冠詞語法精講

1、關(guān)于冠詞語法精講第一張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月語法知識冠 詞第二張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月冠詞可分為不定冠詞和定冠詞。1.不定冠詞的用法。（1）用在可數(shù)名詞前表示“一個”。eg. There is a book on the desk.(2) 表示“某一個”A Mr. White is waiting for you downstairs. (3)表示“一類”A horse is a useful animal.(4) a, an 與one的區(qū)別：a和an強調(diào)類別，而one強調(diào)數(shù)量上的區(qū)別。如：We need a doctor.我們需要一名醫(yī)生，強調(diào)的意思是“醫(yī)

2、生”，而不是“教師” “律師”等其他職業(yè)。第三張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月We need one doctor.則強調(diào)：我們只需要一位醫(yī)生，而不是兩位、三位。(5).表示“每”，相當(dāng)于per. We are allowed to drive at fifty miles an hour.(6). 與表示 數(shù)量的詞連用 a bit; a great deal; a few ; a little; a lot of ; a good many; a number of第四張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2.定冠詞the的用法（1）表示文中再次提到的人和物。eg. There

3、 is a book on the desk. The book is an English book.(2)用在介詞短語，分詞短語，或定語從句的名詞前。The man speaking at the meeting is our teacher.the music of the filmThe computer John bought yesterday is made in New York.第五張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(3)表示特指的人或物（即說話時彼此都知道的事物）。 例如：老師要求學(xué)生:Look at the blackboard./Open the door, p

4、lease.表示師生都知道的哪個黑板和門。（4）表示世界上獨一無二的事物。如：the sun, the earth, the moon, the capital, the sky, the universe但在 in nature（在自然界）, in space（在太空）等短語中，nature和space(表示“太空”意思）前通常不用冠詞。第六張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(5)用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示類指。注意以下幾種類指用法的區(qū)別：A horse is a useful animal.The horse is a useful animal.Horses are useful a

5、nimals.不定冠詞接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞意思是任何一個，而定冠詞接單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞則強調(diào)整個類別。例如：虎面臨著滅絕的危險，不能說A tiger is in danger of dying out.而應(yīng)說The tiger is in danger of dying out（強調(diào)全部，整個類別）再比如Do you know who invented the telephone?而不能說Do you know who invented a telephone?第七張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(6)樂器的名稱前通常用定冠詞。eg. the piano, the violin.(7)年代、朝代

6、的詞前通常用定冠詞。eg. In the 1990s, in the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, in the Warring States Period(8)用作名詞的方位詞前通常用定冠詞，用作副詞則不用。n. eg. in/on/to the south/north/east/west of .on the left/rightadv. eg. Vietnam lies on the south of China. Vietnam lies south of China. Turn left.第八張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于202

7、2年6月(9)在表示階級、階層的詞前通常用定冠詞eg. the ruling class, the working people(10)形容詞或分詞前用定冠詞可表示一類人或事物。eg. the rich, the poor, the young, the old, the living, the wounded, the beautiful, (11)姓氏名詞前用定冠詞表示一家人或夫婦兩人eg. the Curies, the Greens, the Smiths(12)表示地理名詞的專有名詞前通常用定冠詞。這樣的名詞有：江、河、海洋、山脈、島嶼、海灣、海峽等。the Yangtze Rive

8、r, the Yellow River, the Alpes, the Philippines, the Persian gulf, the Pacific, the English Channel第九張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(13)序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級前通常用定冠詞。the first, the best注意：*有時在比較級前也須用定冠詞。eg. He is the taller of the two.*有時形容詞的最高級前也可用不定冠詞表示“非常”的意思。eg. Hangzhou is a most beautiful city.序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞表示“再一” “又一”e

9、g : I couldt make a second try.與one, another 并列連用時，用a third.eg:One is deaf, another is blind,and a third is lame.第十張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 (14)在有些國家和民族的形容詞前用定冠詞表示這個國家人的總稱。the English, the French, the Japanese, the Chinese(15).用在人體部位名詞前。 He seized me by the arm.(16). 與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指全體。the masses the Chinese

10、people(17) 用在書報、雜志、經(jīng)典的名詞前：I am reading the China Daily now. The Times is a foreign newspaper.第十一張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3.不用冠詞的情況。（1）在專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞前一般不用冠詞。專有名詞一般指人名、地名等前一般不用冠詞。如：Lei Feng, Marx, Beijing, Shanghai, America等詞前不用冠詞。但在含有普通名詞的專有名詞前通常用定冠詞。如：the United States of America, the Peoples Republic

11、of China等。當(dāng)專有名詞表示某一特定意義時，前可用冠詞 。eg. A Mr.Zhang came to see you just now.He is the Mr. Zhang you are looking for.He is a living Lei Feng.The Shanghai of today is quite different from what it used to be.第十二張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月物質(zhì)名詞如air, water, oil, coal, tea等一般不加冠詞， 但有些物質(zhì)名詞可以個體化表示“一種”“一陣”“一杯”“一份”“一場”等

12、，這時前面可用不定冠詞。eg. Longjing is a famous tea. Id like to have a coffee.a heavy rain一場大雨, a strong wind一陣大風(fēng), a soup一份湯, a big fire一場大火.抽象名詞一般表示抽象的概念，為不可數(shù)。如：news, information, advice, culture, weather, fun等。但也有一些抽象名詞可以個體化表示一種、一場、一番等。第十三張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月eg. He wanted to give me a pleasant surprise.Its

13、a pleasure to talk with him.Its an honour for you to have been sent abroad.The book is a great help to me.a success, a failure, a new culture, a struggle , 第十四張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(2) 學(xué)科、球類、棋類名詞前一般不加冠詞。eg. Maths is an important subject.He likes playing football/chess.(3)一日三餐名稱前一般不用冠詞。have breakfast/

14、lunch/supper/dinner但若指具體的某頓飯，尤其是有形容詞修飾是要用冠詞。a nice dinner(4)季節(jié)、月份、星期前一般不用冠詞。in spring/summer/ autumn./Sunday/October.但若強調(diào)某一年的某一季節(jié)或月份時應(yīng)用冠詞in the spring of that yearI met him on a Monday last month.第十五張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(5)節(jié)日前一般不用冠詞。如：at Christmas, on National Day, Childrens Day, Womens Day等。但在中國的那些

15、傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的名稱前通常用定冠詞。the Spring Festival, the Dragons Day, the Mid-Autumn Day(6)在街道、廣場、公園、大學(xué)等名詞前一般不用冠詞。Nanjing Road, Wangfujing Street, Beihai Park, Qinghua University.但有少數(shù)也加定冠詞。the Peoples Park, the Shanghai International Studies University第十六張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(7).在某些獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中，不用冠詞。He entered the forest,

16、gun in hand.(8)表示人的職務(wù)、官階的名詞在句中做主語補足語、賓語補足語、同位語或表語時前不用冠詞。指獨一無二的職務(wù)前不用冠詞。如，We made him chairman of the students union.He was elected monitor of the class.As judge, he is very strict in his work.第十七張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(9) 表示對應(yīng)關(guān)系的兩個詞若表示一個概念時前不用冠詞。Father and son, husband and wife, teacher and student, to

17、wn and country, enemy and friend.(10).泛指名詞復(fù)數(shù)前不用冠詞They are workers.(11).turn/go作“變”，后面的名詞前不用冠詞。He was a teacher before he turned writer.第十八張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月(12).稱呼語之前不加冠詞: waiter,bring my bill,please.(13) 家庭稱謂 如父母兄弟之前不加冠詞Father is out, but mother is at home.(14)在以 As 或though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,表語名詞位于句首時,不

18、用冠詞. Child as he is , he knows a lot about it. Fool as I was, I didnt believe every word he said.第十九張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月（4）冠詞的慣用法。有些不可數(shù)名詞在習(xí)慣使用中須加不定冠詞。They had a good time at the party.常見的類型有：1）動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞。take a break, have a rest, go for a walk/swim.2）患病have a fever, catch a bad cold, have a headache/

19、toothache/stomachache3) 同源賓語live a.life, die a.death, dream a.dream有些個體名詞表示抽象意義時前不用冠詞.in prison, in hospital, go to church, in town, by hand, by radio, go to college, go to bed, at school, in pencil.第二十張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月有無冠詞的區(qū)別1. in front of 在（外）的前面 in the front of 在（內(nèi)）的前面 Theres a garden in fron

20、t of the classroom. Theres a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 2. in charge of 掌管；負(fù)責(zé) in the charge of 在負(fù)責(zé)之下 An experienced worker is in charge of the project. The project is in the charge of an experienced worker. 第二十一張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. at table 在用飯；吃飯時 at the table 在桌旁 He seldom talks at table. They sat at the table, talking and laughing. 4. by day 白天；日間 by the day 按日計 He works in an office by day. Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day. 第二十二張，PPT共二十六頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月5. take place 發(fā)生；舉行 take the place 代替；接替 When did thi