人教版八年級英語下冊Unit1-6知識點總結

1、人教版八年級下冊英語知識總結Unit 1have a (high) fever發(fā)(高)燒 have a cough 咳嗽 have a toothach切疼talk too much 說太多have a (bad) cold (重)感冒have a stomachaches 疼have a sore bacl#疼lie down and rest 躺下休息hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的熱茶see a dentist# 牙醫(yī)take one s temperature溫 put some medicine on sth 藥 cut oneself割傷某人自己 sound like

2、聽起來像in the same way以同樣的方式 take breaks休息go along沿著走on the side of the roadfe 馬路邊上 shout for help 大聲呼救without thinking twice 沒有多想get off 下車have a heart problem 心臟病thanks to 多虧，由于in time 及時 on time 準時get into trouble 遇至 U麻煩right away 立刻，馬上put a bandage on sthW 繃帶包扎run sth. under water在水流下沖洗 rfeel sick

3、感到惡心have a nosebleed鼻血put one s head bOck仰get hit on the hea必部受撞擊mountain climbing 登山運動be in control of 掌握，管理in a difficult situation 在困境中l(wèi)ose one s Hfenptake risks 冒險give advice 提建議backn.背，背部 at the back of在的后面adv.回原處，往回去 go/get back返回give back歸還handn. 手 hand in hand 手拉手v. 交給，傳遞hand in 上交 hand on 依

4、次傳遞 hand out 分發(fā)3. with prep.具有，表示某物具有某種特征coffee with sugar 加糖的咖啡和在一起 talk/play with sb.反義詞 withoutChina is a country with long history.I like to talk freely with my friends.Write with a pen.用，使用某種工具Cut it with a knife.作狀語 He came in with a big smile.need v. 需要，用于肯定句是實義動詞作為情態(tài)動詞僅用于否定結構和疑問句或if/weather

5、引導的賓語從句need sth. 需要某物 I need your help.人做主語 sb. need to do sthM人需要做某事 Do you need to drink more water?物做主語 sth. need doing sth.=sth. need to be donefe被動The car needs repairing. = The car needs to be repaired.needn t = don t hafeOSmustn 禁止Must I hand it in today? No, you needn t. You can do it tomorr

6、ow.lie-lay （過去式）-lain （過去分詞）-lying （現(xiàn)在分詞）躺，臥to lie on your back/side/front 仰/側/俯臥lieTiedflied-lying 撒謊 She lies about her age.nests.layf laidflaidflaying 下蛋， 產The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birdssick/ill adj. 生病的sick可放be （系動詞）后作表語，也可放名詞前作定語 be sick of 討厭，厭惡 . sick person = patient 病人川只能放在be （系動詞）

7、后作表語be ill in hospital生病住院advice （不可數(shù)名詞）建議，意見a piece of advice/some adviceadvice on sth. 對某事的建議advise v. advise sb. to do sth He advised me to take a holiday.advise doing sth. He advised taking a holiday.run v.跑步 Running is good for health.經營 run a company 經營公司流動，流淌 tears run from eyesorderv.命令order

8、 sb. To do sth令某人做某事The general ordered the army to put up tents將軍命令軍隊搭帳篷。預訂 ,點，叫（飯菜等）Atanas ordered a salad from the local restaurant.in order to/that.為了 .;以便 n. 順序，次序keep in orderused to do sth. 過去常常做某事be used to doing sth.3 慣做某事be used to do sthM 用來做某事sth. run out （物作主語） / sb. run out of sth （人作主

9、語）The gas runs out.=We run out of the gas.mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著 .Making money doesn t mean getting happiness.see sb. do sth.看到某人做某事了see sb. doing sthf到某人正在做某事find it +adj.+to do sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣She found it difficult to keep fit.give up 放棄 give in 屈服 give out 分發(fā) 三、反身代詞構成第一、二人稱的反身代詞構

10、成：形容詞性物主代詞 +self/selves單數(shù)myself 我自己yourself 你自己復數(shù)ourselves我們 自 己yourselves你們 自 己第三人稱的反身代詞構成：第三人稱賓格 +self/selves單數(shù) himself herself itself 他/她/它自己復數(shù)themselves他們自己不能單獨作主語，可以作主語的同位語，起強調作用（誤） Myself can finish my homework.（正） I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.常見搭配：enjoy o

11、neself = have fun=have a good time 玩得高興teach oneself = learn by oneself 自學 introduce oneself to 自我介紹by oneself = alone 獨自 help oneself to 隨便吃Unit 2一、clean up 打掃cheer up使高興give/hand out 分發(fā)give away 捐贈volunteer to do sth自愿做某事come up with 提出；想出used to過去常常be used to doing sth.3 慣做某事put up 張貼；搭建；舉起put of

12、f 推遲old people s home院care for 照顧at the age of 在 年紀時come true 實現(xiàn)try out 試用；試行try out for參加選拔(試演)be busy with sth.忙于某事be busy doing sth忙于做某事 take after與像fix up 維修disabled people 殘疾人make a difference有影響，起作用 right away/at once立亥U, 馬上 set up 建立，設立be similar to 與 相似the look of joy 快樂的表情help v./n. 幫助 help

13、ful adj. 有幫助的，熱心的help sb. (to) do sth. help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事with/under the helpof 在某人幫助下help oneself/sb. (to sth.)為自己、某人取用 Can I help you to some more salad?help sb. out 幫助某人擺脫困境He is always willing to help out.can t help doing sth.=can t help bBOoth做I can t help thinking that he knows more tha

14、n he has told us.sound/noise/voice 區(qū)另 Usound 指自然界中所有的聲音，可悅耳也可噪音We heard a strange sound.noise 指喧鬧、嘈雜聲等Please stop making so much noise.voice 指人通過發(fā)音器官發(fā)出的聲音(包括說話、唱歌等)I could hear voices in the next room.alone/lonely 區(qū)別alone=by oneself 單獨的，指無人陪伴的客觀事實，不帶感情色彩lonely 指人孤獨、寂寞，強調主觀感受；也可指某個地方偏僻，人跡罕至His grandp

15、arents live alone in a small house, but they don t feel lonely.such/so 區(qū)別suchadj. 修飾名詞such a/an冊容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) such a cold day.such+除many/few外的形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) such cold days.such+除much/little外的形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞 such cold waterno/any/some/all/many等+such+名tThere is no such thing as a free lunch.so 程度副詞 修飾形容詞或副詞so+形容詞+a

16、/an+數(shù)名t單數(shù) so cold a day.so+many/few+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)so many booksso+much/little+不可數(shù)名詞so much money注意：后面接復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時，只能用 such,不能用so;但若復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前有 many, few, little, much修飾時，只能用so不能用such。achieve/come true 區(qū)別achieve 后接賓語，主語一般為人He had finally achieved e true 后不接賓語，主語一般是夢想，理想Finally, her dream came true.repair/fi

17、x/mend 區(qū)別repair 的對象范圍廣，強調受到損失或失靈的東西恢復其形狀或功能。Who has repaired the broken leg of the table?fix強調把松散的部件固定結實，與repair無多大區(qū)別。Can you fix the broken chair?mend恢復某物原來的樣子(包括用針、線縫補)，一般指較小之物.This shirt is too old to mend.imagine+n./Ving/pron.想象，設想She imagined earning much money.誤以為， 猜測 He always imagines that w

18、e are talking about him behind his back.料想，認為 Can we still buy tickets for the concert? I imagine so.care for 照顧；喜歡take care of=look after 照顧care about 關心make a difference to 對產生影響It makes no difference to me. 這對我沒有影響。One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘謬以千里。satisfaction n. 滿意 satisfy v.

19、 使?jié)M意 satisfied adj. 滿意的to one s satisfactions人滿意be satisfied to do sth對做某事感至 U滿意 They are satisfied to solve the problem.be satisfied with sth. 對某事感到滿意She s never satisfied with what she s got.Unit 3一、make one s bed!床鋪 stay out late在外待到很晚 get a ride 搭車help out with幫助解決 finish doing sth.完成做某事 any min

20、ute now 隨時 throw down 扔下 come over 過來 as soon a就 asas 和樣 in surprise 驚訝地 in order to do sth.為了be satisfied +that從旬I m satisfied that they are telling the truth.a waste of time浪費時間mind doing sth.介意做某事do one psart in （doing） sth. 盡某人職責=play a role in.as a result結果是 fall ill 病倒the earlier the better早越好

21、be unfair for sb. 對某人不公平have no idea 不知道give sb. a ride to 開車送某人到 under the stress/pressure f 壓力下 be careful with 小心對待take取，拿 Please take some books to the classroom.吃，喝，服用 take some medicine乘車，船等We can take the train to Beijing.花費 （時間，金錢） It took me 2 hours to finish the blem 客觀存在待解決的問題， 側重

22、困難 solve problems/solutions to problems question 因存疑而提出的問題，側重疑惑answer questions/answers to questionsneither adv. 也不（句子部分倒裝） =norI don t like the new teacher不喜歡新來的老師Neither/Nor do I.我也是。neithernor 既不也不（謂語動詞就近原則）Neither Sarah nor I am tired. neither 兩個都不Either.or.要么 .要么 .borrow sb. sth.=borrow sth. fr

23、om sb. 向某人借某物（借入）He always borrows money from his friends without paying back.lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.借給某人某物（借出） Can you lend me your book for a moment?5.workwork on 正在使用，從事于 . My father has been working on a company. work out 計算；制定出 Do you work out a plan for this travel?機器等正常運轉；有效The medicin

24、e doesn t work for me.spend/pay/cost/take 區(qū)別spend-spent-spent花費，主語是人 sb. spend+寸問/錢+on sth.在某事上花費 sb. spend+寸問/錢+（in/on） doing sth.He spends too much time on /in playing the computer games. pay-paid-paid 支付，主語是人sb. pay +錢 +for sth.paid 30 yuan for the book.cost-cost-cost花費，主語是某物或某事sth. cost sb.彼The

25、new computer cost me a lot of money.take-took-taken 花費 It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費某人多長時間It took me 3 hours to do my vide 提供；供給provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth. 為某人提供某物offer 側重愿意給予supply 定期供應，側重補充所需物品 supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sbdepend on信賴；依靠 dependent依

26、靠的，依賴的 independent獨立的 He is the sort of person you can depend on他這個人你是可以信賴的。I don t want to depend too much on my parents想過度依靠父母。It all depends.= That depend靚情況而定since因為，由于Since we don t have money, we cannot afford a house.自 以后 /以來 It has been two years since we meet last time.as a result 結果，后果He m

27、ade a big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job.as a result of 由于，因為He lost his job as a result of making a big mistake.result in 導致，造成The earthquake has resulted in great damage.there is no need for sb. to do sth對某人來說做某事沒有必要the minute/moment/instant=as soon as就.（在句中作狀語，相當于連詞） The minute he got ho

28、me, it began to rain.waste 浪費n. a waste of time/moneyv. waste time/money on sth.can和could區(qū)別：can表示一般性請求，語氣較隨便；could語氣更委婉Can you tell us the news, Tony?Could you please pass the salt to me?有禮貌的提出請求的句型：Could you （please）包詞原形？請你（做）好嗎？Could you （please） not包詞原形？請你不要（做）好嗎？Unit 4一、hang out with sb與某人閑逛 get

29、 into a fight with sb.與某人爭吵 have a fight with sb.與某人爭吵 call sb. (up)給某人打電話 on the phone在電話中 look through 快速查看，瀏覽 give back 歸還 big deal 重大的事 thanks for為而感謝take after-school classe第力口課后輔導班 be crazy about 對著迷、 熱衷work out 解決get on with sb.與某人相處feel lonely 感到孤單communicate with sb.與某人交流 be afraid of 害怕 no

30、t anymore冉cut out 刪除compare- - with 與 比較 in one s opinionr 看until midnight 直到午夜allowallow doing sth. 允許做某事We don t allow smoking in our house.allow sb. (not) to do sth. (不)允許某人做某事My parents don t allow me to stay up late./ Mr. Smith allows Mike to drive there.be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事Children are

31、n t allowed to play in water.與 let 區(qū)別： let sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事( let 不能用于被動語態(tài))find sb. doing sth. 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事Mr. Smith found his daughter reading a love story book in room. 類似動詞：feel/hear/watch/se*look into sth. 調查，審查look down on sb./sth. 蔑視，瞧不起 look sb. up and down 上下仔細打量，挑 剔地審視某人looklook through sth.

32、快速查看，瀏覽look up from sth. 抬頭往上看look sb. up 拜訪，看望look sth. up 查閱 （詞典、 參考書、 電腦等）look sth. over 查看，檢查hope/wishhope to do sth. I hope to visit the USA someday.hope+that 從句（表示希望） I hope you will be better soon.wish （sb.） to do sth. I wish you to go.wish+that 從句（表示希望,從句用虛擬語氣）I wish I were you.get on/along

33、with sb. （與某人）和睦相處，關系良好She s never really get on/along with her sister.get on/along with sth. （工作）進展，進步；繼續(xù)做某事I m not getting on very fast with this job./ Be quiet and get on with your work. get on/along （某人）進展，進步 He is getting on very well at school.whatever pron. 任何，無論什么 =no matter whatWhatever I s

34、uggest, he always disagrees.論我提什么建議，他都不同意。no matter+S問詞結構和疑問詞+ever在用法上區(qū)別：前者只能引導讓步狀語從 句，后者還可引導名詞性從句。No matter where he may be= （Wherever he may be）, he will be happy. 由no matter what/who/where/when 引導的從句一般后一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去 時。offer v. 主動提出；自愿給與offer to do sth. 主動提出做某事 He offered to help the diabled.offer sb

35、. sth.=offer sth. to sb.主動提出給某人某物She offered me a cup of coffee=She offered a cup of coffee to me.explain v. 解釋，說明 explanation n.explain sth. to sb.=explain sb. sth. 向某人解釋某事Can you explain it to me?explain+that/what/why 等從句 She explained why she wants to cry.be afraid of sb./（doing） sth. 害怕某人/（做）某事b

36、e afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事be afraid +that 從旬compete v. 競爭，對抗competition n. 競爭，比賽competitor 競爭對手compete with/against sb. （for sth.）與某人競爭 Several companies are competing for the contract.We can t compete with them on price.successfuladj. 成功的 success n. 成功 succeed v. 成功；繼任，隨后出現(xiàn)succeed in （doing） sth. 實現(xiàn)

37、目標，有成就He succeeded in getting a place in art school.Who succeeded Kennedy as president?It is time for sth./to do sth. 是到做某事的時候了It is time for lunch./ It is time to go to parecompare A with B 將 A 與 B 作比較We carefully compared the first report with the second pare A to B 將 A 比作 BThe critics compared hi

38、s work to that of Mark Twain。14.It is + adj. (easy/difficult/important/necessary)+(fOSb)MdO sth.事物特征 It is important for us to make everyday plan.It is + adj. (kind/honest/friendly)+(of stfl)卷 idosh人的性格、品質與特點 It is kind of you to help us.15.instead 和 instead of 區(qū)別instead意為汰替”替代”作副詞用，通常位于旬尾.如位于旬首時常用逗

39、號隔開.she didnt answer me. Instead,she asked me another question.instead of 是介賓短語,其意與 instead 相同 ,不同之處在于它后面常接賓語,起賓語多由名詞、代詞、介詞、短語、動詞 + ing 形式充當 .Well ask Li Mei instead of Mary.He asked me another question instead of answering me.16. until 直到 .為止 Let s wait until the rain stops.not.until 直到 .才 We didn

40、t leave until the rain stopped.三、 提建議的句型：What/How about doing sth.? 怎么樣？Why don t you do sth.?=Why not do sth.為什么不呢?Let s do st社我們一起做某事吧。Shall we/I do sth?我們做好嗎？had better do / not do sth.最好做 /不做某事W川/Would you please do sth.?請你做好嗎？Would you like to do sth.? 你想去做某事嗎？Would you mind doing sth.? 你介意做某事嗎

41、？Unit 5一、wait for 等待go off （鬧鐘）發(fā)出響聲wake up 醒來；叫醒fall asleep 進入夢鄉(xiāng)pick up 接電話；獲得 獲得have fun 玩得開心die down 逐漸變弱in a mass 凌亂不堪，亂七八糟turn on/off 打開 /關掉turn up/down 調大 /小聲音 point out 指出 as well 也go away 離開go over 復習tell the truth 說實話in silence 沉默 keep silent 保持沉默 make sure 確保take a shower 淋浴take down 拆除；記錄a

42、t the time of 在的時候make one way to 費力前進（后接地點）miss錯過（后接名詞、代詞、Ving） I missed the train for Shanghai this morning.想念 Sarah missed her friends in her hometown very much.Miss 小姐，女生Miss Li is our English teacher.so做副詞 so+adj./adv. 如此” The movie is so scary.So+adj./adv.+that從何 如此以至于 ”He ran so fast that no

43、one can catch up with him.做連詞 so+從旬所以 ” She got up late yesterday, so she was late for work.so that+從何以便，為了 I fixed the TV so that we can watch it now.pick up接電話 I called my mother yesterday, but she didn t pick up.撿起，拾起The kid picked up a wallet on his way to school.（開車）接某人Tom s parents pick up him

44、 after school every day.學到，獲得Traveling is good for people to pick up local language.also, too, as well, either 區(qū)別also用在肯定旬旬中，實義動詞之前，系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后Catherine can dance, I can also dance.too 用在肯定句句尾，用逗號隔開Catherine can dance. I can dance, too.as well 用在，Catherine can dance. I can dance as well.either 通常

45、放于否定句句尾 Catherine can t dance. I can t either.strange adj. 奇怪的 strangely adv. 奇怪地 stranger n. 陌生人 奇怪的 It is strange that the couple quarrels with each other every day. 陌生的 be strange to 對感到陌生 She is strange to the new school.with+n.+adj./adv. 在句中做伴隨狀語She can see many stars in the dark sky with the w

46、indows open.feel like doing sth.=would like to do sth.=want to do sth. 想要做某事When summer holiday comes, many students feel like traveling around.report v. 報道 reporter n. 記者make/give a report 作報告 weather report 天氣預報It s reported thatJ艮道It s reported that huge damages were caused in thisearthquake.sure

47、make sure 保證，確保Please make sure that you can come here on time.be sure of/about sth.確信，對 有把握 He is sure of success.be sure to do sth.一定（表推測） He is sure to succeed.be sure+ thatM旬確信，一定會 He is sure that he will succeed.work n.工作（不可數(shù)） He always has too much homework to do.著作，作品（可數(shù)，多用復數(shù)） Children are en

48、couraged to read works.工廠（只用復數(shù)形式，但可表示單數(shù)意義） The glass works is near the station.against反對（反義詞是for ） Are you for or against the plan.靠著，頂著（表位置） The teacher s desk is against the wall.We are sailing against the wind.碰，撞，擦Rain beats against the window.asleep/sleeping/sleepyOUasleep 睡著的，作表語fall asleep It

49、 s hard to fall asleep sometimes.sleeping 熟睡的，作定語/表語a sleeping babysleepy 困倦的，想睡的 Tom worked for a long time. He felt sleepy.rise/raiserise-rose 升起，上升（主語自身移向更高位置） Price rose gradually.raise 舉起，提高（主語發(fā)出的動作作用于其他事物）Let s raise our glasses to Tim.the rest of剩余的（做主語時，謂語動詞與其所修飾的名詞保持一致）The rest of meat goes

50、 bad.剩下的肉變質了。The rest of workers are still working hard.take/have a rest 休息hearhear sb. to do sth.聽見某人做某事hear sb. doing sth.聽見某人正在做某事hear about/of 聽說（后接名詞或短語） I have heard about the story before.hear from 收到的來信/消息 She haven t heard from her mother for months.beat 和 win 區(qū)別beat-beat-beat 打?。ㄈ缒橙嘶蚰硞€團隊）I

51、 finally beat her in the match.win-won-won 取得勝利，贏得（如游戲，比賽，戰(zhàn)爭，財產，名譽，獎金Mary won the first place in the competition.She won herself the friendship of her classmates quickly.Beat “打，擊” Who is beating the drum?“（心臟）等跳動” I feel my heart is beating fast.realize 意識到realize+n. She didn t realize her mistakes

52、.Realize+that 從句 She didn t realize that she had made some mistakes.18. silence n. 沉默 silentin silence =silently 沉默地adj.沉默的keep silent 保持沉默過去進行時用法：表示過去某個/某段時間正在發(fā)生的動作He was cooking at six last night. 昨天晚上 6 點他正在做飯。I was staying here from March to June last year.去年 3-6 年我一直待在這。構成：was/were+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞四個基本句型

53、肯定句：主語+was/were+及物動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他He was cooking at six last night.否定句：主語+wasn t/weren及t+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他He was not cooking at six last night.一般疑問句：Was/Were倉語+及物動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他？Was he cooking at six last night? Yes, he was./ No, he wasn t. 特殊疑問旬：What was/were+i語+及物動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他？What was he doing at six last night?常見時間狀語： a

54、t that time=then, at this time yesterday, the whole morning, at nine last night, at the time of.和由.while 引導的時間狀語從句Unit 6:一、as soon as 一.就.a little bit 有點；稍微instead of 代替；反而turn . into 變成once upon a time 從前fall in love with 愛上； 喜歡上 get married 結婚take away 拿走for the first time 首次；第一次come out 出來；出版wake

55、 up 醒來lead sb. to .帶領某人去 work on 從事 （某工作 ）；致力于give up 放棄keep doing sth. 堅持做某事in fact 事實上be interested in sth. 對某事感興趣make a plan 做計劃a good way to do sth故某事的好方法get lost 迷路begin-beganM去式）-begun（ti去分詞） 開始 v.beginning n. at the beginning of 在 .的開始Eg: at the beginning of the New Year 新年伊始begin doing/to do

56、 sth. 開始做某事Eg: Many people begin to study hard at the beginning of the New Year.tell/speak/talk/say 區(qū)別告訴某人用tell,例如：tell sb sth./to do sth. 告訴某人某事/做某事； tell truth/tell a lie 說真話/說謊tell the time 報時； tell stories 講故事tell A from B 區(qū)別 A 和 B會說某種語言用speak例如：speak Chinese/English; speak to sb.與某人交談用 talk, 例如

57、：talk to/with sb. ； talk about/of sth.give a talk 作報告； have a talk 聽報告強調說的內容用say例如：say it in English 用英語說； it is said that 據說 .It is said that he could stay under water for a long time.continue to do sth. = go on to do sth.繼續(xù)做某事（前后不同的事）After finishing his homework, he continued to read English magaz

58、ines. continue doing sth. = go on doing sth18續(xù)做某事（前后同一件事） After taking a rest, he continue doing his homework.4. work on sth.忙于/從事某事 work for sth. 為 .工作 work as. 作為.工作work out 解決，算出He is working on a new project.He works for a foreign company.She worked as an actress when she was young. I worked out

59、 the math problem.remind v. 提醒；使想起= make sb. rememberremind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事That picture reminds Mary of herchildhood.remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事Please remind me to call my fathertoday.remind sb+that 從旬 Passengers are reminded that no smoking is allowed on the train.seem v. 似乎，好像seem to be + adj. 說明主語的特征或狀態(tài)Mr Green seemed to be quiteexcited yesterday.It seems +that 從旬It seems that she will never forgive him again.show v. showed （過去式）-shown （過去分詞）給看；表明；展示on display=on show展覽，展出 talk show 脫口秀show sb. around 帶某人參觀show off 炫耀instead of 代替，反而（介詞）； instea