2021年山東省煙臺(tái)市中考物理試卷

1、2021年煙臺(tái)市初中學(xué)業(yè)水平考試物理試題注意事項(xiàng):1.本試卷共8頁(yè)，共100分，考試時(shí)間90分鐘。答題前，務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、座號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡規(guī)定的位置上。2.選擇題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)。3.非選擇題必須用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)；如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、膠帶紙、修正帶。寫(xiě)在試卷上或答題卡指定區(qū)域外的答無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。一、選擇題（本題為單項(xiàng)選擇題每小題2分，共30分）1.人類(lèi)社會(huì)的發(fā)

2、展離不開(kāi)能源的開(kāi)發(fā)和利用，隨著社會(huì)對(duì)能源的需求不斷增加，造成了能源的短缺，而開(kāi)發(fā)和利用可再生能源是解決能源危機(jī)的有效途徑。下列能源屬于可再生能源的是A.風(fēng)能B.天然氣C.核能D.石油2.如圖所示的做法中，符合安全用電要求的是A.電冰箱沒(méi)有接地線B.用試電筆檢測(cè)插座是否有電C.用濕手按開(kāi)關(guān)D.多個(gè)大功率用電器同時(shí)使用一個(gè)插座3.如圖所示，兩列火車(chē)并排停在站臺(tái)上，小紅坐在車(chē)廂向另一列火車(chē)觀望。突然她覺(jué)得自己乘坐的列車(chē)開(kāi)始前進(jìn)了，但是“駛過(guò)”對(duì)面列車(chē)的車(chē)尾時(shí)，小紅發(fā)現(xiàn)她乘坐的列車(chē)還停在站臺(tái)上，原來(lái)是對(duì)面的列車(chē)向反方向開(kāi)去了?！伴_(kāi)始前進(jìn)了”和“停在站臺(tái)上”是因?yàn)樾〖t所選的參照物是A.另一列火車(chē) 自己乘

3、坐的火車(chē)B.自己乘坐的火車(chē) 站臺(tái)C.站臺(tái) 另一列火車(chē)D.另一列火車(chē) 站臺(tái)4.如圖所示的四種情景中，屬于光的直線傳播現(xiàn)象的是A.凸透鏡將光會(huì)聚到一點(diǎn)B.小孔成像C.看見(jiàn)不發(fā)光的物體D.玻璃板成像5.為了測(cè)量牛奶的密度，某同學(xué)利用天平和量筒測(cè)量了下面的物理量，你認(rèn)為其中不需要測(cè)量的是A.用天平測(cè)量空燒杯的質(zhì)量B.將牛奶倒人燒杯中，用天平測(cè)量燒杯和牛奶的總質(zhì)量C.將燒杯中的牛奶倒人量筒中一部分，測(cè)出量筒中牛奶的體積D.用天平測(cè)量燒杯和剩余牛奶的總質(zhì)量6.下列現(xiàn)象中，能利用流體壓強(qiáng)規(guī)律解釋的是A.用活塞式抽水機(jī)抽水B.用塑料吸管吸飲料C.盆景自動(dòng)供水裝置D.傘面被大風(fēng)“吸”起7.下列科學(xué)家與科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)

4、應(yīng)關(guān)系正確的是A.亞里士多德慣性定律B.法拉第電流周?chē)嬖诖艌?chǎng)C.沈括地磁的兩極和地理的兩極不重合D.奧斯特電磁感應(yīng)現(xiàn)象8.用如圖所示的四種方式勻連提升同一物體（不計(jì)機(jī)械自重和摩擦），其中最費(fèi)力的是A.B.C.D.9.某興趣小組設(shè)計(jì)了一種路燈自動(dòng)控制裝置，路燈的通斷由光控開(kāi)關(guān)控制，兩路燈的額定電壓為220V，R為保護(hù)電阻，S為光控開(kāi)關(guān)，白天光控并關(guān)斷開(kāi)兩路燈不發(fā)光，晚上光控開(kāi)關(guān)閉合，兩路燈正常發(fā)光.下列電路設(shè)計(jì)符合要求的是A.B.C.D.10.如圖所示，跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)員在空中勻速直線下降的過(guò)程中，關(guān)于運(yùn)動(dòng)員（不包含降落傘和繩）下列說(shuō)法正確的是A.動(dòng)能不變，重力勢(shì)能不變，機(jī)械能不變B.動(dòng)能變大，重力勢(shì)

5、能變小，機(jī)械能不變C.動(dòng)能不變，重力勢(shì)能交小，機(jī)械能變小D.動(dòng)能變小，重力勢(shì)能變小，機(jī)械能變小11.乙圖所示的裝置中與甲圖工作原理相同的是A.自發(fā)電手電筒B.話筒C.手搖式發(fā)電機(jī)D.揚(yáng)聲器12.如圖所示力某壓力傳感器的原理圖，R1為定值電阻，滑動(dòng)變阻器R2的滑片P通過(guò)AB間可以伸紹約導(dǎo)線與電路相連，導(dǎo)線位于彈簧內(nèi)部，當(dāng)閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S，壓力F增大時(shí)，下列說(shuō)法正確的是A.電壓表V1的示數(shù)變大B.電壓表V2的示數(shù)變小C.電壓表V2的示數(shù)與電流表A的示數(shù)比值變大D.電壓表V1的示數(shù)與電流表A的示數(shù)比值變小13.小明同學(xué)在一根細(xì)木棒的下端纏繞了一些鐵絲然后將它分別置于甲，乙兩杯液體中，靜止時(shí)的狀態(tài)如圖所示，

6、下列說(shuō)法正確的是A.甲杯液體的密度軟大B.乙杯體的密度較大C.木棒在甲杯液體中受到的浮力較大D.木棒在乙杯液體中受到的浮力較大14.如圖所示，電源電壓恒定不變，閉合開(kāi)關(guān)S，燈L1和L2均發(fā)光，一段時(shí)間后，一盞燈突然熄滅，而電流表和電壓表的示數(shù)都不變，出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因可能是A.燈L1斷路B.燈L2斷路C.燈L1短路D.燈L2短路15.如圖所示，電源電壓不變，滑動(dòng)變阻器的最大阻值為R，已知R:R1:R2=1:1:2，則下列說(shuō)法正確的是A.當(dāng)滑片P移動(dòng)到a端時(shí)，閉合S1、S2，通過(guò)R1與R2的電流之比是1:2B.當(dāng)滑片P移動(dòng)到a端時(shí)，閉合S1、S2，通過(guò)R1與R2的電流之比是1:1C.當(dāng)滑片P移動(dòng)

7、到b端時(shí)，只閉合S1，滑動(dòng)變阻器兩端的電壓與R1兩端的電壓之比是1:1D當(dāng)滑片P移動(dòng)到b端時(shí)，只閉合S2，滑動(dòng)變阻器兩端的電壓與R2兩端的電壓之比是2:1二、填空題（每小題3分，共15分）16.如圖所示，小明在筷子的一端捆上棉花蘸水后充當(dāng)活塞，插入兩端開(kāi)口的塑料管中，做成“哨子”。用嘴吹管的上端，可以發(fā)出悅耳的哨聲，這哨聲是由_的振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的，上下推拉活塞，改變了聲音的_，當(dāng)筷子不動(dòng)，用不同的力吹管時(shí)，改變了聲音的_。17.現(xiàn)代生活中人們?cè)絹?lái)越離不開(kāi)手機(jī)，其中手機(jī)強(qiáng)大的拍照功能給人們帶來(lái)很多的便利，景物通過(guò)手機(jī)鏡頭成倒立、縮小的_（選填“實(shí)像”或“虛像”）。如圖所示，小明利用自拍桿進(jìn)行自拍，與手

8、拿手機(jī)自拍相比，利用自拍桿可以_物距，從而_取景范圍，取得需砦的拍攝效果（后兩個(gè)空均選填“增大”或“減小”）。18.勤洗手是降低新冠病毒感染的有效防護(hù)措施。在生活中找們常會(huì)婭到這樣的情況，洗完手以后身邊沒(méi)有紙巾、毛巾或其它可以摞手的東西，此時(shí)為了讓手快點(diǎn)干，你通常會(huì)采用的做法是_，你的做法用到的物理知識(shí)是_。（寫(xiě)出一種做法及對(duì)應(yīng)的物理知識(shí)）19.為了防止電流過(guò)大將用電器核心部件燒毀，很多用電器都裝有保險(xiǎn)管，如圖甲所示，乙、丙兩圖分別是兩個(gè)保險(xiǎn)管的截面圖，若兩管內(nèi)保險(xiǎn)絲的材料相同，長(zhǎng)度相同，粗細(xì)不同，則兩圖中_保險(xiǎn)絲的電阻大，當(dāng)乙、丙兩保險(xiǎn)管通過(guò)相同的電流時(shí)，_保險(xiǎn)絲的熱功率大，_保險(xiǎn)絲更容易熔

9、斷。（均選填“乙圖”或“丙圖”）。20.如圖所示，電源電壓恒為12V滑動(dòng)變阻器的最大阻值為48，電流表量程為00.6A，小燈泡標(biāo)有“6V 3W”字樣，忽略溫度對(duì)燈絲電阻的影響。當(dāng)S、S1和S2都閉合時(shí)，調(diào)節(jié)滑動(dòng)變阻器的滑片，使電路中的總功率最小且為6W，定值電阻R0的阻值為_(kāi)；當(dāng)只閉合S時(shí)，電路中允許通過(guò)的最大電流為_(kāi)A，此時(shí)滑動(dòng)變阻器接人電路的阻值為_(kāi)。三、作圖簡(jiǎn)答題（21題3分，22題6分，共9分）21.如圖所示，某清澈池塘底部有一物體A，站在岸邊的小明（假設(shè)小明的眼睛在C處）看到物體在B處，請(qǐng)畫(huà)出小明看到物體A的光路圖。22.閱讀短文回答問(wèn)題返回艙的回家之旅經(jīng)歷了長(zhǎng)達(dá)23天的飛行，在月球

10、成功取樣后，嫦娀五號(hào)返回艙于2020年12月17日凌晨1點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)地降落在內(nèi)蒙古四王子旗地區(qū)。返回艙在返回過(guò)程中要應(yīng)時(shí)多種挑戰(zhàn)，首酬強(qiáng)影先要應(yīng)對(duì)的是高溫。返回艙在利用半彈道跳躍（打水漂）再次進(jìn)入大氣層時(shí)的遮度約為7.9km/s，它與大氣的劇烈摩擦最高可產(chǎn)生3000左右的高溫，我們知道，在溫度為1600時(shí)，就能熔化鋼鐵，在3000時(shí)，即使是金剛石也會(huì)熔化，為什么嫦娀五號(hào)的返回艙沒(méi)有被燒毀，而僅僅只是被“烤至金黃”?這是因?yàn)槲覈?guó)的神舟系列飛船采用了自主研制開(kāi)發(fā)的燒蝕防熱技術(shù)，就是用先進(jìn)的防熱材料技術(shù)給返回艙穿上一層25mm厚的“防熱衣”，防熱材料在高溫作用下，自身分解、熔化、蒸發(fā)和升華，在消耗表面質(zhì)量

11、的同時(shí)帶走大量的熱，使表面溫度大幅下降；同時(shí)還有一層輻射式防熱和隔熱材料，使熱量不能傳遞到艙內(nèi)，最終可使返回艙內(nèi)部的溫度控制在30左右。除了高溫，返回艙返回過(guò)程中還要經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)距地面35km到80km的黑障區(qū)，返回艙通過(guò)黑障區(qū)時(shí)，外殼溫度為2000左右，高溫使返回艙周?chē)目諝怆婋x形成等離子體，屏蔽了電磁波的通過(guò)，因此會(huì)喪失與外界的無(wú)線電聯(lián)系，這段時(shí)間地面人員無(wú)法得知返回艙的實(shí)時(shí)狀況，也無(wú)法對(duì)返回艙進(jìn)行控制，只能通過(guò)進(jìn)入黑障前進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)的調(diào)控，才能使它順利通過(guò)黑障區(qū)。返回艙在到達(dá)地面前的最后一道難關(guān)是在距地面約10km處要用降落傘減速。嫦城五號(hào)返回艙共有三把傘:引導(dǎo)傘、減速傘和主傘，其中主傘面積可以

12、達(dá)到1200m2左右，只有讓降落傘順利開(kāi)傘才能在巨大阻力作用下，在返回艙到達(dá)地面前減速到6m/s左右，確保返回艙安全著陸。嫦域五號(hào)月球取樣的成功，在世界面前彰顯了我國(guó)航天科技的偉大成就，更讓我們?yōu)樽鎳?guó)的強(qiáng)大而自豪。（1）為什么降落傘上傘的面積要做得盡量大一些？（2）返回艙經(jīng)過(guò)稠密大氣層時(shí)為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)高溫?如何使返回艙內(nèi)部的溫度保持在30左右?（3）返回艙航返回過(guò)程中，地面工作人員與返回艙之間利用什么傳送信號(hào)?當(dāng)返回艙出現(xiàn)黑障時(shí)，為什么無(wú)法傳送信號(hào)?四、實(shí)驗(yàn)探究題（每小題8分，共24分）23.在探究某固體熔化時(shí)溫度的變化規(guī)律的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，小明采用了水浴法加熱。（1）水浴法加熱的好處是_。（2）小明組

13、裝的實(shí)驗(yàn)器材如圖甲所示，圖中有在一處明顯的不足，請(qǐng)你指出不足之處并說(shuō)明理由；（3）小明糾正了不足，重新調(diào)整了器材，根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)得的數(shù)據(jù)作出圖像，如圖乙所示，由圖像可知該物質(zhì)的熔點(diǎn)是_，第10min時(shí)，該物質(zhì)所處的狀態(tài)是_（填“固態(tài)”、“液態(tài)”或“固液共存”）。24.在“探究影響滑動(dòng)摩擦力大小的因素”的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，某小組用同一物塊按照?qǐng)D甲、乙，丙進(jìn)行了三次實(shí)驗(yàn)。（1）實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中，彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)必須沿水平方向拉著物塊做_運(yùn)動(dòng)，此時(shí)滑動(dòng)摩擦力的大小等于彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)的示數(shù)，所依據(jù)的原理是_。（2）進(jìn)行_兩次實(shí)驗(yàn)，是為了探究滑動(dòng)摩擦力大小與壓力大小之間的關(guān)系；（3）實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)丙圖中彈簧測(cè)力計(jì)的示數(shù)比甲圖中的大，由此

14、可以得到的結(jié)論是：_。（4）在交流評(píng)估環(huán)節(jié)中，某同學(xué)總認(rèn)為滑動(dòng)摩擦力的大小還與接觸面積有關(guān)，為了驗(yàn)證他的想法，他進(jìn)行了如下設(shè)計(jì):將甲圖中的物塊豎直切掉一半重新進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，測(cè)得物塊所受摩擦力與甲圖中測(cè)得的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較，從而得出結(jié)論.請(qǐng)對(duì)該同學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)方案進(jìn)行評(píng)估。25.為了測(cè)量小燈泡的電功率及觀察小燈泡的亮度變化情況，某小組選用了一只額定電壓為3.8V的小燈泡，他們準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行三次測(cè)量，加在小燈泡兩端的電壓分別為3.8V、4.5V和3V，連接的實(shí)物電路圖如圖所示。電壓表示數(shù)（V）電流表示數(shù)（A）小燈泡的實(shí)際功率（W）小燈泡的發(fā)光情況3.80.40正常發(fā)光4.50.421.89校亮3.00.381.14較

15、暗（1）開(kāi)始實(shí)驗(yàn)后，閉合開(kāi)關(guān)，向左移動(dòng)滑動(dòng)變阻器的滑片時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)小燈泡的亮度_（選填“變亮”、“變暗”或“不變”），電流表的示數(shù)_，電壓表的示數(shù)_（后兩個(gè)空均選填“變大”、“變小”或“不變”）；（2）小組成員根據(jù)觀察到的現(xiàn)象檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)有一根導(dǎo)線連接錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)?jiān)阱e(cuò)誤的導(dǎo)線上畫(huà)“”，用筆畫(huà)線代替導(dǎo)線畫(huà)出正確的連線；（3）正確連接電路后開(kāi)始實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)所測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)如上表所示，則小燈泡的額定功率為_(kāi)W；（4）根據(jù)上表的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)以及小燈泡的發(fā)光情況，你有什么發(fā)現(xiàn)?五、計(jì)算題（26題10分，27題12分，共22分26.圖甲所示為某電暖器的簡(jiǎn)化原理圖，其中R1、R2是兩個(gè)相同的電熱絲，單個(gè)電熱絲的電流與電壓的關(guān)系圖像如

16、圖乙所示。已知電源電壓為220V，每個(gè)電熱絲的額定電壓均為220V現(xiàn)要在某臥室使用該電暖器臥室的容積為50m3，空氣的比熱容為1.0103J/（kg），空氣密度為=1.2kg/m3，假設(shè)臥室封閉，請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖像及以上信息解答下列問(wèn)題。（1）每個(gè)電熱絲正常工作時(shí)的電阻及額定功率是多少?（2）只閉合S2時(shí)，流過(guò)電熱絲的電流為多少?此時(shí)電暖器消耗的總功率為多少?（3）只閉合S1和S2，讓電暖器工作15min，臥室內(nèi)的溫度升高了10，電暖器的加熱效率是多少?27如圖所示為某學(xué)校廁所內(nèi)自動(dòng)沖水裝置簡(jiǎn)化的原理圖，這種裝置能定時(shí)為便池沖水。注水口通過(guò)閥門(mén)控制可保持細(xì)小水流不停地向水箱內(nèi)注水。活塞下方有支撐銷(xiāo)（體

17、積不計(jì)）支撐，隨著水位的升高，當(dāng)活塞被頂起時(shí)水由沖水口快速流出，當(dāng)兩側(cè)液面相平時(shí)，活塞落下，沖水結(jié)束；杠桿AB處在水平位置，O為支點(diǎn)，OA:OB=1:2，A端通過(guò)豎直頂桿AC與活塞相連連接配重M的細(xì)繩通過(guò)定滑輪豎直作用在B端。已知活塞的橫截面積S1=10cm2，右側(cè)蓄水箱的橫截面積為S2=0.12m2，注水速度為20cm3/s，配重M的質(zhì)量m=0.5kg，密度物=2.0103kg/m3，不計(jì)桿AB、頂桿AC、繩及活塞的重力，不計(jì)摩擦，不考慮沖水所用的時(shí)間，水=1.0103kg/m3，g=10N/kg，設(shè)活塞剛被頂起時(shí)，杠桿水平，兩側(cè)水面高度差為h，求：（1）配重M所受浮力F??；（2）兩側(cè)水面高

18、度差h；（3）前后兩次沖水的時(shí)間間隔；（4）若將配重M更換成相同材料體積較小的物體，裝置的其它部分不變，則前后兩次沖水的時(shí)間間隔怎樣變化?此方法能否起到節(jié)水的作用?絕密啟用前人教英語(yǔ)單元卷系列 選修6 Unit2單元試卷考試范圍：xxx；考試時(shí)間：100分鐘；命題人：xxx題號(hào)一二三四五六總分得分注意事項(xiàng)：1答題前填寫(xiě)好自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考號(hào)等信息2請(qǐng)將答案正確填寫(xiě)在答題卡上第I卷（選擇題）請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊修改第I卷的文字說(shuō)明評(píng)卷人得分一、閱讀理解：共15題 每題2分 共30分Chi Zhen, an 18-year-old student in Seville, Spain, used his cam

19、era to tell the story of two girls living next door to each other. Comments on the photos indicate that they have inspired many people to believe that the future is in their own hands.Chi has seen many of his peers living a life without a goal, wasting their time and blaming bad luck. Feeling regret

20、 for them, he took a series of photos of his friends Veronica and Anna Maria, both freshmen at the University of Seville in Spain. They have completely different lifestyles and are getting opposite results. Chi hopes the photos will inspire those who have let go of their own fate.In the photos, Anna

21、 Maria can be seen watching a TV drama. She spends most of her time in front of her laptop. She loves watching TV so much that she just eats take-away food. She rarely goes out because she thinks shes not attractive and doesnt know what to say in social situations. She blames fate. Im not as lucky a

22、s Veronica, she often complains.But she doesnt know that while shes wasting time watching TV dramas, Veronica, the lucky girl next door, has taught herself four foreign languages and traveled to many places. She goes to the library frequently and her knowledge and experience allow her to take part i

23、n any conversation and become the center of attention.The influence of the photos has gone far beyond what Chi expected. One person commented on his photos on R, saying, A wall separates two worlds, and the life we have depends on what we do. Id rather grasp my fate now than complain about everythin

24、g later.1The underlined phrase have let go of in the second paragraph means .A.have let downB.have gone afterC.have given in toD.have struggled for2Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Maria and Veronica are studying in different universities.B.Veronica enjoys taking

25、part in conversations.C.Chi Zhen often blames bad luck.D.Maria is not as lucky as Veronica.3Whats Veronicas attitude to life?A.Indifferent.B.Positive.C.Inactive.D.Worried.4What can we learn from the passage?A.Chi Zhen feels regret for Maria and Veronica.B.Veronica doesnt enjoy traveling.C.Maria has

26、determined to grasp her fate.D.Chis photos on the Internet have attracted more attention than expected.【答案】1C2B3B4D【解析】1詞義猜測(cè)題。從語(yǔ)境看,畫(huà)線部分與第二段中的living a life without a goal, wasting their time and blaming bad luck是一致的,因此選C。give in to屈服,投降;let down放下,使失望;go after追趕,追求;struggle for為而斗爭(zhēng)。2細(xì)節(jié)理解題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)覆蓋了全文。兩

27、個(gè)女孩是同一所大學(xué)的大一學(xué)生(A錯(cuò));Veronica的知識(shí)和經(jīng)歷使她能參與任何交談,并且成為關(guān)注的中心(B對(duì));Maria經(jīng)常抱怨命運(yùn)(C錯(cuò)),總是說(shuō)自己不如Veronica的運(yùn)氣好(D錯(cuò))。3推理判斷題。從第四段對(duì)Veronica生活的描述來(lái)看,她有積極的生活態(tài)度,因此選B。4推理判斷題。從文章的敘述來(lái)看,A、B、C三項(xiàng)都不符合相關(guān)介紹。最后一段說(shuō)Chi在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布的這些照片造成的影響超過(guò)了他的預(yù)測(cè),因此選D。【備注】無(wú)Parties and social gatherings no longer excite us the same way they once did. This is n

28、ot due to a lack of desire to socialize, but the smartphone.At parties, more people are on their smartphones than on their drinks. According to a recent study from International Data Corporation, well over half of all Americans have a smartphone and reach for it the moment they wake up, keeping it i

29、n hand all day. In addition, too many people are using smartphones while driving and as a result getting into car crashes. 34 percent of teens admit to text while driving, and they confirm that texting messages is their number one driving interruption. Peoples attachment to their smartphones is unbe

30、lievably becoming more important than the lives of themselves and others.Just as drivers dismiss the importance of focusing while on the road, many people also fail to recognize the significance of human interaction. When with their friends, some people pointlessly check or send messages in the pres

31、ence of them, which sends a message that their friends are less important. In addition, relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as being able to make new friends in the real world. Face-to-face conversations will give us the chance to improve our communication

32、skills in the long run.As many people risk their lives and the lives of people around them just to send a text or mindlessly check their messages, smartphones are in many ways more dangerous to people. The technology shows the achievements weaken the value of communication. Not only is the smartphon

33、e affecting our desire to interact (交流) face-to-face, but it is also lowering societys ability to communicate.5The purpose of this text is to .A.call for an end to the use of the smartphone while drivingB.appeal to us to pay attention to communication skillsC.express a concern about the overuse of t

34、he smartphoneD.advise us to be cautious about the addiction to the smartphone6The second paragraph is developed by .A.giving examplesB.listing figuresC.comparing factsD.analyzing the effects7The author advocates making new friends .A.by using smartphonesB.in a face-to-face wayC.in different waysD.un

35、der a free circumstance8Too much dependence on the smartphone leads to the fact that .A.parties and gatherings limit their social circleB.people are more and more narrow-mindedC.peoples communication skills are weakenedD.face-to-face communication becomes less important【答案】5C6A7B8C【解析】5主旨大意題。全文通過(guò)描述人

36、們?cè)谏缃粓?chǎng)合或開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)埋頭使用手機(jī)這一現(xiàn)象,提出了這一現(xiàn)象背后值得思考的話題:手機(jī)的過(guò)度使用影響到了人們的日常生活和交流,因此選C。6推理判斷題。第二段講述人們使用手機(jī)的情況,比如在聚會(huì)上、開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí),并提到青少年開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)使用手機(jī)發(fā)短信的具體事例,因此該段是通過(guò)給出一系列的例子來(lái)闡述觀點(diǎn)的。7細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者在第三段的結(jié)尾說(shuō),Face-to-face conversations will give us the chance to improve our communication skills in the long run.,因此選B。8細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段談到人們埋頭使用手機(jī)疏忽身邊的交流的壞處

37、是weaken the value of communication, C項(xiàng)是對(duì)該信息的轉(zhuǎn)述,因此選C?！緜渥ⅰ繜o(wú)Ever walked to the shops only to find, once there, youve completely forgotten what you went for? Or struggled to remember the name of an old friend? For years weve accepted that a forgetful brain is as much a part of ageing as wrinkles and gre

38、y hair. But now a new book suggests that weve got it all wrong.According to The Secret Life of the Grown-up ! 未來(lái)腦教學(xué)云平臺(tái)_Brain, by science writer Barbara Strauch, when it comes to the important things, our brain actually gets better with age. In fact, she argues that some studies have found that our b

39、rain hits the peak between our 40s and 60s much later than previously thought.Furthermore, instead of losing many brain cells as we age, we retain them, and even produce new ones well into middle age. For years its been assumed that brain, much like the body, declines with age. But the longest and l

40、argest study into what happens to people as they age suggests otherwise.This continuing research has followed 6,000 people since 1956, testing them every seven years. It has found that on average, participants performed better on cognitive (認(rèn)知的) tests in their 40s and 50s than they had done in their

41、 20s. Specifically, older people did better on tests of vocabulary, verbal memory (how many words you can remember) and problem-solving. Where they performed less well was number ability and perceptual speed how fast you can push a button when ordered. However, with more complex tasks such as proble

42、m-solving and language, we are at our best at middle age and beyond. In short, researchers are now coming up with scientific proof that we do become wiser with age.Neuroscientists are also finding that we become happier with age. A recent study found older people were much better at controlling and

43、balancing their emotions. It is thought that when were younger we need to focus more on the negative aspects of life in order to learn about the possible dangers in the world, but as we get older weve learned our lessons and are subconsciously aware that we have less time left in life. Therefore, it

44、 becomes more important for us to be happy.9Barbara Strauch probably agrees that .A.the young are better at handling important thingsB.peoples brain works best between their 40s and 60sC.ageing leads to the decline of the function of the brainD.wrinkles and grey hair are the only symbols of ageing10

45、The continuing research has found older people perform better on .A.vocabulary testsB.number abilityC.perceptual speedD.body balance11People are happier with age because .A.they learn to value the time leftB.they know how to share feelingsC.they cannot focus on negative aspectsD.they do not realize

46、the possible dangers12What is the main idea of the passage?A.People get wiser with age.B.People get more forgetful with age.C.People get happier with age.D.People get more self-aware with age.【答案】9B10A11A12A【解析】9細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的when it comes to the important things, our brain actually gets better with

47、age. In fact, she argues that some studies have found that our brain hits the peak between our 40s and 60s可知選B。10細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的older people did better onand problem-solving可知選A。11細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的but as we get older weve learned our lessons and are subconsciously aware that we have less time left in lif

48、e. Therefore, it becomes more important for us to be happy. 可知選A。12主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段末的But now a new book suggests that weve got it all wrong.以及全文的內(nèi)容可知,隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),人們會(huì)變得更加睿智,故選A項(xiàng)?！緜渥ⅰ繜o(wú)I moved into a new house in July. Since then I have met a few of my neighbors who are very nice people. For Christmas, I thou

49、ght I would do something nice for each of the neighbors I knew. There were nine neighbors whom I knew by name or spoke with often when I was in my yard. I knew which houses they lived in.I decided to add one more to my list. This lady I decided to add lived down the street from me. I met her every m

50、orning as I drove down the street. She always smiled at me. But I had no idea who she was and which house she lived in.I planned to make small fruit baskets and leave them on my neighbors front porches(門(mén)廊) on Christmas Eve. I signed the cards: Happy Holidays from 5104 Northumberland Road.I saved the

51、 last for the friendly lady. I finally decided on a house where I met her each morning and guessed that it was hers.My neighbors really appreciated the baskets and would tell me as they saw me in the yard or they would call, and a couple even came by to thank me.The next morning I found a small note

52、 in the mailbox. It was addressed simply: Resident, 5104 Northumberland Road.The thank-you card really caught me by surprise. I opened it and read the message, Thank you for the lovely fruit basket you left on our porch. It was very thoughtful. Richard Kelly passed away last week. He talked a lot ab

53、out how nice it was that someone remembered him in his time of illness. He really appreciated it.I had no idea who Richard Kelly was and that he had been seriously ill. I had left that nice ladys basket on his porch by mistake. I wanted to say sorry, but that would be wrong. I believe that Mr Kelly

54、was supposed to have that basket because he was dying. I hate that the nice lady did not receive the fruit basket, but I believe if she knew what had happened, she would be happy. I feel pleased to have made Richard Kellys last days be more cheerful.13How many Christmas gifts did the author intend t

55、o send?A.Nine.B.Eight.C.Ten.D.Eleven.14Where did the friendly lady live?A.She lived at the end of Northumberland Road.B.Her address was 5104 Northumberland Road.C.She was thought to share a house with Mr Kelly.D.The author was not sure about her address at all.15What does the author mean in the last

56、 paragraph?A.He was regretful that the nice lady didnt receive his gift.B.He was glad to have made Mr Kellys life more pleasant.C.He thought Richard Kelly deserved to receive that basket.D.The lady was happy to sacrifice to make Kelly happy.【答案】13C14D15B【解析】13細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的第四句話和第二段中的第一句話可知,作者要送10份禮物。1

57、4細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者推測(cè)那位女士住在早上作者經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到她的那個(gè)地方,但是下文又說(shuō)花籃放錯(cuò)了地方,可見(jiàn)她并不住在那里,故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。5104 Northumberland Road是作者的地址,故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。由于作者放錯(cuò)花籃,病中的Mr kelly收到了圣誕禮物,但是文中并沒(méi)有提及那位女士和Mr kelly同住一室,因此C項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。由此可見(jiàn),作者并不知道那位女士究竟住在何處。15推理判斷題。最后一段的最后一句話寫(xiě)出了作者想要表達(dá)的感受,B項(xiàng)的陳述與最后一句意思相同,故選B。【備注】無(wú)評(píng)卷人得分二、七選五：共5題 每題2分 共10分Self-esteem (自尊) is a collection of b

58、eliefs or feelings we have about ourselves. Having a healthy self-esteem can help us through difficult times and help us remain focused on what is important to us. Research shows that children with high self-esteem grow up to be more confident adults. Self-esteem building should start from an early

59、age. 16Praise BehaviorChildren need feedback. Its how they measure their behavior and it plays a role in learning from experience. Provide specific praise for actual acts and efforts made in the process. 17Identify StrengthsPreschoolers are always watching each other. On the bright side, they learn

60、new things from each other. On the other side, they can become self-critical when they see a peer accomplish something they are still struggling for. 18Tell your children to focus on their strengths when they start to draw comparisons.Foster (培養(yǎng)) a Sense of BelongingChildren may not understand how p