2019-2020年八年級英語下冊Unit-2知識講解及練習(xí)

1、-一、重點詞匯1. volunteer 志愿者；自愿做 2. cheer 歡呼；喝彩 3. sign 標(biāo)志；信號 4. fix 修理；安裝 5. repair 修理；修補 6.disabled 有殘疾的7. satisfaction滿足；滿意 8.notice 通知；注意 9.lonely 孤獨的；寂寞的 10.alone 獨自；單獨11. deaf 聾的 12.blind 瞎的；失眠的 13. carry 拿；提；扛 14. train 訓(xùn)練；培訓(xùn)15.raise 募集；征集 16. several幾個；一些 17. broken 破損的；殘缺的 18. change變化；改變 19. im

2、agine想象；設(shè)想 20. clever聰明的 二、重點短語1.clean up打掃干凈 2. cheer up使振奮、使高興3. give out分發(fā)；散發(fā) 4. put off推遲5. set up設(shè)立；建立 6. hand out分發(fā)7. call up 打電話；征召 8. come up with 想出；提出9. fix up維修、修理 10. care for照顧；非常喜歡11. take after（外貌或行為）相像 12. try out 參加.選拔；試用 13. set up 建立；設(shè)立 14. give away贈送；捐贈 15.run out of用完,用盡,耗盡 16.

3、uesd to 曾經(jīng);過去17. be similar to與一樣/相似 18. at once馬上；立刻19. Put up 張貼；舉起 20.decide to 決定21.worry about 焦慮；擔(dān)心 22. think about 思考；考慮三、詞句點撥Ill help clean up the city parks.clean up something (=clean something up) 收拾整齊；打掃干凈；整理。如：You should clean up your classroom before you leave it.你們離開教室前應(yīng)該把它打掃干凈。Clean t

4、he broken cup up please.請把摔碎的杯子掃凈。2.The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.cheer可用作及物動詞或不及物動詞。意為“使高興”；“使興奮” cheer up 是“高興起來”的意思。如： He cheered up at once when I promised to help him.當(dāng)我答應(yīng)幫他時，他立即就高興起來。The good news cheered(up)everybody. 喜訊使每個都很高興。3. The boy could give out f

5、ood at a food bank.give out 有“分發(fā)；發(fā)出 ；發(fā)表、公布”的意思。如：The teacher asked you to give out papers.老師讓你發(fā)試卷。He gave out an article last week. 他上周發(fā)表一篇文章。 4.We need to come up with a plan. come up with 在本句中意思為“想出；提出” 另外Come up with還有“趕上；跟上；接近” 的意思。如：(1) I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.我希望你能提

6、出這個更好的計劃。(2) We shall have to work hard to come up with them.我們要努力工作趕上他們。5.We cant put off making a plan.句中的put off 意思是“延期；拖延” 如：(1) They will put off the meeting until next week.他們將會議延期到下周。(2) Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today.今天能做的事情快不能拖到明天。（今日事今日做）6.we are going to set up a food

7、bank to help hungry people .set up 在本句中意思為“建立；成立”或“樹立起來”。如：Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.愛迪生10歲就建立了他自己的化學(xué)實驗室。（2）Lets set up the tent first. 我們先把帳篷搭起來。7.But I get to spend time doing what I love t o do. 句中 Get to有兩層意思。（1）到達（某地、某一時刻或年歲等）。（2）開始（做某事）。如： He got to New York at

8、9:00 yesterday evening.他昨天晚上九點到達紐約。Lucy got to lean Chinese hard when she heard the boys story. 露西開努力學(xué)習(xí)語文，她聽完這個男孩的故事后。四、日常用語：1. Dont put it off. 不要推遲它。 Dont put off what can be done today till tomorrow.今日事，今日畢。 2. What do you like doing? 你喜歡做什么？ I like playing football. 我喜歡踢足球。 Well, you could help

9、coach a football team for little kids. 那好，你可以幫助訓(xùn)練小孩子們的足球隊。3. What do you do Jimmy? 吉米，你是做什么工作的？ I fix up bikes and give them away. 我修理自行車并且把它們贈送出去。五、知識點精講 + 巧練1. Ill clean up the city parks. 我將幫助打掃城市公園。（1.）clean up是一個由動詞副詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語，它的意思是“把什么打掃干凈”。如果賓語是名詞，可以放在動詞和副詞的之間，也可以放在副詞的后面；如果賓語是代詞，必須放在動詞和副詞的之間。例如

10、：Our classroom is dirty, we must clean it up. 我們的教室非常臟，我們必須把它打掃干凈。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】Look! Your shoes are very dirty, please _.A. clean it up B. clean up it C. clean them up D. clean up them2. You could help clean up the city parks. 你能幫助打掃城市公園。（1.）動詞短語help somebody do somethinghelp somebody to do something的意思是

11、“幫助某人做某事”，也可以用動詞短語help somebody with something。例如：Can you help me with my English? 你能幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語嗎？當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】My mother likes to help me _ my homework.A. does B. doing C. did D. doId like to help homeless people. 我想幫助那些無家可歸的人。（1.）句子中的would like to do somethingwant to do somethingfeel like doing something， 它

12、們的意思是“想要做某事”。例如：Wed like to go there by bus. 我們想要乘坐公共汽車去那里。 （2.）homeless的意思是“無家可歸的”，它是由名詞home后綴less構(gòu)成的表示否定意義的合成詞。例如：care（細心的） careless（粗心的），hope（有希望的）hopeless（沒有希望的）。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】Some students feel like _ to school on foot.A. to go B. going C. go D. goes4.We could each call up ten people and ask them to

13、come.我們可以每個人給十個人打電話并且請他們來。（1）could是情態(tài)動詞，它的后面用動詞原形，call和ask這兩個動詞由連詞and連接，表示并列關(guān)系。（2）動詞短語call up的意思是“打電話”，如果賓語是代詞要放在call up的之間。例如：Please call me up tomorrow. 請明天給我打電話。（3）ask somebody to do something的意思是“要某人做某事”，它的否定形式是ask somebody not to do something。例如：The policeman asked us not to play football on th

14、e road. 警察要求我們不要在公路上踢足球。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】Our teacher asked us _ in the classroom.A. dont play B. not play C. dont to play D. not to play5. Being a volunteer is great. 做一名志愿者是很棒的。本句子的being a volunteer作主語，動名詞短語在句子中作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。相當(dāng)于動詞不定式作主語，如果動詞不定式作主語經(jīng)常用Its +adjto do sth。本句子可以改為：Its great to be a volunteer.

15、 當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】_ TV too much is bad for your eyes.A. Watch B. Watching C. To watching D. Watches6. She decide to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.她決定去參加一個志愿者課外閱讀選拔節(jié)目。（1.）volunteer可以作名詞，它的意思是“志愿者”。例如：We need some volunteers to teach English in the village school. 我們需要一些志愿者到山區(qū)學(xué)校教英語。（2.）v

16、olunteer還可以作及物動詞，它的意思是“自愿獻出”，作不及物動詞是“自愿”的意思。例如：Would you like to volunteer your time to help us? 你愿意自愿獻出你的時間來幫助我們嗎？當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】Some _ are _ their time to help the old people during their vacation.A. volunteer; volunteer B. volunteers; volunteering C. volunteering; volunteersD. volunteers; volunteers7. S

17、he could read by herself at the age of four. 她在四歲時就能獨自看書了。（1 ）by + oneself 獨立地；獨自地（強調(diào)自己本身） 如：Children should learn to do things by themselves.孩子們應(yīng)該學(xué)會獨立做事。 She learns English by herself. 她自學(xué)英語。（2）by 是一個介詞，后跟名詞，名詞性短語，V-ing 。 （3）bydoing的意思是“通過做某事的方式來完成”，by是介詞，它的后面可以用表示交通工具的名詞。 例如：by bus，by bike .當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考

18、例】We are learning English by _ the tape every day.A. listen B. listening C. listen to D. listening to8. Not only do we feel good about helping other people，but we get to spend time doing what love to do. 我們不僅從幫助別人當(dāng)中獲得快樂，而且我們也可以逐步花時間做我們愿意做的事情。（1.）本句子的連詞not only.but also的意思是“不但.而且.”，連接兩個并列成分。 如果 連接兩個主

19、語的時候，謂語動詞和also后面的主語保持一致。 Not only放在句子開頭的時候連接兩個句子，要用倒裝形式，用助動詞構(gòu)成倒裝形式。例如：Not only did I say so, but also I did so. 我不僅這樣說，也這樣做了。）主語spend時間或者金錢（in）doing sth. 表示“某人花時間、金錢做某事”的意思。例如：He spends too much time（in）playing computer games. 他花太多時間在電腦游戲上。（3）主語+spend時間或者金錢on sth. 表示“在.上花費時間或金錢”例如：I spend 200 Yuan o

20、n the new bike. 我花了200元買這輛新自行車。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】My little brother often spends two hours _ TV at home every night.A. watching B. watch C. to watch D. watched9. Im sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.（1）set up 建起，設(shè)立。 The building was set up in our city. （2）be suremake sure

21、，它的意思是“確信”，它的后面可以跟賓語從句：be sure that +句子 ，也可以用be sure to do sth 。（3）be sure of/ about sth.的意思是“對某事有把握”。例如：He is sure of his success. 他對他的成功有把握。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】Make sure _ before nine oclock.A. getting back B. to get back C. get back D. to get 10Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick

22、children because they are often sad.（1）本句子的is trying是現(xiàn)在進行時，表示一直正在進行的動作?，F(xiàn)在進行時的結(jié)構(gòu)是：beV-ing 例如：What were you doing at eight yesterday evening? 昨晚上八點你在做什么？（2）動詞短語try to do sth.的意思是“盡力做某事”。例如：I will try to help you. 我將盡力幫助你。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】My mother _ TV at that time last night.A. watched B. is watching C. to wa

23、tch D. was watching11.Jimmy has run out of money.run out of 用完；用盡；耗盡。Ive run out of my tooth paste this morning.今天早晨，我用完了牙膏。HYPERLINK /What if you were to run out of money? What would you do?假設(shè)你的錢用完了呢？你將怎么辦呢？12. You helped to make it possible for me to have “Lucky”.有了你的幫助，我才有可能擁有“幸運兒”。(狗名)（1）make it

24、 possible for sb to do sth.的意思是“使得某人有做某事的可能”，在這個句型中，it僅是一個形式上的賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式（to）。例如：You help make it possible for me to pass the exam. 你的幫助使我有可能通過考試。 （2）help (to) do sth. “幫助做某事”Could you help to open the window? 你能幫忙打開窗子嗎？help sb (to) do sth. 意為“幫助某人做某事”，不定式符號to可以省略。He often helps me to study En

25、glish.=He often helps me study English. 他經(jīng)常幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語。help sb with sth. 意為“幫助某人做某事”或“在方面幫助某人”。有時在上下文意思清楚時，與help sb (to) do sth.意思相近。You can help me carry the things. =You can help me with the things. 你可以幫我拿這些東西。習(xí)慣句式中的helpCould you help me, please? 你能幫助我嗎？May I help you? / Can I help you? 我可以幫助你嗎？習(xí)慣用語中的

26、help1. help oneself (to) +名詞，意為“請隨便吃”。這是招待客人的常用語，oneself有人稱和數(shù)的變化。Help yourself to some chicken. 請隨便吃些雞肉。2.with the help of sb.或 with ones help 意為“在某人的幫助下”。這里的with不可用under來代替。With the help of my teacher, I can pass the exam. / With my teachers help, I can pass the exam. 在老師的幫助下，我能通過這次考試當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】She he

27、r mother the dishes last night. A. help toB. helped to C. helps with D. helped with12.They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.他們給我講過去的經(jīng)歷，講過去是什么樣子的。（1）used to be 在此表示過去一度存在但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)消失的某一特定的情形。作這一用法時，used to 常與be, have, live, stay, like, love等詞連用，表示“曾，曾經(jīng)”。例如：She used to be a very clo

28、se friend of mine.她曾是我十分貼心的朋友。擴展：（1）be used to doing sth.“現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣于/經(jīng)常做某事” My grandpa is used to going for a walk after dinner. （2）be used to do sth.be used for doing sth. 意思是“被用來做某事”。例如：Knives are used for cutting things. = Knives are is used to cut things. 刀子是用來切割東西的。當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練【考例】I swim in the lake near my

29、 village when I was young.is used to Bused to C. be used for【考例】Our teachers _ to go to the west of China.A. asked B. are asking C. are asked D. ask 【考例】She teach history last year ，but she teaching English now. A. use to ;used to B. is used to ;used to C. used to；is used to D. is used to；used to；20

30、19-2020年八年級英語下冊Unit 2知識講解及練習(xí)一、根據(jù)句意及首字母提示填空。1.Would you like to work o .2.You could g out food at a food bank.3.Wed like to help h people.4.You could v in an after-school study program.5.He looks sad. Lets c him up.二、把A欄與B欄中相應(yīng)的選項連接起來。 A B1.homeless2.volunteer 3.disabled4.cheer 5.hungera. He broke his

31、 leg in the traffic accident and cant walk any more.b. people who dont have a place to live, and who often live in the streets ,without home.c. the feeling that you want or need to eat .d. person who performs or offers to perform a service of his or her own free wille. make some people feel happier.三、根據(jù)句意，用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.You could start a (China) History Club.2.Id like (join) the school volunteer project.3.Then