循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式

1、關(guān)于循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式第一張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)是物質(zhì)閉環(huán)流動(dòng)型經(jīng)濟(jì)和資源循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的簡稱，其本質(zhì)上是一種可持續(xù)發(fā)展的生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)。他要求按照自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)循環(huán)和能量流動(dòng)規(guī)律重構(gòu)經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)，在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中遵循生態(tài)規(guī)律，將清潔生產(chǎn)、資源綜合利用、生態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)和可持續(xù)消費(fèi)為一體，實(shí)現(xiàn)廢物減量化、資源化和無害化，使經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)和自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)物質(zhì)和諧循環(huán)，維護(hù)自然生態(tài)平衡。A circular economy is an industrial economy that promotes greater resource productivity aiming to reduce wast

2、e and avoid pollution by design or intention, and in which material flows are of two types: biological nutrients, designed to reenter the biosphere safely, and technical nutrients, which are designed to circulate at high quality in the production system without entering the biosphere as well as bein

3、g restorative and regenerative by design. This is contrast to a Linear Economy which is a take, make, dispose model of production.第二張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)與傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的區(qū)別傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)（單一線性流程）：循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)（反饋式流程）：資源開采（Resource exploitation）產(chǎn)品制造(Product manufacturing)物品消耗(Item consumption)廢物污染(Waste pollution)自然界(nature)資源(

4、Resource)產(chǎn)品(Product)廢棄物（Waste）減量化Reduce再利用Reuse再循環(huán)Recycle第三張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月America：Recycling Enterprise Model1Danish：Recycling Industrial Park Model2Germany： Waste Recycling Model3Japan：Recycling-oriented social model4Problems in the Development of Circular Economy in China5Advices6CONTENTS第四張，P

5、PT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月美國循環(huán)型企業(yè)模式（America：Recycling Enterprise Model）是以單個(gè)企業(yè)內(nèi)部物質(zhì)和能源的微觀循環(huán)作為主體的企業(yè)內(nèi)部循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)業(yè)體系，是以清潔生產(chǎn)為導(dǎo)向的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式，通過組織企業(yè)內(nèi)部各工藝之間的物料循環(huán)，延長生產(chǎn)鏈條，減少生產(chǎn)過程中物料和能源的使用量，盡量減少廢棄物和有毒物質(zhì)的排放，提高產(chǎn)品耐用性，最大限度地利用可再生資源。Is a single enterprise ， the micro-cycle of material and energy as the main body of the internal recyclin

6、g economy industrial system ，which is based on cleaner production-oriented circular economy model, through the organization of internal processes between the material circulation, extend the production chain, reduce the input of materials and energy to minimize waste and toxic substances emissions,

7、improve product durability, maximize the use of renewable resources.循環(huán)型企業(yè)模式屬于企業(yè)層面的小循環(huán)范疇。實(shí)質(zhì)是一種對(duì)物料和能源消費(fèi)最少的人類活動(dòng)的規(guī)劃和管理。Recycling enterprise model belongs to the small category of circular economy. Essentially, it is the planning and management of human activities with the least consumption of materials

8、and energy.第五張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Cases：1.杜邦公司：通過企業(yè)各工藝之間的物料循環(huán)，從廢塑料中回收化學(xué)物質(zhì)開發(fā)出用途廣泛的乙烯產(chǎn)品。1997年開始“地毯回收計(jì)劃”每年回收10000頓以上的廢棄地毯，作為再生資源加以回收利用。2.Acushnet橡膠公司：通過工藝改進(jìn)、設(shè)備改造和員工培訓(xùn)，減少了去油污過程中的三氯乙烯的使用量，公司每年可節(jié)約10萬美元。通過將非接觸冷卻水和部分工藝水循環(huán)使用，每年可節(jié)省175萬美元的下水道排水費(fèi)和水費(fèi)第六張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月丹麥循環(huán)工業(yè)園模式（Danish：Recycling Industrial Park

9、 Model）它是根據(jù)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和工業(yè)生態(tài)學(xué)原理設(shè)計(jì)而成的一種新型工業(yè)組織形態(tài)，通過模擬自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)建立產(chǎn)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中“生產(chǎn)者-消費(fèi)者-分解者”的循環(huán)途徑。園區(qū)內(nèi)采用廢物交換、清潔生產(chǎn)等手段把一個(gè)企業(yè)產(chǎn)生的副產(chǎn)品或廢棄物作為另一個(gè)企業(yè)的投入或原料，實(shí)現(xiàn)物質(zhì)閉路循環(huán)和能量的多級(jí)利用，形成相互依存的類似自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的“食物鏈”和“食物網(wǎng)”的產(chǎn)業(yè)系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)物質(zhì)和能量的最大化使用和廢棄物的最小排放。It is based on the theory of circular economy and industrial ecology principles designed a new form of

10、 industrial organization, through the simulation of natural ecosystems to establish the industrial ecosystem producer - consumer -decomposers the recycling path. In the park, by-products or wastes generated by one enterprise are used as input or raw material of another enterprise by means of waste e

11、xchange and clean production, so as to realize the material closed loop and multi-level utilization of energy, forming similar food chain and food web industrial systems, to achieve the maximum use of materials and energy and waste the minimum emissions.循環(huán)工業(yè)園模式屬于區(qū)域?qū)用娴闹醒h(huán)范疇。Recycling industrial park

12、model belongs to the middle category of circular economy.第七張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Cases丹麥卡倫堡生態(tài)工業(yè)園是目前世界上工業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行最為典型的代表。在卡倫堡生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)內(nèi)以四個(gè)企業(yè)為核心：阿斯內(nèi)斯火力發(fā)電廠、斯塔托伊爾煉油廠、濟(jì)普洛克石膏墻板廠以及諾沃諾迪斯克制藥公司。園區(qū)內(nèi)四個(gè)核心廠以及其他小型輔助企業(yè)之間通過貿(mào)易方式利用在生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的廢棄物和副產(chǎn)品，不僅減少了廢棄物的產(chǎn)生量和處理的費(fèi)用，還產(chǎn)生了較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，形成了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境保護(hù)的良性循環(huán)。例：熱能的利用 阿斯內(nèi)斯火力發(fā)電廠發(fā)電過程中產(chǎn)生的熱能煉油

13、廠（40%）制藥廠（全部）為居民提供供暖熱氣供農(nóng)戶魚塘和蔬菜大棚取暖之用能量經(jīng)過使用溫度有所降低能量經(jīng)過使用溫度有所降低第八張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月德國廢棄物回收模式（Germany： Waste Recycling Model）通過廢棄物的再生利用，實(shí)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)過程中和消費(fèi)過程后物質(zhì)和能量的循環(huán)。1.德國的公共回收系統(tǒng)。在德國，循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)成為企業(yè)和公眾心目中義不容辭的社會(huì)責(zé)任。德國人將不同種類可回收利用的垃圾分別用不同顏色的垃圾桶或垃圾袋加以標(biāo)識(shí)區(qū)別。如：藍(lán)色：可回收利用的紙類 棕色：可降解的生物垃圾 黃色：有回收標(biāo)志的各類包裝 黑色：不可回收利用的垃圾玻璃制品、罐頭、廢電池和

14、舊家具都有各自的回收箱和回收站，不可隨意丟棄。Through the recycling of waste ,we can achieve material and energy cycle in the process of consumption and after the consumption.1.German public collection system. In Germany, circular economy has become corporate and public responsibility in the community. The Germans use dif

15、ferent color bucket to collect different types of recyclable garbage. e.g:Blue: Recyclable paper Brown: Biodegradable waste Yellow: All kinds of packaging with recycling logo Black: Non-recyclable wasteGlass products, cans, waste batteries and old furniture have their own recycling bins and recyclin

16、g stations, can not be arbitrarily discarded.第九張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2.德國的包裝物雙元回收體系（DSD）。也被稱為綠點(diǎn)公司，總部位于科隆，是一個(gè)專門的對(duì)包裝廢棄物進(jìn)行回收利用的非盈利性的社會(huì)中介組織。DSD的中介性主要表現(xiàn)在它本身不是垃圾處理企業(yè)，而是一個(gè)平行于公共回收系統(tǒng)的非政府回收組織，因而又被稱作是第二回收系統(tǒng)。它將企業(yè)委托需要回收的包裝廢棄物上打上“綠點(diǎn)”標(biāo)記，然后由DSD委托回收企業(yè)進(jìn)行處理?！熬G點(diǎn)”計(jì)劃實(shí)行的原則是：誰產(chǎn)生垃圾誰就要為此付出代價(jià)。企業(yè)交納的”綠點(diǎn)“費(fèi)，由DSD用來收集包裝垃圾，然后進(jìn)行清理、分揀和循

17、環(huán)再生利用。“綠點(diǎn)系統(tǒng)”的有效實(shí)施，使得玻璃的再生利用率達(dá)到90%，紙包裝物的再生利用率60%等等。2. The German packaging dual recovery system (DSD). Also known as Green Point, is headquartered in Cologne, is a specialized recycling of packaging waste for the non-profit social intermediary organizations. DSD intermediary mainly in its own not a g

18、arbage disposal enterprises, but a parallel to the public recovery system , which is also known as the second recovery system. It will be commissioned by the enterprises which need to recycle the packaging waste, to mark green dot in the package, and then DSD will entrust recycling companies for dis

19、posing. Green Point program to implement the principle is: who produces garbage who will pay the price. The Green Point fee paid by the enterprise is used by the DSD to collect the packaging waste and then to clean, sort and recycle.Green Point System effective implementation, making the glass recyc

20、ling rate of 90%, paper packaging recycling rate of 60% and so on.廢棄物回收模式，屬于社會(huì)層面的大循環(huán)范疇。 Waste Recycling Model belongs to the social level of circular economy第十張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月日本循環(huán)型社會(huì)模式（Japan：Recycling-oriented social model）“循環(huán)型社會(huì)”是指通過抑制廢棄物的產(chǎn)生、將排放的廢棄物等作為資源加以循環(huán)利用以及確保進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)奶幚恚赃_(dá)到抑制對(duì)天然資源的消費(fèi)，最大限度地降低環(huán)境

21、負(fù)荷。日本循環(huán)型社會(huì)模式的發(fā)展內(nèi)容可以概括為三個(gè)方面：1.發(fā)展“靜脈”產(chǎn)業(yè)，即廢棄物回收再利用產(chǎn)業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)化；2.發(fā)展環(huán)境友好型企業(yè)，實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)綠色化；3.“靜脈”產(chǎn)業(yè)和“動(dòng)脈”產(chǎn)業(yè)相結(jié)合，實(shí)現(xiàn)物質(zhì)的循環(huán)流動(dòng)，建設(shè)循環(huán)型社會(huì)。Recycling society means minimizing the environmental burden by suppressing the generation of waste, recycling the discharged waste as a resource, and ensuring proper disposal to minimiz

22、e consumption of natural resources.Japans recycling-oriented social model of development can be summarized in three aspects:1. Development of vein industry, namely waste recycling industry, to achieve environmental protection industry;2. The development of environment-friendly enterprises, to achiev

23、e industry green;3. Vein industry and artery industry combined to achieve the material circulation, building a recycling-oriented society.循環(huán)型社會(huì)模式，屬于社會(huì)層面的大循環(huán)范疇。日本以其完備的立法和嚴(yán)格的執(zhí)法作為推進(jìn)循環(huán)型社會(huì)建設(shè)的根本保證。 Recycling-oriented social model belongs to the social level of circular economy.Japan with its complete legi

24、slation and strict law enforcement as a fundamental guarantee to promote the construction of recycling-oriented society.第十一張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月靜脈產(chǎn)業(yè)是指回收、利用生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)活動(dòng)中產(chǎn)生的廢棄物（二次資源）生產(chǎn)再生資源的產(chǎn)業(yè)。The vein industry refers to the industry that reclaims and utilizes the waste (secondary resources) generated from p

25、roduction and consumption to produce renewable resources.動(dòng)脈產(chǎn)業(yè)是指開采自然資源（一次資源）、利用自然資源生產(chǎn)制造的產(chǎn)業(yè)。Arterial industry refers to the exploitation of natural resources (a resource), the use of natural resources to manufacturing industrial product.第十二張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月我國循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展存在的問題（Problems in the Development

26、of Circular Economy in China）1.循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的適用范圍有限我國的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)主要集中在企業(yè)層面和生態(tài)工業(yè)園層面，社會(huì)層面的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式才剛剛開始，尚未形成規(guī)模。2.循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的適用產(chǎn)業(yè)有限我國的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)主要集中于第二產(chǎn)業(yè)，尤其是化工工業(yè)和重工業(yè)，對(duì)一、三產(chǎn)業(yè)的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)關(guān)注明顯不夠。3.循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)利用的資源有限我國循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)主要集中于水、能源、可直接變現(xiàn)和再利用的廢棄物的回收利用，且再利用率較低。對(duì)生活垃圾、包裝廢棄物等可回收利用的廢棄物還沒有形成分類回收體系，資源浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象依然嚴(yán)重。1. The scope of application of circular economy i

27、s limitedChinas circular economy is mainly concentrated in the enterprise level and eco-industrial park level, the social level of circular economy model has just begun, not yet formed.2. Circular economy applicable industry is limitedChinas circular economy is mainly concentrated in the secondary i

28、ndustry, especially the chemical industry and heavy industry, the primary and tertiary industries of circular economy was not enough attention.3. The use of circular economy resources are limitedChinas circular economy is mainly focused on water, energy, can be directly realized and re-use of waste

29、recycling, and low recycling rate. Waste recycling of household garbage, packaging waste has not yet formed a classification recovery system, waste of resources is still serious.第十三張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月建議(Advices)工業(yè)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式：(1)循環(huán)型企業(yè)模式（2）特色生態(tài)工業(yè)園模式農(nóng)業(yè)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式：（1）“農(nóng)-林-牧-魚”型循環(huán)生產(chǎn)模式（2）“經(jīng)濟(jì)-環(huán)境-資源”型循環(huán)生產(chǎn)模式（主要是指以沼氣為

30、紐帶的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式）社會(huì)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式：（1）建立廢棄物回收體系（2）虛擬型產(chǎn)業(yè)共生模式Industrial recycling economy model:(1) recycling business model(2) characteristics of eco-industrial park modelAgricultural circular economy model:(1) agricultural - forest - animal husbandry - fish type of cycle production mode(2) economic - environment -

31、resource type of circular production model (mainly refers to the methane as a link to the circular economy model)Social cycle economic model:(1) the establishment of waste recycling system(2) virtual industry symbiosis model第十四張，PPT共十七頁，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月主要指“三沼”再利用：將農(nóng)作物的秸稈、人畜禽糞便等經(jīng)過加工處理，有機(jī)厭氧化，微生物分解轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)生的沼氣、沼液、沼渣進(jìn)行再利用。沼氣：可以做能源用于生產(chǎn)生活沼液：作葉面噴灑液和蔬菜培養(yǎng)液沼渣：肥料、食用菌的營養(yǎng)基、養(yǎng)殖蚯蚓的飼料等Mainly refers to the three marsh re-use:Biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue which are produced through organic anaerobic digestion，microbial decomposition and transformation of crop straw,