托福聽力技巧分析備課講稿課件

1、托福聽力技巧分析新托福考試聽力部分介紹考試形式預(yù)讀題目筆記題型PBT舊托福PaperYesNo multiple choiceIBT新托福InternetNoYes新題型：多選題，重聽題，表格配對題題量，時間文章類型題量題目數(shù)時間Conversation25/conversation2-3min/ conversation Lecture 46/lectureanswering: 20 min 30seconds/ question) Total634（17/section）60評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1. 當(dāng)問題的分值是1分時，所有的項(xiàng)目都要回答正確，這一題才算是拿到了全部分值。2. 當(dāng)問題的分值是2分時，

2、比如，四選三的題目，必須全部答對才能得到所有分值；選對2個，可得到1個分值。3. 新托福聽力以單選題為主，多選題和表格題為輔。CONVERSATION 文章思路框架raise the problem-analyze the problem - solve the problemLECTURE 文章思路框架beginning- way of teaching (content)-endingTPO1-19聽力分類Conversation 場景分類論文/研究項(xiàng)目場景TPO 2 C1， TPO 4 C2， TPO5 C2， TPO6 C2， TPO9 C1，TPO12 C1TPO13 C1，TPO1

3、7 C1圖書館/書店場景TPO1 C1，TPO4 C1，TPO7 C2，TPO9 C2，TPO14 C1，專業(yè)討論/課程內(nèi)容討論場景TPO1 C2，TPO8 C2，TPO10 C1，TPO15 C2，課外/校內(nèi)活動場景TPO3 C2，TPO6 C1，TPO11 C2，TPO15 C1，報到/注冊場景TPO3 C1，TPO5 C1，TPO8 C1，TPO18 C1選課/換課場景TPO2 C2，TPO11 C1，TPO14 C2，TPO16 C2 抱怨/反饋場景TPO12 C2，TPO16 C1，TPO19 C2，實(shí)驗(yàn)室場景TPO13 C2Lecture 具體分類新托?？荚囶}型 GIST QUES

4、TION 主旨目的題（100%）pay attention to the first sentence!（name）什么是主旨目的題？（what？）requires the listener to understand critical vocabulary phrases or facts from several points in a text and to interpret to identify the key points of the text. Questions that test understanding the gist may require you to gene

5、ralize or synthesize information in what you hear.提問方式：What are the students mainly discussing? What is the main topic of the talk? What is the lecture mainly about?What is the talk mainly about?What is the main purpose of the lecture?What is the professor mainly discussing?What problem does the man

6、 have?What are the speakers mainly discussing?What is the main topic of the lecture?What is the lecture mainly about?What aspect of X does the professor mainly discuss?Why does the student visit the professor?Why does the student visit the registrars office?Why did the professor ask to see the stude

7、nt?Why does the professor explain X?文章的主旨：Pay attention to the name of this course.The listening passage will begin like this: “Listen to part of a lecture in anastronomy class”. Listen to part of a lecture in a _class.（1） 直接展開（pay attention to the sentences at the beginning） today we are going to b

8、e talking about Id like to begin my lecture by introducing lets focus on lets now take a look at（2） 問答式展開： how are companies typically structured? Do you remember what they are? How can you understand it? Why does human being consider it important?Or: 全文關(guān)鍵詞總結(jié)干擾選項(xiàng)特征:Too general: an idea that is beyon

9、d the focus of the conversation or lecturetoo specific: a supporting detail instead of a main ideainaccurate: not true, or only partially true, according to the speakersirrelevant: about something that the speakers dont mentionTPO 15 Lecture 1 psychology Lecture 1(第一句）For decades, psychologists have

10、 been looking at our ability to perform tasks while other things are going on, how we are able to keep from being distracted and what the conditions for good concentration are. 心理學(xué)家一直在觀察我們在進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)活動同時旁邊還有其他事情在進(jìn)行的能力，我們怎樣保持不被干擾，以及怎樣的條件下可以集中注意。教授通過開門見山的方法，告訴我們lecture的主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于集中注意的能力的研究。（接著）As long ago as 1

11、982, researchers came up with something called the CFQ - the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire.這里講了研究者想出的一種叫做CFQ的研究方法。由此得出，答案是D，大腦怎樣處理干擾的研究。TPO 15 Lecture 1 psychology6. What is the lecture mainly about?A. Methods people used to eliminate distractions. (irrelevant)B. The area of the brain responsible

12、 for blocking distractions (too specific)C. The usefulness of questionnaires in assessing distractibility. (irrelevant)D. Research about how the brain deals with distractions.（research-CFQ）TPO 19 conversation 2對話主要講述了關(guān)于cafeteria在一些食物問題，比如用油過多，有機(jī)食物上的相關(guān)意見全文關(guān)鍵詞總結(jié):meal plan, food, cafeteria18. What is t

13、he conversation mainly about?Changes that will be made in food choices offered to students ( too specific)Food-safety procedures followed by the cafeteria staff （irrelevant）Issues related to the cafeterias food policyCommon complaints about the food served in the cafeteria (irrelevant)DETAIL QUESTIO

14、N 細(xì)節(jié)題什么是細(xì)節(jié)題？(what?)require the listener to understand and remember explicit details or facts that are important as an explanation or an example of the main idea. These details are typically related, directly or indirectly, to the gist of the text, by providing elaboration, examples or other support.

15、(detail, support, example) TIPS：No inference is needed. 提問方式： What problem does the man have? According to the conversation, what are two ways in which bacteria cells get resistance genes? Why does the professor talk about Platos description of society? According to the professor, what is one way th

16、at X can affect Y? According to the professor, what is the main problem with the X theory? What is X? What resulted from the invention of X?舉例example 舉例的具體內(nèi)容、例子的作用 關(guān)注舉例的上下文，說話的人為什么要舉這個例子，要證明什么，表明什么觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度，還有例子本身說了那些內(nèi)容。聽標(biāo)志舉例的關(guān)鍵詞，比如：For example、like、for instance 、in this case、in another case、take the ca

17、se of、on this occasion 聽定義：（專有名詞+definition+supporting details）學(xué)科的專有名詞 （首字母代替）標(biāo)志詞：it refers to、that is 、that means、which means、This is to say、in other words 、in another words TPO 13 lecture 1 city planning:Now, what is a pedestrian mall? Its a pretty simple concept really, it is essentially an outdo

18、or shopping area designed just for people on foot. Andwell, unlike many of other shopping malls that are built in suburb nowadays,these pedestrian malls are typically located in the downtown areas of the city.And there are features like white sidewalks, comfortable outdoor sitting andmaybe even for

19、tens-UNyou know art. There are variations on this model ofcourse, .聽強(qiáng)調(diào)提高聲調(diào)、放慢語速、前邊會有停頓，最常見的還是會有標(biāo)志詞 e.g TPO 1 Lecture 1So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a certain painting. Its a farm scene. And the most important is、This is very important、A major point is、The i

20、mportant idea is、The thing aboutis extremely important、In fact 聽原因聽原因細(xì)節(jié)時，要注意什么是因，什么是果 表示前因后果：So / therefore、consequently、as a consequence、for this purpose 、result in、lead to表示前果后因：Result from、stem for 、originate from、spring from arise out of、it lies/is in (that)，becauseTPO 13 lecture 1 city planning

21、Business owners in the city centers or the downtown areas have experienced some financial losses,(果)because of the city movement of the people out of the city and then into suburbs. （因）聽結(jié)尾判斷結(jié)尾的部分只要看考試界面的時間條 會出現(xiàn)表示結(jié)尾的詞，例如：To sum up、To conclude / in conclusion、In summary / to summarize。聽數(shù)字、地點(diǎn)、人物聽聽數(shù)字、地點(diǎn)

22、、人物時注意他們所代表的內(nèi)容、所指的內(nèi)容還有有同類內(nèi)容時他們的區(qū)別，具體時間段發(fā)生的事情等。相似或者對比表示相似的表達(dá)有：like、similar、resemblance、to resemble、similarity，表示對比的表達(dá)：in contrast with. 、whereas、on the contrary、different from.、on the other hand、however、butTPO 16 Lecture 2 Music history 16. Why does the professor discuss Clara Schumann?She influenced

23、 the design of the modern piano.She grew up in an environment that encouraged female musicians.Her musical talents were inherited from her parents.Her background and Robert Schumanns background were similar.細(xì)節(jié)（舉例目的題），1. 答案出現(xiàn)在lecture結(jié)尾。2. 舉例(理解)原文：Clara grew up to become a well-known and respected pi

24、ano virtuoso, a performer of extraordinary skill who not only gave concerts across Europe, but also was one of the first important female composers for the instrument.PURPOSE QUESTION 功能題(切忌斷章取義，回憶出現(xiàn)位置，并結(jié)合上下文，在情境中選)什么是功能題？（what？）the question type often involves replaying a portion of the listening p

25、assage.如何識別功能題？What does the professor imply when he says this: (reply)What can be inferred from the professors response to the student?What is the purpose of the womans response?Why does the student say this?托福聽力中的常見功能：（1） Explanation: Simply put/ Lets put in this way/ I think I should/ you mean（2）

26、 Conclusion: now to sum/ wrap up my speech（3） Suggestion: you should have done something better（4） Inspiration: come on, you are supposed to know this（5） Emphasis: please bear in mind that/ Rhetorical question（6） Correcting mistake: wait a minute/ I made a slip of tongueTPO 18 Conversation 222. What

27、 does the professor mean when she says this: Oh, well, the marketing departments pretty big.A. The student could probably find a marketing professor who has an interest in sociologyB. The students marketing professor might not be aware of the television study.C. No more students are needed to partic

28、ipate in the television study.D. The marketing department needs students for several research studies.邏輯！原文：B: Oh, well, I have marketing and economics Monday mornings and Thursday.A: OH, you are taking the marketing class? Whos teaching it?B: Its Professor Largin - Intro to Marketing. Hr hasnt ment

29、ioned the study though.A: Oh, well, the marketing departments pretty big. I happen to be friends with a woman who is doing the TV study. Ok, well, we dont want you missing class. Hows Thursday?Highlight部分就是題眼。教授問學(xué)生誰教你市場課的，學(xué)生說了個人教授不認(rèn)識得出結(jié)論 市場部很大。教授又說自己有個朋友正在做 TV-study,言下之意就是學(xué)生的教授也許沒聽說過這個study，因?yàn)槭袌霾刻罅?/p>

30、。4. ATTITUDE QUESTION 態(tài)度題注意說話者的語調(diào)（apologetic, confused, exciting)什么是態(tài)度題？（what？）you may be asked a question about the speakers feelings, likes and dislikes, or reason for anxiety or amusement. Also included in this category are questions about a speakers degree of certainty: is the speaker referencin

31、g a source or giving a personal opinion? Are the facts presented generally accepted or are they disputed?提問方式：What can be inferred about the student?What is the professors attitude toward?What is the professors opinion of ?What can be inferred about the student when she says this:What does the woman

32、 mean when she says this:e.g TPO 19 lecture 1 Linguistic but it seems to me it probably wasnt quite like that.托福聽力中的常見態(tài)度：（1） Awful: woops! Uh-uh! Oh, no! Oh, dear! Oh, shoot!（2） Remind: I dont think you will do/ I was wondering if you will do something/ I dont imagine ifyou do/ you havent done somet

33、hing, have you?（3） Pity: what a shame/ thats too bad./ Im sorry to hear that/ tough luck（4） Eulogy: Fabulous=Fab; Magnificent=Magnif; Glamorous=Glam; Excellent; Terrific;Awesome; Amazing; Fantastic; Incredible; Outstanding; Superb; Charming; Good job（5） to the professor: Fascinating; Catching; Instr

34、uctive; Stimulating Thought-provoking;（6） Surprise: Gee! Jesus! My dear! Boy! Jesus Christ! Man! Oh, my God! Gosh! Oh, my! What!Dear me!（7） Tactful refuse: Sounds great, but/ Sounds like fun, but/ thats tempting, but/ I wish I could,but/ Id love to, but/ Id really like to, but/ I would (if I could),

35、 but/ I meant to, but/ I have beenmeaning to (do something), but/ I should have, but5. ORGANIZATION QUESTION 結(jié)構(gòu)題什么是結(jié)構(gòu)題？（what？）in understanding organization questions you may be asked about the overall organization of the listening passage, or you may be asked about the relationship between two porti

36、ons of the listening passage.題型：（1） 配對表格題：重要信息對號入座，側(cè)重于考察多個時間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件的對應(yīng)段落中（TPO 13 lecture 3 Poetry）主要論點(diǎn)下的各分支及各分支定義和主要特點(diǎn)（2） 判斷表格題：側(cè)重于考察哪些信息提到?jīng)]提到（注意記錄文中列舉的主要觀點(diǎn)舉例）（TPO 16 lecture 1 Biology）（3） 排序表格題：側(cè)重于考察對過程步驟地把握（TPO 1 lecture 2 Geology）INFERENCE QUESTION 推理題什么是推理題？（what？）You usually have to reach a c

37、onclusion based on facts presented in the listening passage.提問方式：What can be inferred about ? What does the professor imply about ? What will the students do in the summer?What can be inferred about the student?What is the professors attitude toward X?What is the professors opinion of X?What does th

38、e professor imply about X?What will the student probably do next?What can be inferred about X?推理題的解題技巧（1） 注意出現(xiàn)的觀點(diǎn)性語言：in my opinion, as far as Im concerned, personally, pay attention, from my point of view（2）總結(jié)整篇聽力的內(nèi)容來回答這題（3）正確選項(xiàng)經(jīng)常是文章中沒有出現(xiàn)（推理）TPO13 Lecture 2 EcologyAnd remember what I said about grou

39、ndwater; imagine if we still have all those beavers around, all those wetlands. What would our water supply be like then?Beaver本身制造水壩-生成靜水-生成wetland & more ground water-物種增加總結(jié)整篇聽力的內(nèi)容來回答這題正確選項(xiàng)經(jīng)常是文章中沒有出現(xiàn)的。TPO13 Lecture 2 Ecology17.What does the professor imply when she says this:imagine if we still ha

40、ve all those beavers around, all those wetlands. What would our water supply be like then?Beaver dams would cause floods in many areas where people now live.Beaver dams would cause most of the water supply to be inaccessible.Large areas of land would become unusable by humans.More groundwater would

41、be available for human consumption.托福聽力中的語音問題?。▽W(xué)生聽不到，聽不懂）1. 連讀問題（聽不到-影響理解） 托福聽力過程中的連讀問題（1） 關(guān)鍵性詞語出現(xiàn)連讀：否定形式 （Sabrina） not at all：The meeting yesterday wasnt at all boring.（2） 常用性詞語出現(xiàn)連讀 (Hero, Veronica, James, Jennie) for him，travel agency, Springs arriving 連讀中的基本規(guī)則（3） 輔音+元音連讀 I was found on the ground

42、 by the fountain about a field of a summer stride. Not at all. Rush hour. This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do. I work in a travel agency. Springs arriving.（2） 輔音+輔音連讀 Some money, bike key（3） 元音+元音連讀 Be on time（4） H 連讀 I lent him a book. Larry is taking a lot of art, isnt he?

43、The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.I must have left my keys at my sisters house. She learned to use the computer on her own. （5） 其他特殊連讀 【t】+【j】=【ch】：meet you, hurt you, that your 【d】+【j】=【dg】：would you, hand your, did you 【s】+【j】=【sh】：miss you, this year 【z】+【j】=【g】：as usual, because

44、you Example: wont you, dont you, didnt you, havent you, hadnt you, wouldnt you,werent you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you, would you, I advice you, Iuse your, hows your2. 失爆問題：托福聽力過程中的失爆問題：【p】，【b】，【t】，【d】，【k】，【g】任意兩個連續(xù)出現(xiàn)就會發(fā)生失爆現(xiàn)象Sit down, good night, friendly -this calculator isnt wo

45、rking right.-I think youve got the battery in upside down.3.略讀問題： 托福聽力過程中的略讀問題：書寫時將兩個或多個相鄰的單詞省略某些字母而連接起來 I am = Im, you have = youve, how is = hows, that would = thatdDoesnt, didnt, shouldnt, hadnt, hasnt, wouldnt, wontIm, youre, shes, theyre, theres, hes, whosWeve, hell, shed, shell, shes, theyd, t

46、heyve, theyllCant, werent, wont, arent, wouldnt, shouldntGotta, gonna4. 弱讀問題： 托福聽力過程中的弱讀問題（1） 介詞弱化： stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee, the train toParis（2） 代詞弱化： Phone us when you are free. Ive lost my book.（3） 連詞弱化： Please give me some cream and sugar. Either Tom or Peter can come.5.英美音差異問題：托福聽力過程中的英美音問題（1） 【r】音問題 Idea, really They werent at the dorm last nigh