語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)九動(dòng)詞詞義辨析16開(kāi)

1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)九：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析動(dòng)詞是是各類的重點(diǎn)，高題中，單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空和改錯(cuò)等三項(xiàng)題型中，動(dòng)詞辨義的較大，并逐年增加。動(dòng)詞辨義主要指：1、形狀相同的動(dòng)詞之間辨義。如： , lay; hanged,g; rise, raise; sit, seat 等。2、意義相近的動(dòng)詞之間辨義。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope,wish 等。3、動(dòng)詞與其它詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨義。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past等。4、意義不同，但容易o(hù)ut 等。5、某些常用動(dòng)詞的的動(dòng)詞的辨義。如：explain, say; d

2、iscover, invent, uncover; find, find用法的辨義。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的辨義。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up 等。（一）易混動(dòng)詞1、lay（放）,（躺）與（說(shuō)謊）：這三個(gè)易混動(dòng)詞見(jiàn)下表：2、rise 和 raise：rise 是不及物動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式是 rose，過(guò)去分詞是 risen，而 raise 是及物動(dòng)詞，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。3、hear 與 listen to：

3、hear 側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽(tīng)到，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)什么，而 listen to 是側(cè)重于聽(tīng)的傾向，但 hear用于無(wú)意中的聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，而 listen to 卻用于集中注意力的聽(tīng)。4、see, watch 和 look：see 用作看，劇目；watch 則用作看電視比賽，而 watch 還有在旁之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look 一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞，只是當(dāng)盯著看時(shí)用作及物動(dòng)詞，如：The littoy looked mehe face.（小男孩直盯著臉。）5、wind 和 wound：wind 意為蜿蜒而行，其過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞都是 wound，而動(dòng)詞意為，其過(guò)去式

4、、過(guò)去分詞都是 wounded。6、hang 的用法：hang 有兩個(gè)意思：一為懸掛，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都是二為絞刑，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，其過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞都是 hanged。woundg；7、hear 的過(guò)去分詞 born 與 borne：bear 作為出生講有兩個(gè)過(guò)去分詞 born，borne。只有當(dāng) be+born短語(yǔ)后沒(méi)有 by 介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，才可用 born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用時(shí)要用 borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受講，則一律用 borne。8、sit 與 seat：seat 為及物動(dòng)

5、詞時(shí)是作容納講，sit 只是表示一動(dòng)作。seat 如果表示就座時(shí)要用 be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用 seat oarmchair.lf, 比如:I seated myselfhe9、borrow, lend 與 keep：借入英文中用 borrow，借出用 lend，但這兩個(gè)詞都是截止性動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能用于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，所以我能借多久應(yīng)用 keep。10、win 與 beat：win 作勝、贏講時(shí)其后應(yīng)接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a

6、 bet，但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已說(shuō)服他了，我贏得他的好感。而 beat 是及物動(dòng)詞為擊敗、勝過(guò)講，直接接人、隊(duì)。11、steal 與 rob：steal 為偷。rob 為搶，其用法不同。steal 其后接物+from+rob 其后接人+of+搶的物品。、某地，而中 文原 形過(guò) 去 式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞說(shuō) 明放laylaidlaidlaying及物動(dòng)詞躺laylainlying不及物動(dòng)詞說(shuō)謊ddlying不及物動(dòng)詞12、fit 與 suit：fit 與 suit 均可作合適講，但英文中卻用在不同的地方。如 fit 用于尺寸大小的合適，而 su

7、it 則多用于顏色式樣的合適。13、take, bring 與 fetch：英文中拿三個(gè)詞，即拿來(lái)，拿去，去取然后回來(lái)(即雙程)。所以拿來(lái)，帶來(lái)是 bring，拿去帶走是 take，而去取回來(lái)是 fetch。14、shut 與 close：shut 與 close 有時(shí)是可以互換的，但有些地方則不可這樣做。如:在正式場(chǎng)合多用 close，而在命令，態(tài)度的場(chǎng)合則用 shut。如:Shut your mouth!(閉嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指鐵路、公路交通關(guān)閉或停止使用的場(chǎng)合，則要用 close。15、answer 與 reply：作為回答講 answer 是及物動(dòng)詞，如作不及物動(dòng)詞，則意

8、義不同，如 answerfor，意為向或向某事負(fù)責(zé)。而 reply 作回答講是不及物動(dòng)詞，后跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加上 to。16、reach，arrive 與get to：reach 當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)講是及物動(dòng)詞，而當(dāng)延伸和拿得到、拿不到時(shí)講，則是不及物動(dòng)詞。作到達(dá)講時(shí)還有 get to, arrive(at/in)。17、cost，spend 與 take：英文中花費(fèi)有三個(gè)詞 cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost 作 “花費(fèi)”講，主語(yǔ)不能是人，而 spend 的主語(yǔ)不能是物。如: she spent all his money on sts.而 take 作花費(fèi)講時(shí)，可用人也可用物做主

9、語(yǔ)this work.的用法是用形式主語(yǔ) it，如 It takes me three hours to finish18、lost, gone 與 missing：作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)意為丟失、不見(jiàn)了，可以用 lost, gone，但要用 miss時(shí)則不能用 missed, 而要用 missing.19、have on, wear, put on 及 dress：作穿衣服講的動(dòng)詞分為狀態(tài)和動(dòng)作兩種。have on 與 wear作穿著狀態(tài)講;但 have on 不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，而 wear 則常要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。put on 是動(dòng)作，但 dress 既可用作狀態(tài)，又可用作穿衣動(dòng)作，但用作狀態(tài)時(shí)要用其過(guò)去分詞作

10、形容詞如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit 作動(dòng)作講時(shí)，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物的名詞，如：I dress my childrenhe morning every day. 20、begin 與 startbegin 與 Start 均可作開(kāi)始講，并無(wú)多少區(qū)別，同樣可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞，但在下面的場(chǎng)合多要用 Start：1)機(jī)器的開(kāi)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)；2)旅途的開(kāi)始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there wasa lot traffiche street。21、allow 與 permitallow 與 perm

11、it 其后直接接動(dòng)作時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，如接人后再接動(dòng)詞則要用不定式，所以用在語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.22、find 與 foundfind 找到的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞都是 found，而 found 是動(dòng)詞“建立”的，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是 founded，founded，如：The Peopleswas founded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 與l英文中講有 4 個(gè)詞，speak, say, talk,l，但其中 speak, talk 多用作不及物動(dòng)詞，但 speak 后加語(yǔ)言名詞時(shí)則用作及物動(dòng)詞，如：P

12、lease speak English。而 say 與l 是及物動(dòng)詞，其中l(wèi) 常用作接雙賓語(yǔ)，如：l me a story。但也有些特定的用法，如：在作講實(shí)話，講，表示時(shí)間常用單賓語(yǔ)而不能換其它詞，如：My watch was broken. It couldntl time correctly。在書(shū)信、便條、海報(bào)上寫(xiě)著英文應(yīng)為 It said 。在作辨別不同講時(shí)是l，如：Can youl me the differencebetn the two？而講別人好壞話時(shí)用 speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son.。24、excuse me

13、與 sorryexcuse me 用于來(lái)打攏對(duì)方前以提醒對(duì)方注意的提示語(yǔ)，而 sorry 則表達(dá)因作了某事歉。25、care for 與 care to do方道care for 其后要接不定式時(shí)則要省去 for 或換用名詞，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但 care for 作照顧講時(shí)與 look after 相同。26、與名詞易混的動(dòng)詞有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.);bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.),

14、breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), sucs(n.);27、意義相近的動(dòng)詞：ring 搖鈴，打鈴，鈴響，strike 專指敲鐘，打幾點(diǎn)，撞擊；suggest提出實(shí)驗(yàn)性或推測(cè)性的建議，advice 表示對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)人的一種忠告；look 由視覺(jué)得出的印象，seem暗示一定根據(jù)的判定，appear 外表印象而實(shí)際或結(jié)果并非如此；stay 停留，逗留，remain 遺物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（發(fā)現(xiàn)）找到早已存在但未所了解的東西，invent（發(fā)明）研制出不存在的東西；remember起以前經(jīng)歷或知道的事，remind 提

15、醒做某事。28、動(dòng)詞 + 副詞 + 介詞：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go in for, look down on, get on with 29、動(dòng)詞 + 介詞 to 的詞組有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to 30、與 in 相結(jié)合的動(dòng)詞有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in

16、, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in （二）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是指動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的搭配。有關(guān)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的測(cè)試點(diǎn)主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語(yǔ)的辨異。需掌握以下要點(diǎn)：1、根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的不同特點(diǎn)，掌握其運(yùn)用規(guī)律。 (I)動(dòng)詞+副詞(不及物)Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.(2)動(dòng)詞+副詞(及物)后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。Please turn every lighthe house off. 請(qǐng)把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。注意：如果賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)

17、，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。如：She turned oll the lights whichhad been left on. 她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。如果賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。如：She gave them away. 她送掉了它們。(3)動(dòng)詞+介詞(及物)Im looking for my glasses. 我在找眼鏡。注意：當(dāng)它跟賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能把介詞放在賓語(yǔ)后面。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)可以放在句子或從句末尾。如：Shes got more work(4)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞n she can cope with.工作多得使她應(yīng)付不了。I look forward to seeing y

18、ou soon. 我盼望就見(jiàn)到你。注：“動(dòng)詞+介詞”、“動(dòng)詞+名詞+副詞”、“動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變語(yǔ)態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。his way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏成掉 after) 這樣一來(lái)，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。2、熟悉同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同的動(dòng)詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭配在意義上的差異。(1)同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。如：hear from 收到的來(lái)信，hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)。look after 照料，look at 看，look for 尋找。(2)同一動(dòng)詞和不

19、同副詞搭配時(shí)，意義上的差異。如：ring back 回, ring off 掛斷, ringup 打put away 放好, put on 穿，上演, put up 掛起，舉起。(3)不同動(dòng)詞和同一介詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：look for 尋找, call for 去取(某物)，去), ask for 請(qǐng)求, wait for 等候, send for 派人去叫。接(4)不同動(dòng)詞和同一副詞搭配時(shí)，在意義上的差異。如：break out 發(fā)生，, carry out 進(jìn)行，開(kāi)展, go out 熄滅, hand out 分發(fā), let out 放出, look out 當(dāng)心, sell

20、out 賣完, set out 出發(fā), take out 取出, work out 算出。break down 出毛病, come down 落下來(lái), get down 下車, take down 取下, write down寫(xiě)下。練習(xí)、動(dòng)詞詞義辨析1.I can hardly the difference betn the two words.C.sayA. poB.speakD.l2.I you will write me back soon.A. wishB.hopeC.wantD.need3.I asked him to me a few minutes sot I could hav

21、e a word with him.A. spendB. spareC.saveD. share4. Father will not us to touch anything in his room when he is away.A. haveB.letC. agreeD. allow5.I learned toa bicycle as a small boy.A. rideB. driveC. operateD.run6.I can _ you to the railway siony car.A. sendB.pickC.rideD.take7.If no one the phone a

22、t home, ring me at work.A. answersB. returnsC. repsD. receives8.1 dont know the restaurant, but itsto be quite a good one.A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked9. These boxes are too heavy for your mother, youd betterthem for her.A. bring10. There was a fightA. hurtB. carryC.takeD. fetchhe street yesterday. T

23、hree people were seriously .B. killedC. brokenD.cut11. Careless driving a lot of highway accidents.A. affectsB. givesC. causesD. results12. Ive_my umbrellahe office and Ill have to fetch it.A. fotB.leftC. remainedD.lost13 .The doctor says a few days rest in a quiet place willyou a lot of good.A. mak

24、eB.doC.giveD.get14. His heart fast when the teacher asked him a difficult question.A. beatB.hitC. jumpedD.ran15. The cooking chicken very good.A. smellsB. feelsC. soundsD. tastes16. Most children stay at home until they school age.A. geteC. reachD. arrive17. A single mistake here could you your life

25、.A. payB.takeC. spend he exam.C. thinkD.cost18. The boy works hard. Ihim to succeedA. likeB. expectD.need19. We each other the best of luckhe examination.C. expectedA. hopedB. wantedD. wished20. Im afraid Mr Brown isnt in. Would you like toa message?A.giveB.leaveC.carryD.take21. Do you know the girl

26、 _ a red coat?A. dressed inB. had onC. woreD. put on22. The assistant suggested Mary the blue skirt.A. buyingB. boughtC. to buyD. could buy23. Our teacher suggested Wang Lin to America for further study.A. should sendB. would be sentC. sendingD.be sent24. Old Mr Jackson insisted_ to the Friendship H

27、ospital.A. on being sent25. The father insistedA. beB. to sendC. on sendingD. being sentt their son Tom clever enough to study music.B. should beset for 1,500 yuan.B.paidn basketball.B. had betterC.wasD. would be26.I_ theA. boughteviC.costD. spent27.I _ play footballA. would ratherC. like betterD. p

28、refer28. - What are youA.afterng?B.at- Im lookingthe children. They should be back forch now.C.forD.up29. The sports meet will be till nextk because of the bad weather.A. put offB. put awayC. put upD. put down30.I really dont want to go to the party, but I dont see how I can it.A. get back fromB. ge

29、t out ofC. get awayD. get off31. Readers canquite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A. get over32. Many foreignersA. look atB. get inC; get alongD. get through_ the Great Wall as the Worlds Seventh Wonder.B. look forC. look aroundD. look on33.1 can t hear clearly. Please the radio

30、a little.A.tum;onB.tum;offC.tum;downD.tum;up34. Thirty people were expected, but only twenty - four .A. turned inB. turned upC. turned toD. turn up35. The child is running a high fever. We musta doctor at once.A. send inB. send outC. send forD. send up36. Im going to a pop concert with Tom.me at eig

31、ht and well go there togethe;A. call forB. call inC. call onn it is to.D. call up37. It is often easier to make plansA. carry on themB. carry out themC. carry them onD. carry them out38. Your comition must be _ after class.A. handed toB. handed outC. handed inD. handed over39. A new school was _he village last year.A. held upB. set upC. sent up-At 2 oclock.C. take awayD. brought up40. - When did the plane ?A. take offB. take upD. take place41.! Theres dange