全新版大學(xué)英語4課文及翻譯

1、They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case ofboth Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russias icy defender was to prove them wrong.人道是驕兵必敗。就拿拿破侖和希特勒兩人來說吧，他們所向披靡，便以為自己戰(zhàn)無不勝，不可阻擋。但俄羅斯的冰雪衛(wèi)士證

2、明他們錯了。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 0. HYPERLINK :/ /Course/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integrated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB,The Icy Defender The Icy DefenderNila B. SmithR T 1. In 1812, HYPERLINK :/ /Course/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integrated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB, Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor o

3、f the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow the raw

4、, bitter, bleak Russian winter.冰雪衛(wèi)士奈拉B史密斯1812年，法國皇帝拿破侖波拿巴率大軍入侵俄羅斯。他準(zhǔn)備好俄羅斯人民會為保衛(wèi)祖國而奮勇抵抗，他也準(zhǔn)備好在俄羅斯廣袤的國土上要經(jīng)過長途跋涉才能進(jìn)軍首都莫斯科，但他卻沒有料到在莫斯科他會遭遇勁敵俄羅斯陰冷凄苦的寒冬。 保存筆記 關(guān)閉 1.R T 2. In 1941, HYPERLINK :/ /Course/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integrated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB,Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler, leader of Naz

5、i Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called. Hitlers military might was unequaled. His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe. Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson. The Russian winter again

6、came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers.1941年，納粹德國元首阿道夫希特勒進(jìn)攻當(dāng)時被稱作蘇聯(lián)的俄羅斯。希特勒的軍事實力堪稱無敵，他的戰(zhàn)爭機(jī)器掃除了歐洲絕大部分地區(qū)的抵抗。希特勒希望速戰(zhàn)速決，但是，就像在他之前的拿破侖一樣，他得到的是痛苦的教訓(xùn)。仍是俄羅斯的冬天助了蘇維埃士兵一臂之力。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 2.R T 3. Napoleons CampaignIn the spring of 1812, Napoleon assembled an army of six hundred thousand men on the borders of Russia.

7、 The soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped. This military force was called the Grand Army. Napoleon, confident of a quick victory, predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks.拿破侖發(fā)起的戰(zhàn)役1812年春，拿破侖在俄國邊境屯兵60萬。這些士兵受過良好訓(xùn)練，作戰(zhàn)力強(qiáng)，裝備精良。這支軍隊被稱為大軍。拿破侖對馬到成功充滿自信，預(yù)言要在5個星期內(nèi)攻下俄國。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 3.R T 4.

8、 Shortly afterwards, Napoleons army crossed the Neman River into Russia. The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. To his surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. The Grand Army followed,

9、 but its advance march soon became bogged down by slow-moving supply lines.不久，拿破侖的大軍渡過涅曼河進(jìn)入俄國。拿破侖期盼著的速決速勝卻遲遲沒有發(fā)生。令他吃驚的是，俄國人并不奮起抵抗。相反，他們一路東撤，沿途焚毀莊稼和民居。大軍緊追不舍，但它的長驅(qū)直入很快由于糧草運(yùn)輸緩慢而停頓下來。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 4.R T 5. In August, the French and Russian armies engaged at Smolensk, in a battle that left over ten thousand d

10、ead on each side. Yet, the Russians were again able to retreat farther into Russian territory. Napoleon had won no decisive victory. He was now faced with a crucial decision. Should he continue to pursue the Russian army? Or should he keep his army in Smolensk for the approaching winter?到了8月，法俄兩軍在斯摩

11、棱斯克交戰(zhàn)，這一戰(zhàn)役中，雙方各有上萬人陣亡?？墒牵韲巳阅茉谧约旱膰辽侠^續(xù)后撤，拿破侖未能取得決定性的勝利。此刻他面臨著一個重要抉擇：是繼續(xù)追擊俄國軍隊，還是把軍隊駐扎在斯摩棱斯克，在那兒度過將到的冬天？保存筆記 關(guān)閉 5.R T 6. Napoleon took the gamble ofpressing on to Moscow, 448 kilometers away. On September 7, 1812, the French and Russian armies met in fierce battle at Borodino, 112 kilometers west of

12、 Moscow. By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four thousand Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefield.拿破侖孤注一擲，決定向遠(yuǎn)在448公里之外的莫斯科進(jìn)發(fā)。1812年9月7日，法俄兩軍在莫斯科以西112公里外的鮑羅季諾激戰(zhàn)。夜幕降臨時，3萬名法國士兵以及4萬4千名俄國士兵或傷或亡，倒在了戰(zhàn)場上。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 6.R T 7. Again, the Russian army retreated to safety. Napoleon had a clear pa

13、th to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory. The Russians fled their capital. Soon after the French arrived, a raging fire destroyed two-thirds of the city. Napoleon offered a truce to Alexander I, but the Russian czar knew he could bide his time: We shall let the Russian wi

14、nter fight the war for us.俄國軍隊再次撤往安全之處。拿破侖順利進(jìn)入莫斯科，然而，對該市的占領(lǐng)成為毫無意義的勝利。俄國人棄城而走。法國人進(jìn)城不久，一場熊熊大火將整個城市燒毀了三分之二。拿破侖向亞歷山大一世提出停戰(zhàn)，但沙皇深知他可以等待時機(jī)：“且讓俄羅斯的嚴(yán)冬為我們戰(zhàn)斗吧?！北４婀P記 關(guān)閉 7.R T 8. Napoleon soon realized he could not feed, clothe, and quarter his army in Moscow during the winter. In October 1812, he ordered his Gr

15、and Army to retreat from Moscow.拿破侖很快意識到，他無法在冬天向遠(yuǎn)在莫斯科的軍隊供應(yīng)糧草、提供御寒衣物和宿營之地。1812年10月，他命令大軍撤出莫斯科。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 8.R T 9. The French retreat turned into a nightmare. From fields and forests, the Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French. A short distance from Moscow, the temperature had already droppe

16、d to minus 4 degrees Celsius. On November 3, the winters first snow came. Exhausted horses fell dead in their tracks. Cannon became stuck in the snow. Equipment had to be burned for fuel. Soldiers took ill and froze to death. The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.法軍的撤離成為一

17、場噩夢。俄國人出沒于田野與森林，采用打了就跑的戰(zhàn)術(shù)，向法國人發(fā)起攻擊。剛出莫斯科城，氣溫就降到攝氏零下4度。11月3日降下初雪。困乏的馬匹倒地而死，大炮陷入雪中，裝備只得被用作燃料焚燒，士兵們?nèi)静鏊馈７▏勘现_步行進(jìn)，一路上留下無數(shù)死尸。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 9.R T 10. As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. At the Berezina River, the Russians nearly trapped the re

18、treating French by burning the bridges over the swollen river. But Napoleon, by a stroke of luck, was able to build two new bridges. Thousands of French soldiers escaped, but at the cost of fifty thousand dead. Once across the Berezina, the tattered survivors limped toward Vilna.正當(dāng)俄羅斯軍隊集聚兵力之時，法國人卻不得

19、不逃離俄國，以避免注定的失敗。在別列津納河，俄國人焚燒了漲水的河道上的橋梁，差點(diǎn)將后撤的法軍困于河邊。僥幸的是，拿破侖居然突擊造起兩座橋。成千上萬法國士兵得以逃脫，但卻損失了5萬人。渡過別列津納河，潰不成軍的幸存者一瘸一拐地向維爾紐斯行進(jìn)。10.R T 11. Of the six hundred thousand soldiers Napoleon had led into Russia, less than one hundred thousand came back. The weakened French army continued its retreat westward acro

20、ss Europe. Soon, Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia formed a powerful alliance and attacked these stragglers. In March 1814, Paris was captured. Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.拿破侖發(fā)兵60萬進(jìn)入俄國，只有不到10萬士兵返回。元?dú)獯髠姆▏婈犜跉W洲繼續(xù)西撤。不久，英國、奧地利、俄國以及普魯士組成強(qiáng)大的聯(lián)盟，攻擊這些散兵游勇。1814年3月，巴黎被占，拿破

21、侖退位去過流放生活，他締造的帝國隨之滅亡。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 11.R T 12. Hitlers InvasionBy early 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, had seized control of most of Europe. To the east of Hitlers German empire was the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, without a declaration of war, Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union t

22、hat was the largest military land campaign in history. Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected the campaign to last no longer than three months. He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or lightning war, tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. The invasion had three broad thrusts: against Lenin

23、grad and Moscow and through the Ukraine.希特勒的入侵到1941年初，納粹德國元首阿道夫希特勒已經(jīng)控制了歐洲大部分地區(qū)。希特勒的德意志帝國的東部與蘇聯(lián)毗鄰。1941年6月22日，希特勒不宣而戰(zhàn)，入侵蘇聯(lián)，發(fā)動了歷史上規(guī)模最大的一場陸地戰(zhàn)役。希特勒自信能速戰(zhàn)速決，預(yù)計這一戰(zhàn)役不會超過3個月。他計劃采用征服了歐洲其余地區(qū)的閃電式戰(zhàn)略。入侵計劃包含三大目標(biāo)：向列寧格勒與莫斯科進(jìn)攻，并橫掃烏克蘭。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 12.R T 13. Caught off guard by the invasion, Soviet leader HYPERLINK :/ /Cour

24、se/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integrated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB,Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin instructed the Russian people to scorch the earth in front of the German invaders. Farms and factories were burned, destroyed, or rendered useless. During the first ten weeks of the invasion, the Germans

25、pushed the front eastward, and the Russians suffered more than a million casualties.蘇聯(lián)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人約瑟夫斯大林被打了個措手不及，他指示全國人民在德國入侵者到來之前實行“焦土”政策。農(nóng)場和工廠被焚燒毀壞，或被弄得無法運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。在入侵的最初10個星期內(nèi)，德國人一路東進(jìn)，俄國人傷亡人數(shù)多達(dá)一百多萬。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 13.R T 14. In the north, the Germans closed in on HYPERLINK :/ /Course/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integ

26、rated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB,Leningrad Leningrad. Despite great suffering, however, the people of Leningrad refused to surrender. As the battle of Leningrad dragged on into winter, the citys situation became desperate. As food ran out, people died from hunger and disease. By the middle of the winter

27、 of 19411942, nearly four thousand people starved to death every day. Close to one million people died as a result of the siege.在北方，德國人包圍了列寧格勒。盡管忍受著極大困苦，列寧格勒的人民絕不投降。列寧格勒保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)一直持續(xù)到冬季，此時該市的處境變得危急。由于食品匱乏，人們因饑餓與疾病死去。1941年到1942年之間的嚴(yán)冬時節(jié)，幾乎每天有4千人餓死；列寧格勒之圍造成近百萬人死亡。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 14.R T 15. In the center of Russia, H

28、itlers goal was the capture of Moscow. Because the Germans had anticipated a quick victory, they had made no plans for winter supplies. October arrived with heavy rains. General Mud slowed down the movement of the Germans lightning attack.在俄國中部，希特勒的目標(biāo)是占領(lǐng)莫斯科。由于德國人指望速戰(zhàn)速決，他們沒有準(zhǔn)備過冬的補(bǔ)給。10月來臨，大雨不停，“泥濘將軍”拖

29、延了德國人閃電式進(jìn)攻的行動。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 15.R T 16. As Hitlers armies drew closer and closer to Moscow, an early, severe winter settled over the Soviet Union, the harshest in years. Temperatures dropped to minus 48 degrees Celsius. Heavy snows fell. The German soldiers, completely unprepared for the Russian winter, fr

30、oze in their light summer uniforms. The German tanks lay buried in the heavy snowbanks. The Russian winter brought the German offensive to a halt.正當(dāng)希特勒的軍隊逼近莫斯科時，寒冷的冬季早早地降臨蘇聯(lián)，而且是多年不遇的嚴(yán)寒。氣溫降到攝氏零下48度，大雪紛飛。對俄國的嚴(yán)寒冬季毫無思想準(zhǔn)備的德國士兵身著單薄的夏裝，一個個被凍傷，德國人的坦克掩埋在深深的雪堆中。俄羅斯的冬季阻止了德國人的攻勢。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 16.R T 17. By the summer

31、 of 1942, Hitler had launched two new offensives. In the south, the Germans captured Sevastopol. Hitler then pushed east to Stalingrad, a great industrial city that stretched for 48 kilometers along the Volga River. Despite great suffering, Soviet defenders refused to give up Stalingrad.到1942夏天，希特勒又

32、發(fā)起兩場新的攻勢。在南方，德國人占領(lǐng)了塞瓦斯托波爾。希特勒隨后向東推進(jìn)到沿伏爾加河綿延48公里的大工業(yè)城市斯大林格勒。盡管艱苦，但蘇聯(lián)抵抗者拒絕放棄斯大林格勒。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 17.R T 18. In November 1942, the Russians launched a counterattack. With little or no shelter from the winter cold in and around Stalingrad, German troops were further weakened by a lack of food and supplies.Not

33、until January 1943 did the Germans give up their siege. Of the three hundred thousand Germans attacking Stalingrad, only ninety thousand starving soldiers were left. The loss of the battle for Stalingrad finally turned the tide against Hitler. The German victories were over, thanks in part to the Ru

34、ssian winter.1942年11月，俄國人發(fā)起了一場反攻。德國軍隊在斯大林格勒城內(nèi)外幾乎沒有擋風(fēng)避寒的地方，食品和補(bǔ)給的匱乏更使其元?dú)獯髠?。直?943年1月德國人才放棄圍城，進(jìn)攻斯大林格勒的30萬德國人只剩下9萬忍饑挨餓的士兵。斯大林格勒一戰(zhàn)的失利最終使希特勒走向窮途末路。部分地由于俄羅斯的冬季，德國人走向失敗了。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 18.R T 19. During 1943 and 1944, the Soviet armies pushed the German front back toward the west. In the north, the Red Army broke

35、 the three-year HYPERLINK :/ /Course/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integrated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB,siege of Leningrad siege of Leningrad with a surprise attack on January 15, 1944. Within two weeks, the heroic survivors of Leningrad saw their invaders depart. By March 1944, the Ukraine farming re

36、gion was again in Soviet hands. On May 9, 1944, Sevastopol was liberated from the Germans. The Russians were now heading for Berlin.在1943年與1944年期間，蘇聯(lián)軍隊將德軍陣線往西逼退。在北方，1944年1月15日，紅軍發(fā)起突然襲擊，解除了列寧格勒長達(dá)3年之久的圍困。列寧格勒那些英勇無畏的幸存者看著入侵者在兩個星期內(nèi)全部撤離。到了1944年3月，烏克蘭的農(nóng)村又回到了蘇維埃手中。1944年5月9日，塞瓦斯托波爾從德國人手中被解放出來。至此，俄國人開始向柏林進(jìn)發(fā)。

37、保存筆記 關(guān)閉 19.R T 20. For Hitler, the invasion of the Soviet Union had turned into a military disaster. For the Russian people, it brought unspeakable suffering. The total Soviet dead in HYPERLINK :/ /Course/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integrated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB,World War II World War II reac

38、hed almost 23 million.就希特勒而言，入侵蘇聯(lián)成為一場軍事災(zāi)難。對俄羅斯人民來說，這場入侵帶來了無法形容的苦難，蘇維埃在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中死亡的人數(shù)幾乎達(dá)到2千3百萬。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 20.R T 21. Russias Icy DefenderThe elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign. Napoleon and Hitler both underestimated the severity of the Russian winter. Snow, ice, and freezi

39、ng temperatures took their toll on both invading armies. For the Russian people, the winter was an icy defender.俄羅斯的冰雪衛(wèi)士任何軍事行動都必須考慮到自然的因素。拿破侖和希特勒都低估了俄羅斯冬季的嚴(yán)酷。冰雪和極低的氣溫使兩支侵略軍付出了慘重的代價。對俄羅斯人民而言，嚴(yán)冬是他們的冰雪衛(wèi)士。Would nature be on the side of the Allied forces as they prepared to invade mainland Europe or woul

40、d it favour the Germans? No one was certain.大自然會站在秣馬厲兵準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)攻歐洲大陸的同盟國一方，還是會偏袒德國人？誰也說不準(zhǔn)。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 0.The Normandy Landings HYPERLINK :/ /Course/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integrated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB,Anthony Ward Anthony WardR T 1. The largest and most ambitious military expedition in history was

41、the invasion of HYPERLINK :/ /Course/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integrated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB,Normandy Normandy in northern France by British, American and Canadian forces that took place in the summer of 1944. Even nature played a role.諾曼底登陸安東尼沃德有史以來規(guī)模最大、最具雄心的軍事行動是1944年夏天英國、美國和加拿大聯(lián)合部隊進(jìn)攻法國北方

42、的諾曼底。在這一戰(zhàn)事中自然力量也起了重要作用。 保存筆記 關(guān)閉 1.R T 2. It took more than a year for military planners to orchestrate every movement of troops, artillery, ships and aircraft and to set everything in place for the move that was to open up a second front in Europe.This would liberate France and open the way for the

43、final assault on Germany itself.軍事家運(yùn)籌帷幄，用了一年多的時間部署軍隊、大炮、船只和飛機(jī)，為這一行動作了周密安排，以便在歐洲開辟第二戰(zhàn)線。這樣就能解放法國，也為最終攻擊德國本土打開通路。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 2.R T 3. Everything was controlled; right down to the placement of military decoys across the English Channel to fool the Germans into thinking the attack would come from Britains cl

44、osest point to France at HYPERLINK :/ /Course/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integrated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB,Pas de Calais Pas de Calais rather than in Normandy as planned.一切就緒，英吉利海峽上甚至還設(shè)下疑兵迷惑德國人，使他們相信將在英法最接近處的加來海峽發(fā)起攻擊，而不是在計劃中的諾曼底。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 3.R T 4. Everything was controlled, that is, except the wea

45、ther.一切就緒，只看天氣。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 4.R T 5. D-Day, the code name given to the day of invasion, was originally scheduled for 5 June 1944. This date had been arrived at by considering two factors moonlight and tide. The hour of the invasion would need to be near sunrise, when the seaborne troops would have a risi

46、ng tide. This would enable them to land close to the obstacles that had been placed to hinder their landing without coming ashore on top of them. The paratroopers needed a full moon for visibility. The days with the proper tide-moonlight formula closest to the target date were 5, 6 and 7 June. The f

47、ifth was chosen for D-Day to allow a safety margin in case the attack needed to be postponed. 代號為D日的進(jìn)攻開始日最初定在1944年6月5日。選定這一天考慮了兩個因素月光與潮汐。進(jìn)攻必須在接近日出之時進(jìn)行，其時乘船渡海的部隊能遇到一次漲潮。他們就能借助上漲的海水在靠近專為阻礙登陸而設(shè)的軍事障礙附近登陸，而不必踩過這些障礙走上岸去。空降兵需要滿月提高能見度。月光潮汐都適合這一方案的、距預(yù)定進(jìn)攻日最近的日期是6月5、6、7日三天。6月5日被選定為進(jìn)攻開始日，其用意是留下一個安全系數(shù)，以防萬一進(jìn)攻需要推遲

48、。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 5.R T 6. In addition to moonlight and favourable tides, calm seas were needed for the crossing. But an unusually stormy transition from spring toward summer that year held out little hope that there would be a suitable break in the weather. It also meant the possibility that Operation Overl

49、ord, as the invasion was called, might have to be postponed until later in the year or even the following year.除了月光和有利的海潮，渡海還需要海上風(fēng)平浪靜。然而，當(dāng)年春夏之交大風(fēng)暴異乎尋常地多，想天氣在這個當(dāng)兒出現(xiàn)一個適合進(jìn)攻的風(fēng)平浪靜的間隙，希望微乎其微。這也意味著被稱作巨頭行動的登陸計劃可能不得不推遲到下半年，甚至來年。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 6.R T 7. With the arrival of 5 June, the weather was so bad that HYPERLIN

50、K :/ /Course/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integrated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB,General Eisenhower General Eisenhower, supreme commander of the invasion forces, was forced to postpone the invasion by one day. When he met with his staff to review their options, they were faced with the grim reality tha

51、t 6 June did not look much better than the original D-Day. The meteorological report gave a thin ray of hope that a lull in the storm would allow enough time to launch the invasion. Consultations went on late into the night on whether to press ahead. Opinions were divided. Finally, Eisenhower made h

52、is decision. I am quite positive we must give the order, he said. I dont like it, but there it is. I dont see how we can do anything else. Within hours, an armada of 3,000 landing craft, 2,500 other ships, and 500 naval vessels began to leave English ports.6月5日到了，氣候如此惡劣，進(jìn)攻部隊最高統(tǒng)帥艾森豪威爾將軍被迫將進(jìn)攻推遲了一天。當(dāng)他與

53、參謀人員討論供選擇的日子時，面臨著一個嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實，即看不出6月6日的天氣比原定的進(jìn)攻開始日有多大好轉(zhuǎn)。氣象預(yù)報顯示，風(fēng)浪有一丁點(diǎn)兒可能稍稍停息的希望，從而能爭取到足夠的時間發(fā)起進(jìn)攻。關(guān)于是否行動的討論持續(xù)到深夜。與會者意見不一。最后，艾森豪威爾做出了決定?！拔蚁嘈盼覀儽仨毎l(fā)布命令，”他說，“我不想這么做，但只能這樣。我看此外我們別無選擇?！睌?shù)小時之內(nèi)，由3,000艘登陸艇、2,500艘其他船只，以及500艘軍艦組成的艦隊從英格蘭各處港口啟航。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 7.R T 8. Meanwhile, critical errors by the German side allowed them t

54、o be taken completely by surprise. Due to the bad weather, the German navy cancelled its usual patrol of the English Channel. Also, a practice drill scheduled for June 6 was called off. The German meteorological services were unaware of the break in the weather. On the eve of the attack, many of the

55、 top German leaders were absent from their commands. HYPERLINK :/ /Course/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integrated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB,Rommel Rommel, the general in charge of the coastal defences, was in Germany visiting his wife on her birthday, and several officers were some distance away in H

56、YPERLINK :/ /Course/College_English_NEW_SecEdition_Integrated_4/Unit_01/Course/funcB,Rennes Rennes or on their way there for a war-game exercise.與此同時，德軍一系列重大失誤使他們被打得措手不及。由于氣候惡劣，德國海軍取消了英吉利海峽的例行巡航。原定于6月6日舉行的一次演習(xí)也被取消。德國氣象部門沒有預(yù)料到天氣會突然變化。進(jìn)攻前夜，許多德國高層人物都離開了他們的指揮部。負(fù)責(zé)海防的隆美爾將軍在德國探望妻子，慶祝她的生日；有幾位軍官遠(yuǎn)在雷恩，或在前往雷恩的路

57、上，去參加在那里舉行的一次軍事演習(xí)。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 8.R T 9. The assault on Normandy began at 12:15 a.m., when the pathfinders for the American airborne units left their planes and parachuted to earth. Five minutes later, on the other side of the invasion area, the British pathfinders made their jump. The pathfinders were sp

58、ecially trained to find and mark the drop zones. The main airborne assault was to commence within the hour.進(jìn)攻諾曼底在午夜12:15分發(fā)起，美國空降部隊的傘降信號員跳下飛機(jī)開始傘降。5分鐘之后，在登陸區(qū)域的另一側(cè)，英國傘降信號員也開始跳傘。這些傘降信號員都經(jīng)過特別訓(xùn)練，擅長尋找、標(biāo)識著落區(qū)域。大規(guī)模的空降行動1小時內(nèi)全面展開。保存筆記 關(guān)閉 9.R T 10. The airborne attack became confused because of stiff winds and t

59、he evasive flying of the transport planes when they encountered anti-aircraft fire. As a result, the paratroopers were scattered over a wide area and most missed their drop zones, some by as much as 20 miles. Other complications were caused by the terrain, and the worst terrain was on the Cotentin P

60、eninsula. The Germans had laced the open fields with anti-personnel and glider stakes and flooded the low areas. The flooding caused the most trouble for the Americans of the 101st and 82nd Airborne divisions, with many of the troops drowned, laden down by their heavy equipment. 由于風(fēng)力強(qiáng)勁，也由于運(yùn)輸機(jī)遭遇高射炮轟擊