譯漢第七講英語被動語態(tài)的的翻譯

1、英漢翻譯技巧第七講英語被動語態(tài)的翻譯1 英語中的被動語態(tài)使用極為廣泛，尤其是在科技英語中被動語態(tài)幾乎隨處可見,這是因為： （1）被動結構比主動結構更少主觀色彩，科技論著注重客觀事實，需要這種特性； （2）被動結構更能突出主要特征，說明對象，引人注目； （3）在很多情況下被動結構比主動結構更簡短。 而漢語中的被動結構卻不那么常見，因為從習慣上講，漢語中的“被”、“遭”、“受”、“挨”等字眼總是給人不那么舒服的感覺，因此在英漢翻譯時，往往要盡量將被動語態(tài)化為主動結構。 2Communications satellites are used for international living tran

2、smission throughout the world.譯文：全世界都將通信衛(wèi)星用于國際間的實況轉播 3具體來說，對于英語原文的被動結構，一般可采取下列的方法: 1. 翻譯成漢語的主動句。英語原文的被動結構翻譯成漢語的主動結構又可以進一步分為幾種不同的情況。 英語原文中的主語在譯文中仍做主語。例如: 例1. The old womans body was found at the end of the alley.老婦人的尸體在小巷盡頭發(fā)現(xiàn)了。例2In the move most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distribut

3、ed among friends. 搬家時大部分家具要么留給了鄰居，要么分給了朋友。4(2) 將英語原文中的主語翻譯為賓語，同時增補泛指性的詞語(人們,大家等)作主語。例如: Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and

4、 entertaining. 人們常說，電視使人了解時事，熟悉政治和科學領域的最新發(fā)展變化，并能源源不斷地為觀眾提供各種既有教育意義又有趣的節(jié)目。5另外，下列的結構也可以通過這一手段翻譯: It is asserted that 有人主張；It is believed that 有人認為；It is generally considered that 大家(一般人)認為；It is well known that 大家知道(眾所周知)；It will be said 有人會說；It was told that 有人曾經(jīng)說。6(3) 翻譯成漢語的無主句。例如: 例1. American pris

5、oners are permitted to receive Red Cross food parcels. 允許美國俘虜領取紅十字會的食品包裹。例2.When (it is) seen through a telescope, the sun appears darker near the edge. 用望遠鏡看，太陽接近邊緣的部分顯得略暗。例3.One must admit that a good deal of discontent is reflected in those statistics. 必須承認，這些統(tǒng)計數(shù)字反映了許多不滿情緒。72. 譯成漢語的被動式。英語中的許多被動句可

6、以翻譯成漢語的被動句。常用“被”, “給”, “遭”, “挨”, “為所”, “使”, “由”, “受到”等表示。例如: 例1. His passport was confiscated by the police.他的護照被警方?jīng)]收了。例2. Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 我們隨時都會被出入機場的敵機發(fā)現(xiàn)。例3. The spaceship will be totally controlled by an on-board electronic

7、computer. 這艘宇宙飛船將完全由機載電子計算機控制。8 課堂練習我們看下面一則短文，里面出現(xiàn)了十幾處被動語態(tài)，但是在譯文中都轉化成了主動語態(tài):9As oil is often found in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a c

8、ertain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling i

9、n. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.10由于石油深埋地下，靠研究地面，不能確定有沒有石油。因此對地下巖層結構必須進行地質探測。如果認為某地區(qū)的巖層含石油，則在該處安裝“鉆機”。鉆機中最顯眼的部件叫“井架”。井架用來吊升分節(jié)油管，把油管放入由鉆頭打出的孔中。當孔鉆成后，放入鋼管以防孔壁坍塌。如鉆探到石油，則在油管頂部緊固地加蓋（加蓋并緊固好），讓石油通過一系列（從一個個）閥門流出

10、。11課后作業(yè)1、On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.122、In other words mineral