究生網(wǎng)老師特為大家整理了2018年考研(一月聯(lián)考)英語二真題及參考答案，大家可以作為參考。下面就介紹一下2018年英語二真題及參考答案(完整版)，具體內(nèi)如如下：完形填空Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other t

2、hings that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to _ (1) uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will _ (2) to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will_

3、(3).In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students willingness to _ (4) themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one _ (5), each participant was shown a p

4、ile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would _ (6) an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. _ (7) left alone in the room, the st

5、udents who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would _ (8). Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, _ (9) the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive

6、to _ (10) is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives for _ (11) or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can _ (12) new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such _ (13)

7、can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do _ (14) things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to _ (15), however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to _ (16) how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to _ (17) to see

8、 such an image. These results suggest that imagining the _ (18) of following through on ones curiosity ahead of time can help determine _ (19) it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term _ (20) is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity, Hsee says. In other words, dont re

9、ad online comments.1【題干】_.【選項】A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore【答案】A【解析】句首作者提出疑問，“為什么人們會讀互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的負面評論和明顯很讓人傷心的其它事情呢?”隨后作者給出答案，“因為人們都有_不確定性的內(nèi)在需求”。A解決B保護C討論D忽視，根據(jù)動賓搭配關(guān)系，解決不確定性搭配合理。2【題干】_.【選項】A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret【答案】C【解析】本題考查動介詞搭配。根據(jù)原文語境，需要選擇一個動詞和后面的“to”連用。A拒絕做.B等待做.C尋求，力求做.D后悔做.結(jié)合文意“人們要_ 滿足他們的好奇

10、心”來判斷，正選為C尋求，力求做。3【題干】_.【選項】A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)原文語境，“painful, uncertainty”均為消極詞匯。4【題干】_.【選項】A.alterB.tieC.exposeD.treat【答案】C【解析】固定搭配考查。根據(jù)原文語境，考查短語_ sb to sth 意為“讓某人承受某事”。因此，C選項為正選。5【題干】_.【選項】A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)上文，第二段句首提到in a series of four experiments,說明是在

11、“實驗”的語境。結(jié)合四個選項，A信息B實驗C復習D觀念，只有B選項和段落語境相符合。因此為正選。6【題干】_.【選項】A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt【答案】C【解析】動賓搭配。結(jié)合語境，“當點擊的時候，一半的鋼筆會_電流?！备鶕?jù)動賓搭配，本題需要一個動詞來搭配電流，考查四個選項，A移除B削弱C傳遞D打擾 A選項更符合語境。7【題干】_.【選項】A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When【答案】D【解析】時間狀語的考查。結(jié)合語境，“_被獨自留在房間，學生會”，因此，這是一個非常明顯的時間狀語從句。正選為D.8【題干】_.【選項】A.happen

12、B.continueC.disappearD.change【答案】A【解析】動詞辨析。結(jié)合原文語境，由who 引導的定語從句修飾前面的學生，而在定語從句中，又出現(xiàn)由what引導的賓語從句。結(jié)合賓語從句的含義，“知道接下來會發(fā)生什么”更符合語境。9【題干】_.【選項】A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to【答案】B【解析】結(jié)合語境，后面語境為并列關(guān)系，因此此題應(yīng)填舉例子。B為正選。10【題干】_.【選項】A.disagreeB.forgiveC.forgetD.discover【答案】D【解析】Discover 與上文中的Curiosity

13、 相對應(yīng)。11【題干】_.【選項】A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling【答案】C【解析】本詞與后文的Basic drives 的詳細說明。與shelter一樣都屬于人類的基本需求。12【題干】_.【選項】A.begin withB.rest onC.learn fromD.lead to【答案】D【解析】破折號的內(nèi)容是對前文instinct 的解釋。說明這種本能能夠促進新的科學發(fā)展，屬于因果關(guān)系。13【題干】_.【選項】A.withdrawalB.inquiryC.persistenceD.diligence【答案】B【解析】跟前文的drives 相對應(yīng)。14【題干

14、】_.【選項】A.self-destructiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive【答案】A【解析】本題與前文的backfire相對應(yīng)，都屬于貶義詞。15【題干】_.【選項】A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace【答案】A【解析】從后文的試驗中，參與者應(yīng)該被鼓勵參與，因此跟前文的堅持相對應(yīng)。16【題干】_.【選項】A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal【答案】A【解析】通過后文的after能看出這個事情并沒有發(fā)生，因此填預(yù)測。17【題干】_.【選項】A.rememberB.cho

15、oseC.promiseD.pretend【答案】B【解析】動賓搭配。18【題干】_.【選項】A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty【答案】C【解析】of 引導的后置定語。由一個人的好奇心所帶來的結(jié)果。19【題干】_.【選項】A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.how【答案】A【解析】whether 引導賓語從句。20【題干】_.【選項】A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequences【答案】D【解析】關(guān)聯(lián)對應(yīng)，對應(yīng)18題的outcome.閱讀理解Text 1It is curious that Stephe

16、n Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it

17、 become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied des

18、k stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But hes also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education have that stereotype.that its for ki

19、ds who cant make it academically, he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of Americas evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new pr

20、inciple. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelors degrees for alland the subtle devaluing of anything lessmisses an important point: Thats not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelors degree opens moredoors. Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs

21、 in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained. In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is

22、 vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most arent equipped to do them. Koziateks Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziateks school is a wake-up call. When education bec

23、omes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nations diversity of gifts.21.【題干】A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students lack of_.【選項】A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit【答案】C【解析】這是一道細節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位至第二段最后一句話,意思是”什么時候這種觀點變得可接受了呢?學生應(yīng)該能夠說出美國第十三任總統(tǒng)的

24、名字，但是卻完全對壞了的自行車鏈束手無策”。從作者使用問句的形式就可判斷出作者并不接受這種觀點，即學生只學會書本上的知識而不具備實際能力。再結(jié)合上一句話即本段第二句話，Mr Koziatek是New Hampshire高中的一名老師，在這所學校，學習不只是書本上的知識，或者是為了考試，也不是為了機械化的記憶，而是為了實際的技能。能看出，作者認為學生們?nèi)鄙俚氖菍嶋H技能，所以答案是C practical ability.22.【題干】There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who_.【選項】A.are fin

25、ancially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation【答案】B【解析】這是一道具體細節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞職業(yè)教育對孩子存在的偏見可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多職業(yè)化教育的學校中，有這樣一種老套的思想，那就是，職業(yè)教育是針對那些在學術(shù)上不能成功的那些孩子的?！备鶕?jù)這句話可確定答案就是B are not academically successful. 其他選項均不符合文意。23.【題干】we can infer from Par

26、agraph 5 that high school graduates_.【選項】A.are entitled to more “ducational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturingC.used to have more job opportunitiesD.used to have big financial concerns【答案】C【解析】這是一道細節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干第五段和high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，說到美國經(jīng)濟曾經(jīng)提供給高中畢業(yè)生的那種the job security已經(jīng)

27、在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那說明過去的時候高中畢業(yè)生是有職業(yè)安全感的，故選C，其他選項都不在定位處，可以排除。24.【題干】The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all_.【選項】A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher educ

28、ation【答案】D【解析】這是一道事實細節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容“the headlong push”找到出處是第六段開頭But后，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面還有一個and.和其并列，所以主要關(guān)注對這兩部分的評價，后面有明顯的標點：冒號出現(xiàn)，冒號后說that is not the only thing the American economy needs. 可以看出這句話對前面的否定，選項中只有D選項動詞overvalue是負面詞，而且提到主題詞education。故選D。這道題最適合用感情色彩來排除與D相反的其他三個選項。25.【題干】The authors attitude toward Koziateks s

29、chool can be described as_.【選項】A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautious【答案】A【解析】這是一道態(tài)度題，放在最末的態(tài)度題更傾向于到最后一段找答案。通過定位詞Koziateks school 看到最后一段也確實提到了，說它是一個wake-up call。也就是在喚醒人們教育不應(yīng)該是統(tǒng)一的形式，這樣會overlooking a nations diversity of gifts，也就是忽視人才的差異性。所以可以看出作者是支持的態(tài)度。Text 2While fossil fuels coal, oil, gas s

30、till generate roughly 85 percent of the worlds energy supply, its clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world. They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth

31、stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third

32、in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also s

33、eeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration. President Trump has underlined fossil fuels especially coal as the path to economic growth. In a recent

34、 speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the states electricity generation and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability o

35、f clean energy to power their data centers.The question what happens when the wind doesnt blow or the sun doesnt shine? has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance

36、is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years. While theres a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables a

37、re spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does or doesnt do to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.【題干】The word plummet

38、ing (Line 3, Para 2) is closest in meaning to_.【選項】A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising【答案】C【解析】這是一道詞義句意題，要想知道plummeting 的意思，首先要回到原文找線索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在說現(xiàn)在例如風能和太陽能這樣的可再生資源的價格的問題，plummeting是修飾可再生資源的價格的，接著二段最后一句就在用具體數(shù)字來證明可再生資源的成本在下降，如太陽能成本下降了百分之八十，風能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生資源的成

39、本在下降，plummeting的含義是下降的意思。所以選擇C falling.27.【題干】According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America_.【選項】A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical【答案】A【解析】這是一道具體細節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中國和歐洲等國家已經(jīng)領(lǐng)先時，美國也在見證著巨大的改變。根據(jù)美國能源

40、信息局報道，三月份，美國首次使用風能和太陽能產(chǎn)生了超過百分之十以上的能源?！边@足以說明在美國，可再生能源的使用正在取得顯著地進步。所以答案是A.28.【題干】It can be learned that in Iowa,_.【選項】A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply【答案】A【解析】這是一道細節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)

41、題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段第三句，在愛荷華州，風力渦輪機點綴著這個州并提供了此州百分之三十六的電能，并且還吸引了像微軟這樣的科技巨頭公司。因此可判斷，在愛荷華州，風能是一種廣泛使用的能源。所以答案是A.29.【題干】Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?【選項】A.Its application has boosted battery storageB.It is commonly used in car manufacturingC.Its continuous supply i

42、s becoming a realityD.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult【答案】C【解析】這是一道是非細節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干給出的段落位置，5-6兩段和主題詞clean energy，回到原文的第5-6段，這兩段都不長，第五段出現(xiàn)了But后講到電池容量的提升a boost in the storage，與A選項不符，并不是因果關(guān)系，故排除;B選項說道廣泛用在制造業(yè)也不符合原文第六段第一句;而D選項和原文第六段最后一句是語義相反的，故也排除;正確選項C是和這句話語義一致的，也是和全文主題一致的，故為正確答案。30.【題干】It c

43、an be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy_.【選項】A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive with regard to its cost【答案】C【解析】這是一道細節(jié)推斷題，題干問“根據(jù)最后一段可以推斷出來可再生能源怎么了”，回到原文最后一段

44、第一句就表明盡管還有很長一段路要走，可再生能源發(fā)展的趨勢在增強。后面也提到改變的節(jié)奏在加快，對slowing氣候變化有meaningful effect，所以可以看出B選項accelerate.是不對的，D選項中提到的價格不具有競爭力不在本段當中，也應(yīng)排除。剩下的兩個選項都提到了美國，就應(yīng)該重點看最后一句，最后一句提到華盛頓政府做或不做什么都may mean less and less.所以可以看出美國不應(yīng)該是和其他國家更近，排除A，所以選C，美國不是真正支持可再生能源的。Text 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital eco

45、nomy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesnt have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intric

46、ate and finely detailed web of its users friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not linkphone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowle

47、dge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa Mays enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much th

48、e 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addr

49、essed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services dont pay

50、for them. The users of their services are no their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product theyre selling is data, an

51、d we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where theiraphids feed; Gm

52、ail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesnt feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31.【題干】According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_.【選項】A.digital productsB.user informationC.physical assetsD.quality service【答案】B【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段第二句。該句

53、提到兩年前Facebook花了更多的錢獲得了WhatsApp的信息服務(wù)。接著提到WhatsApp提供給Facebook的是關(guān)于其用戶的朋友圈以及社會生活等具體精煉的信息。由此可知，B項為正確答案。32.【題干】Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may_.【選項】A.worsen political disputersB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission【答案】C【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞lin

54、king the phone number定位第二段第一句。該句提到Facebook向歐洲委員會承諾不會把用戶的電話號與Facebook的身份認證連系到一起，但是協(xié)議通過之后Facebook立馬失信。接下來提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知誰發(fā)的消息，發(fā)送的目的又是什么”。因此，可能會給用戶造成風險。因此C項符合文意。33.【題干】According to the author, competition law_.【選項】A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not

55、 provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing market【答案】D【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞competition law 定位到第三段第一句。該句指出“競爭法似乎成為解決這些不平等權(quán)力的唯一辦法，但是此法案太過笨拙”。下一句提到“一方面，相比于數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟變化的速度，此法案發(fā)展是非常緩慢的”。由此可知，該法案跟不上當前市場變化的步伐。因此D項為正確答案。34.【題干】Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Faceboo

56、k users because_.【選項】A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)題目中的because 可確定為因果細節(jié)題。題干中的信息出現(xiàn)在第三段后半部分，是題目中的原詞 competition law as presently interpreted，而原因在其后面的句子。下文寫到，the users of the

57、ir services are not，讀到這里的not，一定要找而是誰。繼續(xù)讀下一句，That would be the people who buy advertising from them，與選項對應(yīng)，可得出Dthe services are paid for by advertisers。35.【題干】The ants analogy is used to illustrate_.【選項】A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital gian

58、tsC.the benefits provided for digital giants customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their users【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)題目中is used to illustrate可判斷為例證題，要找到the ants analogy論據(jù)所證明的論點;論點在論據(jù)之前，因此先找到論據(jù)the ants analogy，再找到論據(jù)前的論點句。所以本題定位到最后一段的第一句，The product is data，and weconvert our lives to data。此句中，dat

59、a即digital giants，we 即 users。因此答案為Dthe relationship between digital giants and their users.Text 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of deep workthe ability to focus witho

60、ut distraction. There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep workbe it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a journalistic approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to deter