高考復(fù)習(xí)狀語從句和并列連詞

1、高考復(fù)習(xí)狀語從句和并列連詞 狀語從句思維流程知識(shí)點(diǎn)一時(shí)間狀語從句1.when, while和as的用法 (1)when既可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)動(dòng)作，也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作，可用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生。When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里時(shí)，星期天常到海濱去。When the film ended, the people went back.電影一結(jié)束，看電影的人便回去了。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為“正在這時(shí)”，表示某件事正在發(fā)生或剛剛發(fā)生時(shí)，突然發(fā)生另一動(dòng)作。2.as soon

2、 as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, no sooner.than, hardly/scarcely.when.，immediately, directly, instantly的用法。這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作隨即就發(fā)生，常譯為“一就”，從句中用一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來時(shí)態(tài)。The moment she arrives，we can start.她一到，我們就可以開始。No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我們一到車站火

3、車就出發(fā)了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.男孩一看到他的母親就哭了。3.till, until和not.until的用法(1)在肯定句中，主句謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為“某動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某點(diǎn)才停止”。You may stay here till/until the rain stops.你得在這里呆到雨停。(2)在否定句中，主句謂語動(dòng)詞必須是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，從句為肯定式，意為“某動(dòng)作直到某時(shí)間才開始”。He wont go to bed till (until) she returns.直到她回來他才睡。(3)n

4、ot.until句型中的強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝說法。It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until 置于句首，主句要倒裝)4.before和since的用法 (1)連詞before表示“還未就”，“不到就”，“才”，“趁還沒來得及”。 Before they reached the station, the train had gone.他們(還沒)到達(dá)火車站前，火車已經(jīng)開走了。We hadnt run a mile

5、 before he felt tired.我們跑了還不到一英里他就累了。Please write it down before you forget it.趁你現(xiàn)在沒忘把它記下來。(2)before的句型：It will be時(shí)間段 before從句，表示“多久之后才”。It will be half a year before I come back.半年后我才回來。It wont be long before we meet again.不久后我們將再見面。(3)since的句型： It is/has been時(shí)間段 since從句。若從句謂語為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“自從有多久”；若從句的

6、謂語為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“自從結(jié)束/完成起有多久”。It is three years since the war broke out.戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)以來，有三年了。It is three years since he lived here.他不在這兒住已經(jīng)有三年了。5.every time, each time, next time, the first time, any time, all the time的用法 這些短語用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“每當(dāng)”，“每次；下次”等。Every time I meet her I always forget her name.每次我見到她時(shí)，我總忘了她的

7、名字。Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.下次你來時(shí)，記住把你的兒子帶來。You are welcome to come back any time you want to.你想回來隨時(shí)可以回來。1.while和when都可引起時(shí)間狀語從句，但是while不能與短暫性動(dòng)作連用。while引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的。當(dāng)我進(jìn)來的時(shí)侯，他在和別人說話?！菊`】While I came in, he was talking with others.【正】When I came in, he was talking with othe

8、rs.誤點(diǎn)：_2.狀語從句三要點(diǎn)，時(shí)間、原因和條件；從句如果表時(shí)間，after，before，when常用；狀語從句表原因，because一馬來當(dāng)先；狀語從句表?xiàng)l件，if前面來引導(dǎo)；主句通常前面走，從句緊緊跟在后。從句如在主句前，從句之后加逗點(diǎn)。1.用when，while或as填空_I was young, I was sick all the time.在我小時(shí)候我總是生病。_I read, she sang.我看書時(shí)，她在唱歌。She sang_she worked.她一邊工作一邊唱歌。答案WhenWhileashardly.when和no sooner.than的意義相當(dāng)于as soon

9、 as，但只表示過去發(fā)生的事情，主句為過去完成時(shí)，從句為過去時(shí)，如果hardly或no sooner位于句首時(shí)，主句的主謂語要用部分倒裝。他們剛到車站汽車就開動(dòng)了?！菊`】Scarcely they had reached the bus stop when the bus started.【正】Scarcely had they reached the bus stop when the bus started.誤點(diǎn)：_在時(shí)間狀語從句中，不能用一般將來時(shí)或過去將來時(shí)，而要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。下次你來這里，我會(huì)告訴你的。【誤】Next time you will come her

10、e, I will tell you.【正】Next time you come here, I will tell you.誤點(diǎn)：_2.The girl had hardly rung the bell _ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.答案before句意：這個(gè)女孩剛一(幾乎還沒有)按門鈴，門突然就被打開了，她的朋友沖出來迎接她。hardly.before“幾乎還沒有就”，“剛一就”，暗含“快”的意思。3.He had hardly finished his speech_the s

11、tudents started cheering.答案when考查固定句型hardly.when.的用法。只要辨認(rèn)出固定句型hardly.when.問題即可解決。知識(shí)點(diǎn)二地點(diǎn)狀語從句和原因狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句：1.地點(diǎn)狀語從句可用where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等引導(dǎo)。地點(diǎn)狀語從句可用于主句之前或之后。 You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 Wherever there is smoke, there

12、is a fire.無火不生煙(既無風(fēng)不起浪)。2.注意區(qū)分where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句。where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句直接修飾動(dòng)詞，而在定語從句中where作為關(guān)系副詞要跟在表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞后面。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(狀語從句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定語從句)原因狀語從句：1.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有： because, as, since, now that, seeing that,

13、considering that等，每個(gè)連詞的含義不盡相同。(1)because用來回答why的提問，語氣最強(qiáng)，一般放在主句之后；(2)since表示既然或已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首；(3)as引導(dǎo)的從句常放在句首，說明次要的原因；(4)considering that, seeing that, now that和since的意義相似，都有“鑒于某個(gè)事實(shí)”的意思，that可以省去。Why are you absent from the meeting? Because I am ill.你為什么沒開會(huì)？因?yàn)槲也×恕s it is raining, we shall no

14、t go to the park.因?yàn)樘煸谙掠辏覀儗⒉蝗ス珗@。Now that/Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我們就開始我們的會(huì)議。2.其他表示原因的方式除了狀語從句外，一些介詞短語同樣可以表示原因，這樣的短語有： because of, thanks to, due to, owing to等。Because of the weather, we had to put off the sports meeting.由于天氣，我們不得不推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。 回答why的提問，一定要用because。你昨天為什么沒有來？

15、因?yàn)橄掠炅?。Why didnt you come yesterday?【誤】Since it rained.【正】Because it rained.誤點(diǎn)：_1.Today, we will begin _ we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.答案where考查狀語從句的連接詞。句意：今天我們將從昨天停下來的地方開始，這樣就不會(huì)有要點(diǎn)被落下。此處是where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，意為“在的地方”。2.(2012重慶，30)Coach, can I continue with the training?Sorry, you c

16、ant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury.答案as考查狀語從句。句意：教練，我能繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練嗎？抱歉，你不能繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練，因?yàn)槟阆ドw受的傷還沒有恢復(fù)。由此可知，空白處后面為原因狀語從句，as符合題意。知識(shí)點(diǎn)三目的狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句目的狀語從句：引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so that, in order that, for fear that，in case, lest等。 1.in order that與so that 兩個(gè)連詞都意為“以便，為了”，引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；in order that比so that正式，引導(dǎo)的狀語從

17、句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引導(dǎo)的從句只能置于主句之后。Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.我將說慢點(diǎn)以便你能理解我。In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.為了能看到日出，我們很早就出發(fā)去山頂了。 2.for fear that, in case與lest這些從屬連詞本身帶有否定意義，意為“以免，以防”，相當(dāng)于so that.not.或in order that.not.；謂語動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也用should/might/could

18、動(dòng)詞原形。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.男孩躲在樹后以免他的父親看到他。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.帶上雨傘，以防下雨。Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.邁克是一位如此誠實(shí)的工人以至于我們都信任他。He earned

19、so little money that he couldnt support his family.他掙的錢如此少以至于不能養(yǎng)家。 It is not surprising that such little worms eat so little grain.這么小的蟲子吃這么少的谷物并不令人感到驚訝。2.除結(jié)果狀語從句外，too.to.，enough to.，so.as to等不定式結(jié)構(gòu)同樣可以表示結(jié)果。 He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus. He got up too late to catch the bus. He got up

20、 so late as to miss the bus.他起得太晚了以至于沒趕上公共汽車。區(qū)別so.that和such.that的用法名前such，形、副so，that從句跟在后；多多少少必用so，特別注意是little；“小”用such，“少”用so。1.The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life.答案in order that/so that句意：我們市里的警方官員們努力工作是為了讓我們能過上安全的生活。2.He had his camera ready _ he saw s

21、omething that would make a good picture.答案in case句意：他準(zhǔn)備好了照相機(jī)以防他看到什么可以成為很好照片的東西而無法拍攝下來。3.單句改錯(cuò)They are so fine teachers that we all respect him._There are such many picture-story books that the boy wont leave._The wind was so strong he could hardly move forward._答案sosuchsuchsohe前加that4.改寫句子，句意不能變He st

22、udied so hard as to pass the examination.a._b._You are too young to learn to drive.a._b._答案a.He studied so hard that he could pass the examination.b.He studied hard enough to pass the examination.a.You are so young that you cant learn to drive.b.You are not old enough to learn to drive.知識(shí)點(diǎn)四條件狀語從句和方式

23、狀語從句條件狀語從句：引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有： if, unless, once, so(as) long as, in case, on condition that, suppose/supposing, provided that等。 Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會(huì)考試不及格。As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就會(huì)成功。Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can

24、we turn to for help?如果他們拒絕了我們，我們能向誰求助呢？方式狀語從句：引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as, as if, as though等。方式狀語從句應(yīng)放在主句之后。as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“按照，正如”；其中as if或as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣，但如果從句中所陳述的情況很可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也可用陳述語氣。Do as you are told to, or youll be fired.按照被告訴的方式去做，否則你會(huì)被解雇的。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.老婦人對(duì)待那個(gè)男孩就像

25、是對(duì)待自己的孩子。1.The medicine works more effectively _ you drink some hot water after taking it.答案if句意：如果你在服藥后喝些熱水，這種藥能更有效地發(fā)揮作用。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”，符合題意。2.You can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast.答案as long as考查狀語從句。句意：只要你保證不開得太快，你就可以把我的車借走。as long as只要。3.英漢互譯如果你請(qǐng)他幫忙，他會(huì)幫你的。答案If you ask him,

26、he will help you.You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.答案如果你不早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，你就不能及時(shí)趕到那兒。I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.答案我可以告訴你真相，條件是你答應(yīng)保密。Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meet?答案倘若下雨，我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還要繼續(xù)舉行嗎？知識(shí)點(diǎn)五讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句讓步狀語從句：1.altho

27、ugh/though, even though/if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 although與though兩者意思相同，一般可以互換，都可以與yet, still或nevertheless連用，但不能和but連用。He is unhappy though/although he has a lot of money.盡管他很有錢，但是他不幸福。Even though/if it is raining, well go there.即使天在下雨，我們也會(huì)去那兒。2.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句as從句一般放在主句之前，用倒裝語序。從句中的表語或狀語或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。若表語是名詞，前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。Child

28、 as he is, he knows a lot.盡管他是孩子，他卻懂得很多。Much as I like it I wont buy it, for its too expensive.雖然我很喜歡，但我不會(huì)買的，因?yàn)樗F了。Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管他怎樣努力，他還是找不到工作。3.疑問詞ever, no matter疑問詞與whether.or.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句Whether you believe it or not, it is true.無論你信不信，它是真的。Whatever( no matter what) you

29、 say, he wont believe you.無論你說什么，他不會(huì)信你。 Whoever you are ( no matter who you are), you must obey the rules.無論你是誰，你必須服從這些規(guī)則。While volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball.盡管排球是她的主要項(xiàng)目，她也很擅長籃球。比較狀語從句：比較狀語從句常用than, so(as).as, the more.the more等引導(dǎo)。 表示同級(jí)比較，肯定句用as.as.，否定句用not as/so.as.。th

30、an表示不同程度的比較，主句中用形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)。He runs less fast than me.他跑得不如我快。The film was not so(as) good as I had expected.這部電影比我期望的差。The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙感到越開心。4.while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然”1.Frank insisted that he was not asleep _ I had great difficulty in waking him up.答案although句意：盡管我費(fèi)了好大周折才把Fr

31、ank弄醒，他卻堅(jiān)持說自己沒有睡著。考查狀語從句。用though/although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管，雖然”。2._ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.答案While考查讓步狀語從句。while的意思是“雖然，盡管”，相當(dāng)于though或although。句意：雖然他們都是強(qiáng)有力的候選人，但只有一個(gè)人將會(huì)被選中擔(dān)任這個(gè)職務(wù)。3.To show our respect, we usually have to take our gloves off _ we are to sha

32、ke hands with.答案whoever考查讓步狀語從句。句意：我們不論是跟誰握手的時(shí)候，我們常常將手套取下，以示尊敬。shake hands with sb 表示“與某人握手”，本句中的with后缺少賓語，結(jié)合句意用whoever在句中引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。在英語中wh-ever一類的詞，可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)常可換成“no matter相應(yīng)的wh-詞”，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能用wh-ever。4.補(bǔ)全句子_，he would not mind.無論發(fā)生了什么，他都不會(huì)介意的。_，you must keep the law.不管你是誰，你都要遵紀(jì)守法。I

33、ll eat_.你給我吃什么，我就吃什么。答案No matter what happened/Whatever happenedNo matter who you are/Whoever you arewhatever you give me (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句，不能與no matter what換用)5.while也可作從屬連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于although。while多用于句首英譯漢While this is true of some, it is not true of all.答案雖有一部分是真的，但不見得全都是真的。While I feel great symp

34、athy for you, I cant really do very much to help.答案雖然我對(duì)你深為同情，但我實(shí)在是幫不上什么忙。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1whatever與however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)的誤用(1)The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _ the season.解析考查讓步狀語從句。句意：無論什么季節(jié)，律師很少穿除了套裝以外的衣服。應(yīng)選whatever，相當(dāng)于no matter what, 其后用陳述語氣，其完整形式為.whatever the season is。答案whatever(2)_ hungry I

35、am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.解析考查讓步狀語從句。句意：無論我有多餓，我似乎從來都不能吃完整條面包。however相當(dāng)于no matter how，其后用陳述語序。答案However【即時(shí)小練】Is the new job a real challenge for him?Well, _ difficulties he meets, I believe he will never lose heart.答案whatever考查讓步狀語從句。句意：這個(gè)新工作對(duì)他而言是真正的挑戰(zhàn)嗎？無論遇到什么樣的困難，

36、我相信他都不會(huì)失去信心。whatever后跟名詞，意為“無論什么”。以題說法對(duì)whatever與however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞的考查是歷年高考中的?？键c(diǎn)，考生因弄不清其區(qū)別常選錯(cuò)。whatever與however的用法區(qū)別與感嘆句中的what與how的區(qū)別類似。在讓步狀語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞whatever修飾的中心詞為名詞，通常其后直接接名詞；而引導(dǎo)詞however修飾的中心詞為形容詞或副詞，通常其后直接接形容詞或副詞。突破指南在whatever與however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，需記住whatever后跟名詞，however后跟形容詞或副詞，其后為陳述語序。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2as與altho

37、ugh引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的誤用(1)(2012陜西，18)Hot _ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.解析考查狀語從句。句意：雖然晚上的空氣很悶熱，但是我們?nèi)匀凰煤艹?，因?yàn)殚L途旅行后太累了。hot作從句的表語，as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，要將從句中的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形提到as之前，故填as。答案as(2)_ regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too clo

38、se to bedtime.解析句意：盡管有規(guī)律的運(yùn)動(dòng)很重要，但是在睡前運(yùn)動(dòng)不是一個(gè)好主意。Although“盡管”。答案Although【即時(shí)小練】完成下列句子(1)_ he worked hard, he failed in the exam.(2)Hard _ he worked, he failed in the exam.(3)Try _ he might, Sue couldnt get the door open.答案(1)Although(2)as(3)as以題說法although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，句子為正常語序，而as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句用倒裝。突破指南同學(xué)們做題時(shí)需看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句意來選擇。 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3時(shí)間狀語從句中since與before的誤用(1)It will be 5 or 10 years