中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯-驅(qū)動(dòng)橋概述

1、 附 錄 A 英文文獻(xiàn)Drive AxleAll vehicles have some type of drive axle/differential assembly incorporated into thedriveline. Whether it is front, rear or four wheel drive, differentials are necessary for thesmooth application of engine power to the road.PowerflowThe drive axle must transmit power through a

2、90 angle. The flow of power inconventional front engine/rear wheel drive vehicles moves from the engine to the drive axlein approximately a straight line. However, at the drive axle, the power must be turned atright angles (from the line of the driveshaft) and directed to the drive wheels.This is ac

3、complished by a pinion drive gear, which turns a circular ring gear. The ringgear is attached to a differential housing, containing a set of smaller gears that are splined tothe inner end of each axle shaft. As the housing is rotated, the internal differential gears turnthe axle shafts, which are al

4、so attached to the drive wheels.Rear-wheel driveRear-wheel-drive vehicles are mostly trucks, very large sedans and many sports car andcoupe models. The typical rear wheel drive vehicle uses a front mounted engine andtransmission assemblies with a driveshaft coupling the transmission to the rear driv

5、e axle.Drive in through the layout of the bridge, the bridge drive shaft arranged vertically in thesame vertical plane, and not the drive axle shaft, respectively, in their own sub-actuator witha direct connection, but the actuator is located at the front or the back of the adjacent shaftof the two

6、bridges is arranged in series. Vehicle before and after the two ends of the drivingforce of the drive axle, is the sub-actuator and the transmission through the middle of thebridge. The advantage is not only a reduction of the number of drive shaft, and raise thedriving axle of the common parts of e

7、ach other, and to simplify the structure, reduces thevolume and quality.Fig 2 Rear-wheel-drive axleSome vehicles do not follow this typical example. Such as the older Porsche orVolkswagen vehicles which were rear engine, rear drive. These vehicles use a rear mountedtransaxle with halfshafts connecte

8、d to the drive wheels. Also, some vehicles were producedwith a front engine, rear transaxle setup with a driveshaft connecting the engine to thetransaxle, and halfshafts linking the transaxle to the drive wheels. Differential operationIn order to remove the wheel around in the kinematics due to the

9、lack of co-ordinationabout the wheel diameter arising from a different or the same rolling radius of wheel travelrequired, inter-wheel motor vehicles are equipped with about differential, the latter to ensurethat the car driver Bridge on both sides of the wheel when in range with a trip to thecharac

10、teristics of rotating at different speeds to meet the requirements of the vehiclekinematics.Fig 3 Principle of differentialThe accompanying illustration has been provided to help understand how this occurs.1.The drive pinion, which is turned by the driveshaft, turns the ring gear.2.The ring gear, wh

11、ich is attached to the differential case, turns the case.3.The pinion shaft, located in a bore in the differential case, is at right angles to theaxle shafts and turns with the case.4.The differential pinion (drive) gears are mounted on the pinion shaft and rotate withthe shaft .5.Differential side

12、gears (driven gears) are meshed with the pinion gears and turn withthe differential housing and ring gear as a unit.6.The side gears are splined to the inner ends of the axle shafts and rotate the shafts asthe housing turns.7.When both wheels have equal traction, the pinion gears do not rotate on th

13、e pinionshaft, since the input force of the pinion gears is divided equally between the two side gears.8.When it is necessary to turn a corner, the differential gearing becomes effective andallows the axle shafts to rotate at different speeds .Open-wheel differential on each general use the same amo

14、unt of torque. To determinethe size of the wheel torque to bear two factors: equipment and friction. In dry conditions,when a lot of friction, the wheel bearing torque by engine size and gear restrictions arehours in the friction (such as driving on ice), is restricted to a maximum torque, so thatve

15、hicles will not spin round. So even if the car can produce more torque, but also need tohave sufficient traction to transfer torque to the ground. If you increase the throttle after thewheels slip, it will only make the wheels spin faster.Fig 4 Conventional differentialLimited-slip and locking diffe

16、rential operationFig 5 Limited-slip differentialDifferential settlement of a car in the uneven road surface and steering wheel-drivenspeed at about the different requirements; but is followed by the existence of differential inthe side car wheel skid can not be effective when the power transmission,

17、 that is, the wheel slip can not produce the driving force, rather than spin the wheel and does not have enoughtorque. Good non-slip differential settlement of the car wheels skid on the side of the powertransmission when the issue, that is, locking differential, so that no longer serve a usefuldiff

18、erential right and left sides of the wheel can be the same torque.Limited-slip and locking differential operation can be divided into two majorcategories：(1) mandatory locking type in ordinary differential locking enforcement agencies toincrease, when the side of the wheel skid occurs, the driver ca

19、n be electric, pneumatic ormechanical means to manipulate the locking body meshing sets of DIP Shell will be withthe axle differential lock into one, thus the temporary loss of differential role. Relativelysimple structure in this way, but it must be operated by the driver, and good roads to stoploc

20、king and restore the role of differential.(2) self-locking differential installed in the oil viscosity or friction clutch coupling, whenthe side of the wheel skid occurs when both sides of the axle speed difference there,coupling or clutch friction resistance on the automatic, to make certain the ot

21、her side of thewheel drive torque and the car continued to travel. When there is no speed difference onboth sides of the wheel, the frictional resistance disappeared, the role of automaticrestoration of differentials. More complicated structure in this way, but do not requiredrivers to operate. Has

22、been increasingly applied in the car. About non-slip differential, notonly used for the differential between the wheels, but also for all-wheel drive vehicleinter-axle differential/.Gear ratioThe drive axle of a vehicle is said to have a certain axle ratio. This number (usually awhole number and a d

23、ecimal fraction) is actually a comparison of the number of gear teethon the ring gear and the pinion gear. For example, a 4.11 rear means that theoretically, thereare 4.11 teeth on the ring gear for each tooth on the pinion gear or, put another way, thedriveshaft must turn 4.11 times to turn the whe

24、els once. The role of theis tofinal drivereduce the speed from the drive shaft, thereby increasing the torque. Lord of the reductionratio reducer, a driving force for car performance and fuel economy have a greater impact.In general, the more reduction ratio the greater the acceleration and climbing

25、 ability, andrelatively poor fuel economy. However, if it is too large, it can not play the full power of theengine to achieve the proper speed. The main reduction ratio is more Smaller ，the speed ishigher, fuel economy is better, but the acceleration and climbing ability will be poor.附 錄 B 文獻(xiàn)翻譯 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋

26、所有的汽車(chē)都裝有不同類(lèi)型的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋和差速器來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車(chē)行駛。無(wú)論是前驅(qū)汽車(chē)，后驅(qū)汽車(chē)還是四輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車(chē)，對(duì)于將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)化到車(chē)輪上差速器都是不可缺少的部件。動(dòng)力的傳遞驅(qū)動(dòng)橋必須把發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)一個(gè)直角后傳遞出去，但人對(duì)于前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)輸出的轉(zhuǎn)矩與主減速器是在同一直線(xiàn)上的，但是發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置的后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車(chē)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力必須以正確的角度傳遞出去，來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)輪。圖中所示是齒輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的過(guò)程，即由一個(gè)相對(duì)小的齒輪驅(qū)動(dòng)一個(gè)大齒輪（主動(dòng)齒輪和從動(dòng)齒輪），從動(dòng)錐齒輪和差速器殼連接在一起，在半軸的根部有一對(duì)帶有內(nèi)花鍵的半軸齒輪，半軸齒輪和半軸通過(guò)花鍵來(lái)連接在一起。當(dāng)差速器殼旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，就驅(qū)動(dòng)內(nèi)部的半齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)從而使半軸轉(zhuǎn)

27、動(dòng)，將轉(zhuǎn)矩傳給車(chē)輪。后驅(qū)動(dòng)橋后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的車(chē)輛大多是卡車(chē)，大型轎車(chē)和大部分跑車(chē)。典型的后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的車(chē)輛使用前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和變速箱總成將轉(zhuǎn)矩傳輸?shù)胶筝嗱?qū)動(dòng)橋。多驅(qū)動(dòng)橋汽車(chē)中，在貫通式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的布置中，各橋的傳動(dòng)軸布置在同一縱向鉛垂平面內(nèi)，并且各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋不是分別用自己的傳動(dòng)軸與分動(dòng)器直接聯(lián)接，而是位于分動(dòng)器前面的或后面的各相鄰兩橋的傳動(dòng)軸，是串聯(lián)布置的。汽車(chē)前后兩端的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的動(dòng)力，是經(jīng)分動(dòng)器并貫通中間橋而傳遞的。其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是，不僅減少了傳動(dòng)軸的數(shù)量，而且提高了各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋零件的相互通用性，并且簡(jiǎn)化了結(jié)構(gòu)、減小了體積和質(zhì)量。一些車(chē)輛不是這個(gè)典型的例子。如老式的保時(shí)捷或大眾汽車(chē)引擎在汽車(chē)后面，是后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)。這些車(chē)輛使用的后方

28、安裝驅(qū)動(dòng)橋與半軸來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)輪。另外，一些車(chē)輛是前置引擎，后橋與傳動(dòng)軸連接發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)輪。差速器為了消除由于左右車(chē)輪在運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)上的不協(xié)調(diào)而產(chǎn)生左右車(chē)輪外徑不同或滾動(dòng)半徑不相等而要求車(chē)輪行程，汽車(chē)左右驅(qū)動(dòng)輪間都裝有差速器，后者保證了汽車(chē)驅(qū)動(dòng)橋兩側(cè)車(chē)輪在行程不等時(shí)具有以不同速度旋轉(zhuǎn)的特性，從而滿(mǎn)足了汽車(chē)行駛運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)要求。如圖所示說(shuō)明了其工作情況1. 主動(dòng)齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，從而驅(qū)動(dòng)從動(dòng)齒輪。 2. 從動(dòng)齒輪將轉(zhuǎn)矩作用于差速器殼，使其轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。3. 位于差速器殼中的行星齒輪以適當(dāng)?shù)慕嵌群桶胼S齒輪接觸，并隨的差速器殼轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。4. 行星齒輪（驅(qū)動(dòng)齒輪）和十字軸連接，和十字軸一起轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。5. 半軸齒輪（被驅(qū)動(dòng)齒輪）和行星齒輪嚙合并且和從動(dòng)齒輪及差速器殼作為一個(gè)整體一起轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。6. 半軸齒輪的內(nèi)花鍵和半軸端部餓花鍵接在一起隨著差速殼一起轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。7. 當(dāng)兩側(cè)車(chē)輪轉(zhuǎn)速相同時(shí)，行星齒輪和半軸齒輪無(wú)相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，左右齒輪力矩平均分配。8. 當(dāng)汽車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)差速器開(kāi)始起作用，是兩側(cè)的半軸以不同的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)。開(kāi)式差速器對(duì)每個(gè)車(chē)輪一般使用相同量的扭矩。確定車(chē)輪承受的扭矩大小的因素有兩個(gè)：設(shè)備和摩擦力。在干燥的條件下，當(dāng)摩擦力很大時(shí)，車(chē)輪承受的扭矩大小受發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和擋位的限制，在摩擦力很小時(shí)（如在冰上行駛），限制為最大扭矩，從而使車(chē)輪不會(huì)打滑。所以，即使汽車(chē)可以產(chǎn)生較大