各大時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)專題培訓(xùn)課件

1、各大時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)The Passive Voice被動(dòng)語態(tài)基本用法當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，謂語的形式是主動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，謂語要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由助動(dòng)詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時(shí)態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。一、運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情景1. 講話者不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 (這時(shí)可省 by 短語)。 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的承受者。 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 為了更好地安排句子。

2、The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一個(gè)主語就夠了）His brother washes bowls every day.主謂賓(受動(dòng)者)Bowls are washedbyhis brother every day.改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines

3、 in Beilun.People speak English as the first language in UK.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beilun.English is spoken as the first language in UK.你知道這些被動(dòng)句的否定句和一般疑問句嗎？1.They make shoes

4、 in that factory.主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：S(主語）+am/is /are +過去分詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)He looked after the little baby yesterday.主謂賓(受動(dòng)者)The little baby was looked afterbyhim yesterday .They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned

5、 our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.They planted many trees years ago.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.Many trees were planted b

6、y them years ago.2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.一般過去時(shí)：S+was/were +過去分詞Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主謂賓(受動(dòng)者)The roomwill be cleanedbyTom tomorrow.We will have a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow

7、.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.The farmers will grow different kinds of vegetables next spring.Uncle Wang will mend the TV set tomorrow. A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the schoolyard tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmast

8、er this afternoon.Different kinds of vegetables will be grown by the farmers next spring.The TV set will be mended by Uncle Wang tomorrow.3.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished (by them)in ten days.一般將來時(shí)：S+ will+be+過去分詞4Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken good

9、 care of by Amy.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：S+ can/may/must/should + be+過去分詞1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.5.Jim could do it yesterday. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turne

10、d off by you.English should be learned well by them.It could be done by Jim yesterday.歸納總結(jié)方法 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)可按“一變、二套、三注意”來進(jìn)行。 即：一變-把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語 改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的介詞by的賓語。二套-根據(jù)原句的時(shí)態(tài)套用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。三注意-注意人稱的變化而引起的主謂一致問題。例如：Many people speak English.English by many people.He washed his shoes yesterday.His shoes

11、 by him yesterday.is spokenwere washed練習(xí)：1.Many people speak English.2.They made computers in the U.S.A.3.People used knives for cutting things.4.People used metal for making machines.5.They produce silk in Suzhou and Hangzhou.6.They speak English in Canada. 7.They write business letters in English.

12、 8.They grow rice in South China. 9.They plant many trees in North China. 10.Lu Xun wrote this book. 11.The workers built some bridges.12.We can use the box as a table. 13.We should clean the classroom every day 下列時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成 1.Lucy is watering the trees. 2.The boy was mending his bike.3.We have finis

13、hed our compositions. 看一看 想一想Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： S+ am/is/are + being +過去分詞I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： S+ was/were+being+過去分詞We have made twenty more

14、keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： S+ have/has + been+過去分詞各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)照表時(shí) 態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/doesam/is/are+過去分詞2一般過去時(shí)didwas/were+過去分詞3一般將來時(shí)will/be going to+動(dòng)詞原形will/be going to+ be+過去分詞4過去將來時(shí)would+動(dòng)詞原形would+ be+過去分詞5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞am/is/are+ being+過去分詞6過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞was/w

15、ere+ being+過去分詞7現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+過去分詞have/has+ been+過去分詞8過去完成時(shí)had+過去分詞had+ been+過去分詞9含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的特殊情況1.不及物動(dòng)詞帶介詞和介詞賓語時(shí)，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，仍然要帶上介詞。e.g. The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.被動(dòng)句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class. e.g. They look after t

16、he new students in the school.被動(dòng)句：The new students are looked after by them in the school.1).Parents always look after their children carefully. Children are always looked after carefully. 2).She will turn off the light after class. The light will be turned off after class。3).She listened to the tea

17、chers carefully sometimes. The teachers were listened to carefully sometimes. 2.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語(有賓補(bǔ)), 并且賓補(bǔ)是省去“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中應(yīng)加“to” e.g. They make us do all the work.被動(dòng)句：We are made to do all the work by them. e.g. We often hear her sing songs.被動(dòng)句：She is often heard to sing songs by us. e.g. I saw him w

18、alk to school.被動(dòng)句：He was seen to walk to school by me.特別提示：一些使役動(dòng)詞(let, have, make等)或感觀動(dòng)詞(see, hear, watch, 中后面接的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to，但改為被動(dòng)時(shí)，要補(bǔ)上to。(記憶口訣：“使感動(dòng)詞”真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主動(dòng)語態(tài)to走開，被動(dòng)語態(tài)to回來?！?使役動(dòng)詞和感觀動(dòng)詞主被動(dòng)語態(tài)對(duì)照表主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)使役動(dòng)詞make sb. do sth.sb. be made to do sth.have sb. do sth.sb. be had to do sth.let sb. do sth.s

19、b. be let to do sth.感觀動(dòng)詞see sb. do sth.sb. be seen to do sth.watch sb. do sth.sb. be watched to do sth.hear sb. do sth.sb. be heard to do sth.notice sb. do sth.sb. be noticed to do sth.go The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day. The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss. I saw h

20、im enter the house. He was seen to enter the house by me. The teacher let them leave the classroom after class. They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class. We hear her sing in the room every day. She is heard to sing in the room every day. 注意當(dāng)使用see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.時(shí)，變?yōu)楸?/p>

21、動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，doing保持不變。如： I saw him going into the shop.(主動(dòng)) He was seen going into the shop.(被動(dòng)) 3.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語時(shí)(一個(gè)賓語是指人，一個(gè)是指物)，將其中指人的賓語提前作被動(dòng)句的主語時(shí)，另一個(gè)賓語按順序照抄下來；如是將指物的賓語提前作被動(dòng)句的主語，在被動(dòng)句中則指人賓語前應(yīng)加“to”或“for” 。 e.g. He gives me a flower everyday. 被動(dòng)1 I am given a flower by him everyday. 被動(dòng)2 A flower is given to me by

22、him everyday. e.g. My mother bought me a computer. 被動(dòng)1 I was bought a computer by my mother . 被動(dòng)2 A computer was bought for me by my mother . 1.He passed me some paper. I was passed some paper by him. Some paper was passed to me by him. 2.He bought me a present for my birthday. I was bought a presen

23、t by him for my birthday. A present was bought for me for my birthday by him. 3. They have given me some good advice. I have been given some good advice. Some good advice has been given to me.練習(xí)：將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句。 1.Li Lei listens to his father carefully. Li Leis father is listened to carefully by Li Lei .

24、 2.The mother looked after the baby in the room. The baby was looked after by the mother in the room. 3.We took care of the things. The things were taken care of by us. 4.They gave us some work. We were given some work by them. Some work was given to us by them. 5.The boy made them laugh all the tim

25、e. They were made to laugh all the time by the boy. 6.My mother buys me a bike. A bike is bought for me by my mother. I am bought a bike by my mother. 1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of

26、 their classroom_ _ twice a month.EXERCISES are usedarecleaned(變被動(dòng)語態(tài)）5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on

27、 the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on