2022年人教新課標(biāo)高中英語必修三Unit4Astronomy全單元詳細(xì)教案

1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Contents 目錄一、單元教學(xué)目標(biāo)和要求Teaching aims and demands 二、教材內(nèi)容分析 Analysis of the teaching materials三、單元預(yù)習(xí)任務(wù) Pre-unit task）四、教學(xué)支配 Teaching arrangements 五、教學(xué)步驟 Teaching procedures 六、背景參考資料 Background knowledge 七、評判與反思 Assessment and reflection 一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)和要求 Teaching aims

2、 and demands 依據(jù)英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（試驗(yàn)稿）關(guān)于總目標(biāo)的詳細(xì)描述,結(jié)合高一同學(xué)實(shí)際和教材內(nèi)容,我們將教學(xué)目標(biāo)分為 語言學(xué)問、語言技能、學(xué)習(xí)策略、情感態(tài)度、文化意識 五個方面；1 語言學(xué)問（ Knowledge）詞匯（ Vocabulary ）：能懂得、內(nèi)化、運(yùn)用以下生詞- atmosphere, violent-violence, solid, explode, oxygen, surface, planet, harmful harm, development develop, spread, method, presence, telescope, disappointed, f

3、orce, gradually, float, mass, 短語 Phrases and expressions：the solar system, in time, carbon dioxide, prevent , from, depend on, cheer up, now that, break out, 功能 Functions：學(xué)習(xí)把握一些用于陳述問題及賜予看法的結(jié)構(gòu),如：My problem/ trouble is , . The difficulty / question is ,My advice/ suggestion is ,What I think about it i

4、s ,Please pay attention to, Make sure you , Watch out for , 語法 Grammar ：把握和運(yùn)用主語從句；如：1. What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation. 2. Why there is gravity is hard to understand. 2語言技能 Skills 聽：能通過聽前猜測,抓關(guān)鍵詞來捕獲特定信息從而聽懂懂得文章；說：能嫻熟把握與話題相關(guān)的常用詞匯與表達(dá),如：如何通過英語來正確客觀地表述 問題及賜予看法,同時使同學(xué)能就話題較好地完成一些開放性

5、話題,以提高在真實(shí)語境中 的英語交際才能；讀：獵取關(guān) 于 astronomy 的 相 關(guān)信息 ,且進(jìn) 行 skimming, scanning, careful reading, generalization; inference 等閱讀微技能訓(xùn)練；寫：能通過輸入對本單元內(nèi)容有一個較好的輸出；3 學(xué)習(xí)策略 Strategy：合作學(xué)習(xí)、自主學(xué)習(xí)、有效交際、信息處理和英語思維的能同學(xué)能在肯定程度上形成力；如：培育同學(xué)使用圖書館、網(wǎng)絡(luò)查閱有關(guān)星球的資料；4情感態(tài)度 Affect：1 讓同學(xué)明白生命的起源,增強(qiáng)其愛護(hù)地球的意識；2 培育同學(xué)正確的閱讀觀,和良好的閱讀習(xí)慣,加強(qiáng)其 3 培育同學(xué)科學(xué)探究的

6、精神；4 培育同學(xué) 合作和共享 的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度；自主閱讀 的才能；5 文化意識 Cultural awareness ：通過同學(xué)自主探究來熟悉各國對太空,對星球的爭論,以及他們對世界航天事業(yè)不同 的影響；二、教材內(nèi)容分析（ Analysis of the teaching materials）“ 熱身”Warming up 部分共有三組問題,第一組問題引導(dǎo)同學(xué)爭論什么是邊緣科學(xué)（frontier science）,即以兩種或多種學(xué)科為基礎(chǔ)而進(jìn)展起來的科學(xué)；如,生物化學(xué)是以生物和化學(xué)進(jìn)展起來的科學(xué)；其次組問題探討科學(xué)爭論的方法；第三組問題引導(dǎo)同學(xué)要成為 真正科學(xué)家所必需把握的技能；“ 讀前” （ P

7、rereading）部分主要是讓同學(xué)弄清晰什么是科學(xué)思想,什么是宗教信仰或文 化傳統(tǒng)；同學(xué)總喜愛聽故事或者講故事,在探討生命起源之前,讓同學(xué)探討一下關(guān)于宇宙 起源的種種傳奇,既好玩味性,又能調(diào)動同學(xué)的相關(guān)學(xué)問,激發(fā)他們的思維；“ 閱讀” （ Reading）部分?jǐn)⑹隽说厍蛏钠鹪?水的形成使得地球有別于其他星球,它 使得地球上生命的產(chǎn)生成為可能；科學(xué)家認(rèn)為,地球上的生命第一產(chǎn)生于水中,然后通過 上百萬年后,陸地上才長出綠色植物,然后顯現(xiàn)陸棲動物和水陸兩棲動物；最初的動物靠 孵化繁殖后代,后來顯現(xiàn)了哺乳動物,人類也隨之產(chǎn)生了；文章最終敘述的現(xiàn)象發(fā)人省 醒： The earth may beco

8、me too hot for the lives on it. 它關(guān)系到地球上生命的將來；“ 懂得” （ Comprehending）部分通過四個挑選體檢測同學(xué)對本文核心問題的懂得：地球上 生命的起源和連續(xù)需要哪些條件？隨后通過排序的方式幫忙同學(xué)懂得本文的行文線索,也 就是地球上生命起源和進(jìn)展歷程；最終提出兩個問題,考察同學(xué)深層懂得和推斷才能；“ 語言學(xué)習(xí)” （Learning about language）部分第一通過英文說明幫忙懂得課文中的生詞,然后通過短文填空,詞語分類的形式將這些詞語運(yùn)用到相關(guān)的語境當(dāng)中；語法部分也是通 過先發(fā)覺后應(yīng)用的學(xué)習(xí)方法；先通過課文中找句子,讓同學(xué)熟悉主語從句,

9、然后設(shè)置一個 用手機(jī)發(fā)短信息的情形,讓同學(xué)進(jìn)行簡潔句與主語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)；最終設(shè)置情形來 復(fù)習(xí)第三單元顯現(xiàn)過的表語從句；“ 語言運(yùn)用” （Using language）部分訓(xùn)練聽說讀寫的才能；聽力部分介紹三位科學(xué)巨匠,不僅通過填表的形式訓(xùn)練同學(xué)捕獲細(xì)節(jié)的才能,仍通過四選一的形式幫忙同學(xué)找主題思 想；在說明對與錯的過程當(dāng)中,老師可以適當(dāng)?shù)亟榻B一下概括主題的方法；閱讀部分是一 個科幻小故事,通過“ 我” 和“ 我的伴侶” 乘坐宇宙飛船登月球的經(jīng)受,介紹了重量,失重和地球引力等科學(xué)道理；說和寫部分以“Visiting the moon” 為話題,要求同學(xué)爭論登月球要攜帶的物品,月球上可能會遇到的

10、困難,以及找出解決這些困難的方法；老師可以根 據(jù)課本上的提示,向同學(xué)介紹“ 先分述后總結(jié)” 的寫作方法；提出問題的解決方案時,要 求同學(xué)使用適當(dāng)?shù)摹?指示” 用語；“ 小結(jié)” （ Summary up）部分要求同學(xué)就內(nèi)容,生詞和習(xí)慣用語以及語法結(jié)構(gòu)方面進(jìn)行總 結(jié)；“ 學(xué)習(xí)建議” （Learning tip）部分要求同學(xué)運(yùn)用諸如百科全書,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等資源,進(jìn)一步 探究宇宙的秘密；并通過記日記,看新聞的方式明白最新爭論與發(fā)覺；晚上,眺望星空感 受一下宇宙的魅力；本單元所涉及的要點(diǎn)有：1明白邊緣科學(xué),地球上生命的起源,明白萬有引力,黑洞和太空旅行等天文學(xué)學(xué)問；培 養(yǎng)同學(xué)對科學(xué)的愛好,激發(fā)同學(xué)探究科學(xué)的

11、熱忱；2明白作者的寫作特點(diǎn),培育同學(xué)的創(chuàng)作性思維,為同學(xué)開拓寬闊的想象空間；3學(xué)會在日常交際中正確地使用指示語；4把握名詞性從句中主語從句的用法；三、單元預(yù)習(xí)任務(wù)（Pre-unit task）1. 依據(jù)本單元教學(xué)目標(biāo)和要求,明白本單元話題和任務(wù),充分做好課前預(yù)習(xí)工作；2. 預(yù)習(xí)語言學(xué)問,包括詞匯表里的詞匯和擴(kuò)展詞匯,把握詞義、發(fā)音、詞性以及其基本用 法；勉勵同學(xué)勤查字典；3. 多渠道（如報刊、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等等）查閱并明白與本單元話題有關(guān)的背景學(xué)問和材料；第一課時前：1、 依據(jù)教學(xué)目標(biāo)和要求,明白本課時的話題和任務(wù),預(yù)習(xí)課文的語言學(xué)問,包 括詞匯表里的詞匯和短語,以及課外供應(yīng)的擴(kuò)展詞匯,把握詞義、

12、發(fā)音、詞性以及基本用法；勉勵同學(xué)勤查字典；2、 預(yù)習(xí)閱讀材料,把握文章的中心思想和基本脈絡(luò)；3、 通過報刊、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等途徑,多渠道查閱并明白與閱讀材料相關(guān)的信息資 料和背景學(xué)問,做好充分的課前預(yù)習(xí)工作；（同學(xué)可以通過以下問題來 自我檢查預(yù)習(xí) 情形）Questionnaire: 1.What does astronomy deal with. 2.What do we call people who study astronomy. 3.How did the universe come into being. 4.Can you name the eight planets. 5.Do yo

13、u know the solar system in the universe. What is it made up of ？6.How did life come into being on the earth. 其次課時前：1、 復(fù)習(xí)閱讀課文,預(yù)習(xí)所給的詞匯、相關(guān)星球?qū)W問等材料；2、 預(yù)習(xí) Using language. 第三課時前：1、 預(yù)習(xí)所給的詞匯,和相關(guān)學(xué)問；2、 查找并閱讀一篇關(guān)于黑洞的文章；第四課時前：1、預(yù)習(xí)語言點(diǎn)和語法點(diǎn)；第五課時前：1、 復(fù)習(xí)上一課時所學(xué)的語言點(diǎn)和語法；2、 通過本單元的輸入,排列寫故事的寫作方法；四、教學(xué)支配 Teaching arrangements

14、 本教學(xué)支配依據(jù)“LARA 教學(xué)原就” ,對教材進(jìn)行大膽的刪除（L leave out）、 修補(bǔ)（ A Amending ）、替換（ R Replace ）、增加（ A Add ）,敏捷的將教材為我所 用；新教材在選材和教學(xué)活動的設(shè)計上充分考慮到同學(xué)年齡特點(diǎn)和他們生理和心理進(jìn)展的 需要；在采納話題、功能、結(jié)構(gòu)相結(jié)合的教學(xué)方法的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計了“ 任務(wù)型” 的活動；對英語語言學(xué)問和技能訓(xùn)練作了系統(tǒng)的支配,循序漸進(jìn),循環(huán)反復(fù),有利于同學(xué)構(gòu)建學(xué)問 系統(tǒng)；留意培育創(chuàng)新精神,提高實(shí)踐才能；但新教材也應(yīng)與同學(xué)的實(shí)際相結(jié)合,我們不能 全盤照搬；同時在教學(xué)過程中,為了對教學(xué)有個即使的反饋和有效的改進(jìn),我們?nèi)赃M(jìn)行

15、了“ 形成性評判” ；本單元的語言技能和語言學(xué)問幾乎都環(huán)繞“The science of the stars” 這一中心話題設(shè)計的；我們依據(jù)本單元實(shí)際情形對教材的課時支配作了一些調(diào)整,特殊是同學(xué)用書 Student s Book 和作業(yè)本 Workbook 有機(jī)結(jié)合；整個單元的備課思路是這樣的：從天文學(xué)談到地球（地球上生命的起源,如何去愛護(hù)地球）-其他星球及太空物質(zhì)（月 球及黑洞） -去太空旅行的目的,可能會遇到哪些困難,需要做哪些預(yù)備- 科學(xué)家進(jìn)行 探究需要預(yù)備什么以及需要怎樣的素養(yǎng)；因此,詳細(xì)支配是這樣的：Period one: Warming up and reading Period

16、two: Using language and readingwb Period three: Listening, talking, listening and writing Period four: Grammar Period five: Language Point 這樣要說明的是我們在其次三課時教學(xué)中,特殊穿插了對寫作的輔導(dǎo),符合了先輸入后輸 出的教學(xué)理念；五、教學(xué)步驟Teaching procedures Period 1 Warming up & Reading Step 1 Warming up & lead in 1. Talk about science subjects

17、 T: Good morning/afternoon, everyone. What class do you have today. S1: Maths, English, Chinese, physics, history, and geology. T: What other subjects do you have in school. S2: Computer, chemistry, biology, music, PE, and politics. T: Which is your favourite. Why. S3: My favourite one is ,because i

18、t s very interesting/exciting/instructive/ ,S4: I like , best because ,T: Which ones are science subjects. S5: Physics, chemistry, biology, geology and mathematics. T: All these subjects play an important role in the study of science. What subjects are used to study medicine. How about biochemistry.

19、 What about geophysics. What subjects are part of astronomy. S6: , S7: , S8: , S9: ,T: What does astronomy deal with. S10: Astronomy is the scientific study of the universe and the heaven bodies such as the sun, moon, and stars, gas, and dust within it. T: What do we call people who study astronomy.

20、 S11: Astronomer.2. Talk about universe and solar system T: Let s follow this astronomer to learn about universe. How did the universe come into being. S12: After the “ Big Bang” , the universe came into being. T: Do you know the solar system in the universe. What is it made up of. S13: The solar sy

21、stem contains eight planets and many comets and other objects. Note：According to the present day scientific study, there are only eight planets, with the Pluto excluded. T: Can you name the eight planets. S14: The Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. T: Which plane

22、t do we live on. Can you describe what it looks like. S15: Earth. It supports a variety of life and 70% of the earth is covered with seas or oceans. T: Is there life on other planets. S16: Not yet. T: Why does life only exist on the earth. S17: Because there is air and water on the earth. T: Right,

23、there is a famous saying “ Water is the headspring of life ” . But how did the water appear on the earth. If you want to get the correct answer, please read the passage on P25. It will tell you. Step 2 Reading 1. Get the Ss to go through Paragraph 1 on P 25 and find the answers to the following ques

24、tions Qs: What did the earth look like after the “ Big Bang ” . a cloud of energetic dust How did the earth change afterwards. , combine into a solid ball What happened to the ball. explode, make the earths atmosphere How did the water begin to appear. （cool down ） Did water stay on the other planet

25、s or satellites. disappear Water was important for the beginning of life. How did water make life develop. dissolve harmful gases into , T: With water, life began and developed on the earth. How did life develop through history. 2. Make the Ss read paragraphs 2-3 and finish the following chart. A cl

26、oud of dust a solid ball presence of water small plants grow on the water shellfish and other fish appear plants begin to grow on dry land insects and amphibians appear retiles appear dinosaurs appear mammals appear Q: Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals. Plants provided oxygen fo

27、r animals to breathe. 3. Retell Suppose you are Dr. , who studies astronomy. You are invited to give a speech to the school students about the development of nd. life on “ Earth Day” April 22Good morning/afternoon. I am Dr ,. I am greatly honored to be here to give you a speech about the development

28、 of life ” . ,4. Let the Ss read paragraph 4 and think over the problems caused by humans to the earth. T: Earth is home to us the living things. We ought to take good care of it. Do we human beings look after the earth well. What problems have been caused by humans to the earth. air/water/earth pol

29、lution, global warming, desertification, endangered wildlife , Step 3 Activities 1. Activity 1 : We make our home earth in danger. If we still keep doing damage to the earth, we will be homeless one day. It is time we took action and protected it. Discuss in groups “ How to protect our earth and mak

30、e it a better place to live on.”2. Activity 2: Suppose you are to design an activity for your school on Earth Day, which is intended to call on teachers and students to protect the earth. Work in groups and choose a reporter of your group to report your work. The following points should be included

31、in the report of your activity. What the activity is about Why the activity is designed When and where to do the activity Who takes part in the activity What to be done in the activity ,Step4 Homework: 1. Search the Internet for the information of the development of life. 2. Read and learn good word

32、s, phrases or structures from Reading. Period 2 Using language $ Reading task Step1. Lead in T: We have learnt a lot about astronomy, have you got interested in it. If you are going to study astronomy, what problem will you face most. S2:Gravity.T: What is gravity. S3: Everything will fall back to t

33、he earth if it is dropped or thrown away. The pull of the earth is called gravity. T: Quite right. Who first got the idea of gravity. S4: Isaac Newton. T: How did he get the idea. S5: One day he was sitting under the tree. He saw an apple fall, which made him get the idea. Besides Newton, are there

34、any other scientists who made a great contribution to the idea of gravity. S6: Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking. T: How did each of them think of gravity. Or did they share the same idea of gravity. Come on, the tape will tell you. Step 2 Listening 1. Listen to the tape and choose the best main idea

35、 of the listening passage Ex.2 P30. Main idea: I heard about how three men made mistakes when they tried to describe gravity. I heard about how three men wanted to find out about the beginning of the universe. I heard about how the idea of gravity has developed over a long period of time. I heard ab

36、out three scientists and their work. The best answer : 2. Listen to the tape again and fill in the chart in Ex. 1 on P30. Isaac Newton Albert Stephen Einstein Hawking Dates 1642-1727 1879-1955 1942- Everything is Gravity is “ Black affected by a connected to holes”Idea force gravity called time spac

37、e and “ eat”objects but also “ spit”them out It was only about It was about It was about the earth the universe things found Other in the universe information called “ black holes”Note: Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space not a thing into which matter has fallen a

38、nd from which nothing can escape not even light. So we can t see a black hole. A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and yet it has no matter. It is only space - or so we think. Step3.Reading 1. Fast reading T: All the three great scientists Newton, Einstein and Hawking played an important

39、 role in the development of ideas of gravity. Would you like to know more about gravity. Ss: Yes. T: Is the moons gravity the same as that of the earth. S1: No. T: Read fast to see how many times would the force of gravity change. S2: Three. 2.Careful reading T: What are the three times. How would t

40、he force of gravity change. And how did our weight change. Leave the earth Very strong Very heavy In space Disappeared Floated weightlessly On the moon Very light The mass will be less 3.Summary T: Good. I am sure you must know more about the gravity. Suppose you are asked to make a summary about th

41、e trip, will you try. You only need to fill the blacks and the first word has been given. Last month I visited the moon with my friend. Before we left, I was told the force of gravity_ would change three times on our journey. Then we took off. As we left the earth, I became very heavy_. Gradually th

42、e weight lessened_. When I was in space, it disappeared_. We floated_ weightlessly in the cabin and I cheered up_. When I was on the moon, I was surprised to find out even walking needs lots of practice now that_ gravity changed. The returning of the earth was very frightening_. We were amazed to wa

43、tch fire break out_ on the outside of the ship. Step4. Reading task T：Great. But just imagine that the moon has great gravity, then what will happen. S3: It will pull us. T: Right, maybe when we are approaching it, we will be caught in it. So let s come to the black hole. T: What are in the black ho

44、le. S: A large circle of lights going round an empty space. T: What is the circle of lights. S: Large stars. T: What is the empty space like. S: It looks like a mouth needing to be fed. T: How did they feel. S: They watched in shock and amazement as a large sun suddenly disappeared into the hole. T:

45、 So what did they decide to do. S: They decided to turn the spaceship away from the hole . T: What was happening. S: not move- jump and move around the edge of the outside of the hole- pulling us slowly into its “mouth” - go faster and faster. T: What did the author feel. S: feel sick, the watch mov

46、es slower and slower, my mouth dry, close my eyes. T: It seemed that they would be caught by the gravity of a “ black hole ” . But what happened later. S: jump again- increase its speed- as fast as light- flew like a bird. T: This time, how was the author affected. S: was bumped and banged- able to

47、look around us- the computer started working again. T: What did the author feel. S: Exciting. T: Why. S: They realized that they had discovered something new about “ black hole” - They “ eat some objects but “ spit” other objects out. Step5. Homework 1. Search for more about the black hole. 2. Read

48、these two passages again to find out how to organize a story. Period 3 listening task, talking, listening and writing Step1. Lead in T: We learn so much about Li Yanpings trip, do you know why did he go to space. S1: To do research in astronomy. S2: Just to enjoy himself. S3:,Step2. listening T: So

49、lets listen to Professor Walli s interview with Li Yanping about his space walk. Then try to answer the question. Why did Li Yanping have his first space walk. A. To collect data for his research on gravity. B. To test the function of the new spacesuit. C. To make the Hubble telescope work again. St

50、ep3.Discussion T: Was it easy for him to make the Hubble telescope work again. What difficulty would he meet. Discuss in groups, and try to share your ideas. Ss: The change of gravity, temperature, no food, no water, no oxygen,T: In order to solve these problems, what should an astronomer bring. Ss:

51、 food, oxygen can, water, boots,Step4. Second Listening T： Listen to the tape again. Pick out the information and draw lines from the list to where the things are on the suit of the astronaut. 1. Oxygen can 2. Water system 3 . Gravity boots 4. Left engine 5. Right engine 6. Tool kit Step5. Talking T

52、: So as an astronomer, he should be well prepared before starting, right. Ss: Yes. T: What should he pay attention to when getting ready. What are the dos and donts. Try to use these expressions to make up a set of instructions. Please look at/ listen to, You need,Please check that,YouPlease pay att

53、ention to,Dont forget to,d better,Make sure you, You mustnt,Watch out for ,Step6. Pre-listening T: Actually, an astronaut should be careful in his preparation and remember all these instructions. By the way, Our country has many famous astronomers and China has made great efforts and contribution in

54、 astronomy. Qs: Do you remember the manned spacecrafts Shenzhou 5 and 6 . When were they launched. Who took them. Astronauts/Taikonauts: Yang Liwei Shenzhou 5; Fei Junlong & Nei Haisheng Shenzhou 6 When were they launched. How long was the manned spaceflight mission. Shenzhou 6 Spacecraft Shenzhou 5

55、 When October 15, 2022 October 12, 2022 Who Yang Liwei Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng How long 21 hours and 23 5 days minutes Note: ShenZhou-5 is the first manned spaceflight mission launched by China on 15 October 2022, following four unmanned experimental missions between 1999 and 2022. ShenZhou-5 s

56、paceship carried astronaut YANG Liwei into earth orbit and made China one of only countries after Russia and the U.S. in the world to independently launch a human into space. The spaceships re-entry capsule landed safely 21 hours after the launch at the landing site in Inner Mongolia. T gets the Ss

57、to watch a TV programme about the journey to space. T: It must be an exciting experience for the astronauts Yang Liwei, Fei Junlong and Nei Haisheng to take a trip into space. They are lucky enough to be chosen. Not all the pilots can be chosen to take a space trip. What kind of standards do you thi

58、nk they should reach. S: ,Step7. Listening T: Now lets follow the reporter Mr. Renault to have an interview with Yang Liwei. 1. Listen to the tape and finish Ex. 1 on P62. 1 Yang Liwei became an astronaut by chance. F 2 Nobody over 170cm can be an astronaut. F 3 Yang Liwei trained for 10 years to be

59、come a pilot. T 4 If Yang Liwei had problems in space, there were ways to save him. T 5 China is the third country to send people into space just like Russia and the USA. T 6 Yang Liwei thinks he was lucky to Chinas first man in space. T 2. Listen to the tape again and finish the chart in Ex. 2 on P

60、62 Information on Yang Liwei, the astronaut The exams he Excellent degree and 10 years training passed Experience Pilot for the air force of the PLA Physical Smaller than 170cm; less than 70 kg qualities Personal Calm, mature, hard-working qualities Step8. Discussion 1.Why is it important to be calm