專四新題型寫作講義

1、精品文檔專四寫作題型簡(jiǎn)介考試項(xiàng)目改革前改革后分值字?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)間分值字?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)間Composition15200352020045Notewriting10506010無此項(xiàng)2.四級(jí)作文考試要求測(cè)試要求:能根據(jù)所給的作文題目、圖表或閱讀材料等，寫一篇200個(gè)單詞左右的作文。能做到內(nèi)容相關(guān)、充分，語言通順，用詞適合，表達(dá)得體?？荚嚂r(shí)間45分鐘。測(cè)試形式：本部分為作答題，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)題目要求作答。本部分為命題作文，文章體裁主要屬于說明文、議論文或記述文的范圍。測(cè)試目的：測(cè)試學(xué)生的基本書面表達(dá)能力。3.怎樣安排45分鐘的考試時(shí)間：步驟時(shí)間安排1.解讀材料10分鐘2.列提綱3分鐘3.寫作文30分鐘4.檢查拼寫和語

2、法錯(cuò)誤2分鐘4.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)年份TEM4作文材料長(zhǎng)度2016年222字2017年251字2018年275字2019年300字評(píng)分品位分?jǐn)?shù)段內(nèi)容闡述能力篇章組織能力語言運(yùn)用能力（6個(gè)等級(jí)）（整體描繪）（10分）(3分)（7分）518-208.5-102.5-36.5-7415-177.5-82-2.55.5-6312-146-71.5-24.5-528-115-5.51-1.53.5-411-71-50.5-11-300000.精品文檔寫作Lesson1:怎樣縮寫1.怎樣對(duì)所給材料提出SUMMARY?第一，字?jǐn)?shù)要求?？s寫的字?jǐn)?shù)不超過原文的三分之一縮寫評(píng)分要求第二，縮寫必須正確表述文摘的主題和中心內(nèi)容

3、第三，縮寫必須全面抓住材料的所有要點(diǎn)2.怎樣抓住材料要點(diǎn)語篇剖析訓(xùn)練材料的主題/話題（topic）是什么：材料的要點(diǎn)是什么？3.專四材料常有種類和常有文章發(fā)展模式：觀點(diǎn)型問題解決型因果剖析型4.summary的寫作框架Step1:引出topic（一句話）Step2:介紹材料觀點(diǎn)（一句話）Step3:歸納要點(diǎn)（2-5句話）常有要點(diǎn)種類：原因、解決辦法、積極/消極影響、5.SUMMARY典范剖析Readcarefullythefollowingexcerptonterm-timeholidayargumentsintheUK,andthenwriteyourresponseInNOLESSTHAN

4、200words,inwhichyoushould:summarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,andthencommentonwhetherparentsshouldtakechildrenoutofschoolforholidayduringtermtimeinordertosavemoneyYoushouldsupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerptMarkswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequal

5、ity.FailuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarksTerm-timeholidayswillbebanned(2016年真題）ParentsaretobebannedbyMichaelGove,UKsEducationSecretary,fromtakingtheirchildrenoutofschooltosavemoneyonholidays.Heistoabolishtherightofheadteacherstoauthoriseabsencefromtheclassroom,whichhasbeenusedto

6、letfamiliestaketerm-timebreaks,andwillwarnthemtheyfacefinesfortheirchildrennotbeingatschool“Anytimeoutofschoolhasthepotentialtodamageachildseducation,aseniorsourceattheDepartmentforEducationsaidthisweekend.Thatiswhythegovernmentwillendthedistinctionbetweenauthorisedandunauthorisedabsence.”“Thisispar

7、tofthegovernmentswidercommitmenttobringdowntruancylevelsinourschools.Therewillalsobestricterpenaltiesforparentsandschools”.ThetoughmeasuresontruancyarepartofawiderattemptbyMr.Govetomakeeducationmoreacademicallyrigorousandtotackleacultureintheeducationalestablishmentwhichhebelieveshasacceptedexcusesf

8、orfailure”.RussellHobby,thegeneralsecretaryoftheNationalAssociationofHeadTeachers,saidthemeasurewoulddiscourageparentsfromtryingtoputpressureonheadstosanctiontermtime.精品文檔holidays.Thehighcostofholidaysoutsideoftermtimeisstillanissuebutultimatelyachildseducationismoreimportantthanaholiday,hesaid.卷一：T

9、erm-timeHolidaysShouldBeBannedWhethertheterm-timeholidaysshouldbebannedhasarousedanheatendiscussionforalongtime.Someinfavorofholdthatthemorepopularterm-timeholidaystheyare,themorebadinfluencechildrenwillhave.However,someagainstitbecausetheythinktaketheirchildrenoutofschoolforholidayduringtermtimecan

10、savemuchmoney.Frommypointofview,Iaminclinedtobantheterm-timeholidays,.評(píng)論:_卷二Term-timeHolidaysShouldBeBannedAsisknowntoall,itpaystoomuchifwegoonholidaysoutsideoftermtime.Asaresult,someparentsareinclinedtotaketheirchildrenoutofschooltosavemoneyonholidays.Recently,ahotdiscussionaboutwhetherterm-timehol

11、idaysshouldbebannedattractsourattention.Intermsofthistopic,MichaelGove,UKSEducationSecretary,isinfavorofit.Asexpertssaid,anytimeoutofschoolwaslikelytodamageachildseducation.Theauthoratativescontendthatparentsshouldbefinedfortheirmistakes.Ontheotherhand,somepeoplethinkthepunishmentisexcessivebutachil

12、dseducationismoreimportantthanaholiday.Frommyperspective,Iholdtheviewthatterm-timeholidaysshouldbebannedforfollowingreasons:評(píng)論:_卷三MyOpinionontheTerm-timeHolidaysThelatestnewsontheterm-timeholidaysrevealsthatparentsaretobebannedfromtakingtheirchildrenawayfromschoolduringterm-time.Thosewhobreakthisnew

13、rulewillfacefinesasaresult.Theregulationwasestablished,accordingtoaseniorsourceattheDepartmentforEducation,mainlybecausethetimeoutofschoolwoulddoharmtochildrenseducationaldevelopmentioned.Healsothattheregulationwasanintegralpartofgovernmentspracticetolowerthetruancylevelsinschools.Thisrigorousmeasur

14、eisbelievedtoresolvetheculturalproblemsintheeducationeventually.Additionally,thegeneralsecretaryoftheNationalAssociationofHeadTeachersconsideredthemeasureusefulasitwouldpreventparentsfromtoomuchpressure.Tothebestofmybelief,itisunwisetobanparentsfromtakingtheirchildrenoutofschoolforholidayinpurposeof

15、savingmoney.Firstly,.評(píng)論:_.精品文檔卷四Ascanbeseenfromtheexcerpt,inUK,thereisafrequentoccurrenceamongparentstotaketheirchildrenoutofschooltoenjoyholidaysduringnormaltermtime.Thisispartlyduetothecostofjourneysincethisbehaviorwillsavethemmoney.However,itcanbesummarizedthatparentsarebannedbyUKSEducationDepart

16、mentfromtakingtheirchildrenoutofacademicstudytogoonholidays.Whatsmore,thosewhoviolatetheregulationswouldbefinedandpunished.評(píng)論:_卷五NewresearchhasshownthatnearlyfouroutoftenparentsintheUKhavetakentheirchildrenoutofschooltogoonholidays.Costisthemainreasongivenbyparentsforsacrificingtheirchildrenseducati

17、on.Parentsaretobebanned,however,byUKSEducationAuthorityfromtakingtheirchildrenoutofschooltogoonholidaysduringtermtime.評(píng)論:_6.真題研析2017年專四作文題目ReadcarefullythefollowingexcerptandthenwriteyourresponseinNOLESSTHAN200words,inwhichyoushouldsummarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,andthencommentonwhetherourbrains

18、willgetlazyinaworldrunbyintelligentmachines.Youcansupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.FailuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarksWithintelligentmachinestodothethinking,willourbrainsgetlazy

19、?Changingtechnologystimulatesthebrainandincreasesintelligence.Butthatmayonlybetrueifthetechnologychallengesus.Inaworldrunbyintelligentmachines,ourlivescouldgetalotsimpler.Wouldthatmakeuslessintelligent?Artificialintelligenceistakingovermanyhumanjobs.Forinstance,planesarebeingflownmuchofthetimebyauto

20、maticpilots.Andthecomplexproblemofcontrollingairtrafficaroundlargemodernairportsisalsoachievedbyartificialintelligencethatoperateswellbeyondthecapabilityofmerehumanairtrafficcontrollers.Artificialintelligenceisembeddedinmanyfeaturesofmodernlifeforthesimplereasonthatintelligentmachinescanalreadyoutpe

21、rformhumans,includingsomeaptitudeswheretherewasoncethoughttobeahumanadvantage,suchasplayingchess,andwritingpoetry,orevennovels.Asmachinesgetsmarter,theywilldomoreofourthinkingforusandmakelifeeasier.Inthefuture,theelectronicassistantwilldeveloptothepointthatitservessimilarfunctionsasareal.精品文檔livingb

22、utler,fulfillingrequestssuchas:OrganizeadinnerpartyforsixonThursdayandinvitetheusualguests”.Atthatpoint,ourlongstrugglewithchallengingtechnologiesisatanend.LikeBertieWooster,wecantakeiteasyknowingthatthehardworkofplanningandorganizingisbeingdonebyabetterbrain-theelectronicassistant.Starvedofmentalef

23、fort,ourbrainswillregress.要點(diǎn)總結(jié)TopicViewpoint(誰的觀點(diǎn)）要點(diǎn)SUMMARY:_2018年專四作文題目Readcarefullythefollowingreport,andthenwriteyourresponseinNOLESSTHAN200words,Inwhichyoushould:1)summarizethemainmessageofthereport,andthen2)commentonthetwopointsmadebyStephenCorry,SurvivalsDirectorYoucansupportyourselfwithinform

24、ationfromthereportMarkswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality,FailuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarksWriteyourresponseonANSWERSHEETTHREE.精品文檔ReportexposesthedarksideofconservationAreportlaunchedbySurvivalInternational-theglobalmovementfo

25、rtribalpeoplerights-revealshowconservationhasledtotheevictionofmillionsoftribalpeoplefromprotectedareas,sinceprotectedareaslikenationalparksshouldgenerallybenogoformiming,agriculture,dams,roadsandpipelines.Survivalsreportshowsthatnearlyallprotectedareasare,orhavebeen,theancestralhomelandsoftribalpeo

26、ples,whohavebeendependenton,andmanagedthemforthousandsofyears.Butinthenameofconservation,tribalpeoplesarebeingillegallydrivenoutfromtheselandsandaccuse“poaching;meanwhile,touristsandfee-payingbiggamehuntersarewelcomedin.BushmanDaugooXukurifromtheCentralKalahariGameReserveinBotswanasaid,Isitandlookar

27、oundthecountry.Wherevertherearebushmen,thereisgame.Why?Becauseweknowhowtotakecareofanimals”.Survivalsreportconcludesthatthecurrentmodelofconservationneedsaradicalshakeup.Conservationmuststicktointernationallaw,protecttribalpeoplesrightstotheirlands,listentothem.andthenbepreparedtobackthemupasmuchast

28、heycan.SurvivalsDirectorStephenCorrysaid,“Millionsarebeingspentbyconservationistseveryyear,andyettheenvironmentsindeepeningcrisis.Itstimetowakeupandrealizethatthereisanotherwayanditsmuch,muchbetter.Firstly,tribalpeoplesrightshavetobeacknowledgedandrespected.Secondly,theyhavetobetreatedasthebestexper

29、tsatdefendingtheirownlands.Conservationistsmustrealizeitsthey,themselves,whoarejuniorpartners”.要點(diǎn)總結(jié)TopicViewpoint(誰的觀點(diǎn)）要點(diǎn)SUMMARY:_.精品文檔_2019年專四作文題目ReadcarefullythefollowingexcerptandthenwriteyourresponseinNOLESSTHAN200WORDS,inwhichyoushould1)summarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,andthen2)commentonBrew

30、ersviewthatparentsshouldjoininwiththeirkidsratherthanlimittheirmediaconsumption,Youcansupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.WriteyourresponseonANS

31、WERSHEETTHREEHowmuchscreentimeistoomuchforkids?Parentshavebeenadvisedtolimitmediaconsumptionoftheirchildren,butresearchsuggestsitsthenatureofitthatmatters.Formanyparentsinthedigitalage,battleswiththeirkidsoverscreentimeanddeviceshavebecomeadepressingpartoffamilylife.Manyparentswillnowberelievedtohea

32、rthatrecentresearchsuggeststhatitsnotsomuchthelength,butthenatureofthescreentimethatmatters.JocelynBrewer,apsychologistwhospecializesintheconceptofdigitalnutritionlikensmediadietstowhatsonourplates:ratherthancountingcalories(orscreentime)thinkaboutwhatyoureeating.ItsnotJustaboutwhetheryouconsumeanyp

33、otentialdigitalJunkfoods,butalsoyourrelationshiptotechnologyandtheroleitplaysinyourfamilylife,saysBrewer.Foryoungchildren,themostimportantthingiswhetherparentsandkidsareplaying,watchingorbrowsingtogether.Astudyof20,000parentspublishedlatelastyearbytheOxfordInternetInstituteandCardiffUniversitydeterm

34、inedthattherewasnocorrelationbetweenlimitingdeviceuseandchildrenswell-being.ThestudysleadauthorDr.AndrewPryzbylskisaid:Ourfindingssuggestthebroaderfamilycontext,howparentssetrulesaboutdigitalscreentime,andiftheyareactivelyengagedinexploringthedigitalworldtogether,aremoreimportantthantherawscreentime

35、.”“Theconsensusisthatscreentime,inandofitself,isnotharmful-andreasonablerestrictionsvarygreatly,dependingonachildsbehaviorandpersonality.Thereislittlepointinworryingabouthowmanyminutesadayyourkidsarespendingwithscreens,saysBrewer.Instead,parentsshouldbedoingwhattheycantoensurethatwhattheyarewatching

36、,playingandreadingishighquality,age-appropriateandsafe-andjoininginwhereverpossible”.要點(diǎn)總結(jié)TopicViewpoint(誰的觀點(diǎn)）.精品文檔要點(diǎn)SUMMARY:_7.模擬訓(xùn)練模擬題一ReadcarefullythefollowingexcerptonHistoricalDebateonAnimalExperimentation,andthenwriteyourresponseinNOLESSTHAN200WORDS,inwhichyoushould1.summarizethemainmessageofthe

37、excerpt,mentonwhetherweshoulduseanimalsforexperimentationpurposeornotYoushouldsupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt。Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.FailuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarksHistoricalDebateonAnimalExperim

38、entationAstheexperimentationonanimalsincreased,especiallythepracticeofvivisection,sodidcriticismandcontroversy.In1655，theadvocateofGalenicphysiologyEdmundOMearasaidthatthemiserabletortureofvivisectionplacesthebodyinanunnaturalstate.OMeara”andothersarguedthatanimalphysiologycouldbeaffectedbypaindurin

39、gvivisection,renderingresultsunreliable.Therewerealsoobjectionsonanethicalbasis,contendingthatthebenefittohumansdidnotjustifytheharmtoanimals.Earlyobjectionstoanimaltestingalsocamefromanotherangle-manypeoplebelievedthatanimalswereinferiortohumansandsodifferentthatresultsfromanimalscouldnotbeappliedt

40、ohumans.Ontheothersideofthedebate,thoseinfavorofanimaltestingheldthatexperimentsonanimalswerenecessarytoadvancemedicalandbiologicalknowledge.ClaudeBernard-whoissometimesknownastheprinceofvivisectorsandthefatherofphysiology,andwhosewife,MarieFrancoiseMartin,foundedthefirstanti-vivisectionsocietyinFra

41、ncein1883-famouslywrotein1865thatthescienceoflifeisasuperbanddazzlinglylightedhallwhichmaybereached.精品文檔onlybypassingthroughalongandghastlykitchen.Arguingthatexperimentsonanimalsareentirelyconclusiveforthetoxicologyandhygieneofman.theeffectsofthesesubstancesarethesameonmanasonanimals,savefordifferen

42、cesindegree,Bernardestablishedanimalexperimentationaspartofthestandardscientificmethod.TopicViewpoint(誰的觀點(diǎn)）要點(diǎn)SUMMARY:_模擬題二Readcarefullythefollowingexcerptonsafetyofgeneticallymodifiedfood,andthenwriteyourresponseinnolessthan200words,inwhichyoushould1.summarizethemainmessageoftheexcerpt,mentonwhetherweshouldadvocategeneticallymodifiedfoodornot.Youshouldsupportyourselfwithinformationfromtheexcerpt.Markswillbeawardedforcontentrelevance,contentsufficiency,organizationandlanguagequality.Failuretofollowtheaboveinstru