現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語詳解

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)專心-專注-專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上專心-專注-專業(yè)教學(xué)目標(biāo)：講解現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語及區(qū)分不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的異同重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)：1.現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致。2.分詞作狀語時(shí)，要看它同句子主語之間的關(guān)系，以確定是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。3.注意非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間關(guān)系，以確定分詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式4、弄清非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系，以確定非謂語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)形式.5. 連詞+分詞形式（分詞作狀語的省略問題）6.不定式作結(jié)果狀語和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別。7. 現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和評價(jià)性

2、狀語Step 1 lead in 朗讀下面一首唐詩，找出其中的現(xiàn)在分詞形式Thinking in the Silent Night 靜夜思Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 舉頭望明月Lowering my head, I dream that Im home. 低頭思故鄉(xiāng)Step2 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的意義動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于狀語從句，在

3、句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況及獨(dú)立成分等，作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語時(shí)常位于句末。一. -ing分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，代替一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句(引導(dǎo)詞有when ,while )溫馨提示：1現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作一般是同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)可由連詞when, while引出。 2現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作就立即發(fā)生時(shí)。 如：When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood.=Seeing those pictures, she remembered her c

4、hildhood. 看到那些畫，她想起了自己的童年。As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy.=（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.他一聽到這個(gè)好消息，就高興地跳起來。二-ing分詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。(引導(dǎo)詞有because ,as ,since)如：As he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday=Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天沒有上

5、學(xué)。三-ing分詞也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。(引導(dǎo)詞有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed.=Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奮一點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)成功。If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.=Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.如果你向左轉(zhuǎn)，你就會(huì)找到到學(xué)校取得路。四表示讓步，相

6、當(dāng)于讓步狀語從句（引導(dǎo)詞有although,though,even if ,even though）Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage.= Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。五現(xiàn)在分詞可以做方式狀語、伴隨狀語，表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，是主語的另一個(gè)、較次要的動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由and引導(dǎo)的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。She came into the house,and carried a lot of book

7、s.=She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. 她捧著許多書走進(jìn)了房間。He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.=He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，長時(shí)間地望著天空。溫馨提示：伴隨狀語出現(xiàn)的條件是由一個(gè)主語發(fā)出兩個(gè)動(dòng)作或同一個(gè)主語處于兩種狀態(tài)，或同一個(gè)主語發(fā)出一個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)又伴隨有某一種狀態(tài)。六現(xiàn)在分詞表示主句的動(dòng)作所帶來的必然結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語His father

8、 died, and left him a lot of money.=His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了，留給他許多錢。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, and broke it into pieces.=She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生氣，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。Step 2考點(diǎn)解讀分詞作狀語應(yīng)注意的問題A.

9、分詞作狀語的首要條件是分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語。動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般應(yīng)與句子的主語保持一致。Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. 走進(jìn)教室，我發(fā)現(xiàn)里面沒人。（entering的邏輯主語是I，相當(dāng)于when I entered the classroom, I found nobody in it.） 如分詞表示的動(dòng)作不是句中主語發(fā)出或承受的，那就是誤用。課堂鞏固練習(xí)：判斷下列句子正誤1. 從窗戶看出去，我們看見一個(gè)漂亮的花園。 a. Looking out through the window, the garden w

10、as beautiful.b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.2. 我看著晚報(bào)的時(shí)候，一只狗開始叫起來。 a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.3. 聽到這個(gè)消息，我的眼淚忍不住流下來。a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the

11、 news, she cried out sadly.4.等公汽的時(shí)候，一塊磚頭砸在我的頭上。a. waiting for the bus , a brick fell on my head.b.waiting for the bus ,I was hit by a brick on the head.5.打開窗戶，一只蝴蝶飛進(jìn)來了。a. Opening the window, a butterfly flew into my room.b. Opening the window, I saw a butterfly flying into my room.6.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你的夢想一定會(huì)實(shí)

12、現(xiàn)。a.Working hard with a strong will, your dream will certainly come trueb.Working hard with a strong will, youll certainly make your dream come trueB. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)分詞的邏輯主語如不能和句子中的主語保持一致，該-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語，通常有名詞或代詞來擔(dān)任,成為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示伴隨動(dòng)作或情況, 表示時(shí)間、原因、條件等。但要注意主格詞和主句的主語不能表示同一概念，主格詞和分詞的動(dòng)作是主謂關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)是：形式：主格詞+doing主格詞

13、+being +adjthere being +n,辨別正誤因?yàn)樘鞖夂茫覀兿轮軐⑴e行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。a. Being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week. b. It being fine, we will have the sports meeting next week. 練習(xí)：把下面句子改成獨(dú)立主格形式1.If the weather permits, well go out on an outing. =Weather permitting, well go out on an outing. 天氣許可的話，我們就去郊游。2. Be

14、cause it is Sunday, we neednt go to school.=It being Sunday, we neednt go to school. 因?yàn)槭切瞧谔?，我們不需要上學(xué)。3.Since there was no buses,we had to walk home .=There being no bus ,we had to walk home .因?yàn)闆]有車，我們不得不走回家。4.As the boy led the way, we had no trouble finding the village. The boy leading the way, we ha

15、d no trouble finding the village.因?yàn)橛羞@個(gè)男孩帶路，我們毫不費(fèi)力地找到了這個(gè)村子。小結(jié)：當(dāng)主從句主語不一致時(shí)，分詞和邏輯主語構(gòu)成.獨(dú)立主格.例如：Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. 天氣允許的話，足球賽將在周五舉行。（permitting的邏輯主語是time，而不是the football match）The professor being absent ,the lecture had to be put off.教授缺席了，演講不得不推遲。The meeting bei

16、ng over, they all left the meeting room.會(huì)議結(jié)束了，他們都離開了會(huì)議室。課堂鞏固練習(xí)1. _,I will go over all these lessons before the exam.A. If time will permit B. Time permits C. Time permitted D. Time permitting 2. I carefully poured the liquid into the water , my classmates _anxiously beside me to see what would happe

17、n.A. stood B. standing C. to stood D. were standing 注意：有一種習(xí)慣表達(dá)作評價(jià)性狀語，表示說話人的態(tài)度，觀點(diǎn)和看法等，就不必考慮與主句的主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系，因?yàn)檎f話者就是分詞的邏輯主語，它們的邏輯主語可以和句子的主語不一致必背： 分詞或分詞短語作獨(dú)立成份（作狀語或插入語） Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking一般說來/坦白說/粗略地說， judging by/from從來看，依據(jù)來判斷，seeing that 考慮到，allowing for 鑒于，顧及到， talking/speaking of談及，

18、Taking into consideration把考慮在內(nèi)其中的considering 鑒于/考慮到，following繼之后，concerning關(guān)于，regarding關(guān)于，respecting關(guān)于，owing to 由于就是介詞）例如：Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls.一般說來，男孩比女孩對科學(xué)更感興趣。 Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 從他的口音看，他一定來自加拿大。 Supposing it rains ，what

19、 will you do 假使下雨，你會(huì)怎么辦呢？Talking of cleaning, its about time you cleaned the classroom.談到打掃衛(wèi)生，該你打掃教室了。C非謂語作狀語時(shí)，要看它同句子主語之間的關(guān)系。和句子主語構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，和句子主語構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過去分詞作狀語對比練習(xí)：a._from the top of the building, we saw the house like a match box.b._from the top of the building, the house looks like a matc

20、h box.A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See 辨別正誤：1.因?yàn)槠岢闪税咨?，房子看起來更美了。a. Painting white , the house looks more beautiful.b. Painted white ,the house looks more beautiful.2. 受到他的話的鼓勵(lì)，我開始認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。a.Encouraging by her words, I got down to studying hard.b. Encouraged by her words, I got down to studying hard課堂練習(xí)1

21、.The secretary worked all night long, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing_ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.A. Taken B. Taking C. Having taken D. Being taken比較下列句子3. 1）._one of the leading poets in America today,he has

22、 also written a number of books and plays.2）._the price ,the car is worth buying .3）.All things _,the plan trip will have to be called off.A. be considered B. considered C. considering D. having considered4.1） the first place in the maths examination, liufang got another first in the English contest

23、.2）.The professor entered the lecture hall , by many students.3）.Many students entered the lecture hall ,_the professor.A. following B. followed C. to follow D. being followedD. 分詞或分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，前面可以加上連詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but，and,so ,or)，因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個(gè)并列成分，而分詞短語只是全句的一個(gè)狀語部分，分詞和主句之間可用逗號。辨別正誤：1.盡管被告知了很多次，但是他

24、仍然不能理解。a.Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.b.He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. c. Having been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.d. Though he had been told many times, he still couldnt understand it.e. Though he had been told many

25、times, but he still couldnt understand it.2.因?yàn)樯×?，所以他被立刻送到醫(yī)院去。a.Being ill ,so he had to be sent to the hospital at once.b.He was ill ,so he had to be sent to the hospital at once.c. Being ill ,he he had to be sent to the hospital at once. E.不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示意料之外的結(jié)果，常和only 連用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語表示主句的動(dòng)作

26、所帶來的必然結(jié)果，常何thus 連用溫馨提示：要掌握好現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語的用法，須注意以下幾點(diǎn)： a. 句子的主謂部分與分詞之間含有邏輯上的因果關(guān)系， b. 這種作結(jié)果狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞短語的邏輯主語可以是句子的主語，也可以前邊的整個(gè)句子.例如;The bus was hold up by the snow, thus causing the delay.公汽被大雪阻住了，結(jié)果引起延誤。His car was caught in the traffic jam ,causing him to be late.他的車陷入了交通堵塞，結(jié)果引起他遲到了。He dropped a plate on t

27、he ground, breaking it into pieces.他把盤子掉在地上，結(jié)果摔碎了。At the age of three his parents died, leaving him an orphan.三歲的時(shí)候他父母去世了，留下他一個(gè)孤兒。He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold. 他撞上了雨，結(jié)果使他感冒了。.He didn t come today, making it necessary for us to find someone to do his work.他今天沒來，因而我們必須找人干他

28、的工作。對比：不定式作結(jié)果狀語He made a long speech, only to show his ignorance。他發(fā)表了長篇大論，結(jié)果顯示出他的無知。He lifted up a stone only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石頭砸自己的腳。He went to the seaside only to be drowned。他到海邊去結(jié)果淹死了。Yesterday a street -beggar bought a lottery ticket , to make him a millionaire overnight .昨天一個(gè)街頭乞丐無

29、意買了一張彩票結(jié)果使他一夜間成了一個(gè)百萬富翁。鞏固練習(xí)1)The storm left , a lot of damage to this area .(2005年全國卷) Acaused Bto have caused Cto cause Dhaving caused2)European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in the world . (NMET 1998)A. making B. makes C. make D. to makeStep3 分詞的形式A.分詞的一般式和完成式溫馨提

30、示：1：現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作一般是同時(shí)發(fā)生， 現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作就立即發(fā)生時(shí),兩個(gè)動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式。2.分詞的的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)作狀語。把下列狀語從句改成分詞形式：1.因?yàn)樗盹埑缘锰?，他睡不著。As he had eaten too much for supper, he couldnt go to sleep.=Having eaten too much for supper, he couldnt go to sleep.2. 他把窗戶關(guān)上后就回家了。After he closed the win

31、dows, he went home.。=Having closed the windows, he went home。3.因?yàn)槁牭搅似婀值穆曇?，他走出房間看看。After he heard a strong sound, he went out of the room for a look.= Hearing a strange sound, he went out of Because he had been to the Great Wall many times, he didnt go last week.=Having been to the Great Wall many ti

32、mes, he didnt go last week. 因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)去過長城許多次，上周他就沒去。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們說說笑笑地向公園走去。Hearing the news ,he couldnt help laughing .聽到這個(gè)消息，他禁不住笑了。Having finished his homework, he went to bed.做完了作業(yè)，他就去睡覺了。Having waited for half an hour,I became a little impatient.等了半小時(shí)，我有點(diǎn)不耐煩了。Hav

33、ing turned off the TV, he began to go over his lessons.把電視關(guān)掉后，他開始復(fù)習(xí)功課。Having put up the tent,they started to cook supper.搭好帳篷后，他們開始做晚飯。小結(jié)：是否用分詞的完成式要看動(dòng)詞是否存在明顯的先后關(guān)系。二現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式被動(dòng)一般式 being done 一般做后置定語，表示正在被做的動(dòng)作被動(dòng)完成式 having been done把下列句子改成分詞形式1.這本書在被翻譯成多種語言后在全世界有名了。This book become well known all over t

34、he world after it had been translated into many different languages.=Having been translated into many different languages, this book become well known all over the world .2. This is one of the new supermarkets in our city,which is being built at present.=This is one of the new supermarkets being bui

35、lt at present. in our city. 這是我們城市正在建的超市之一。3.Though he had been defeated many times , he didnt lose heart.=Having been defeated many times , he didnt lose heart.盡管被打敗多次，但是他沒有氣餒。例如：The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machi

36、ne.被告訴了很多遍，他能夠操作機(jī)器了。Having been warned several times , the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被警告過多次，這個(gè)淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.被老師批評后，他戒煙了。三分詞的否定形式分詞的否定式，由not/never+分詞構(gòu)成，即not doing ,not having done ,no having been done 把下列句子改成分詞形式因?yàn)樗麤]有收到回音，所以決定再寫一封信。As

37、 he didnt receive a reply, he decided to write another letter.=Not having received a reply, he decided to write another letter.2.因?yàn)槲也恢浪牡刂?，所以不能和他取得?lián)系。As we didnt know his address, we couldnt get in touch with her.=Not knowing his phone number, we couldnt get in touch with her.例如：Not having heard th

38、e news. I wrote to him again. 沒有聽到這個(gè)消息，我又給他寫了信。Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.不知道怎么解決這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)題，我向老師求助。Not recognized his voice, she refused to give the person her address.沒有聽出他的聲音，他拒絕把她的地址給這個(gè)人。Not having received an answer, I decided to pay a visit to him.沒

39、有收到一個(gè)答復(fù)，我決定去拜訪他。E.現(xiàn)在分詞的省略形式有時(shí)，為了使非謂語動(dòng)詞短語與主句的邏輯關(guān)系更清楚，可在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加連詞。時(shí)間關(guān)系的連接短語有時(shí)還可以由連接詞while或when引導(dǎo)。 溫馨提示：當(dāng)狀語從句用省略的時(shí)候，一般要具備兩個(gè)條件：狀語從句的主語和主句的主語要一致且狀語從句的謂語含有be。當(dāng)具備這兩個(gè)條件后，狀語從句若用省略時(shí)，一般同時(shí)省略兩部分：狀語從句的主語；狀語從句謂語中的be。While (he was) playing football, he had his leg broken.當(dāng)他踢足球時(shí)，腿折了。When （he was ）asked why he was la

40、te ,the boy told a lie.當(dāng)被問及他為什么遲到的時(shí)候，這個(gè)男孩撒了謊。While lying in bed, he listened to some music.他躺在床上聽音樂。He looked through a newspaper while having breakfast.吃早飯時(shí)他翻閱報(bào)紙。When playing the piano ,she got excited.在彈鋼琴時(shí)，她變得很激動(dòng)。Be careful when crossing the street.過馬路時(shí)要小心。Step4非謂語作狀語的解題總方法與思路：1.先看四個(gè)答案：如果四個(gè)答案分別為動(dòng)

41、詞原形、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等情況，那么這個(gè)題多半是非謂語動(dòng)詞題。2.看符號：中間有個(gè)逗號，末尾有個(gè)句號。3.看有沒有連接詞（引導(dǎo)詞）。如果用逗號隔開的兩個(gè)部分都沒有連接詞的話，一部分是句子時(shí)，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。在“句子，非句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，非句子部分用非謂語：如： The teacher devoted his life to his career, _ most of his students successful in study.A. make B. to make C. making D. made 在“非句子，句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，非句子部分用非

42、謂語： _with children, I know what is needed most.A. Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work 4.定語態(tài)：如果本句的主語（或動(dòng)詞自帶的邏輯主語）與它是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主語（或動(dòng)詞自帶的邏輯主語）與它是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（被動(dòng)關(guān)系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。5.定時(shí)態(tài)：如果非謂語的動(dòng)作比謂語先（或先很久）發(fā)生，有明顯的先后順序，那么非謂語動(dòng)詞要用完成式，否則我們要用非謂語的一般式解題原則（高考真題分析）原則一、兩個(gè)句子必須要用連詞連接，如果沒有連詞連接，則需要

43、用非謂語動(dòng)詞，有連接詞就要用句子。例1. _ many times, but he still couldnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had been told例2_ many times, he still couldnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Having told C. He had been told D. Though he had told解析：例1中有連詞but連接，表明前后都是句子，所以

44、答案為C。 例2中后面是一個(gè)句子，而且沒有連詞，所以前面不是句子，應(yīng)該用非謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意此處為被動(dòng)，所以答案為A。溫馨提示：在“句子, and/or +句子” 的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)中，可能會(huì)考查“以動(dòng)詞原形開頭”的祈使句，四個(gè)答案表面上象非謂語，其實(shí)考查的是謂語。1） _hard and you will succeed in the exam.2）)._hard or you will fail in the exam.A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied 3）_some of this juice, perhaps youll like itA

45、.Trying B, Try C, To try D. Have tried4）_at the door before entering please.A.Knock B. Knocking C. To knock D. Kocked原則二、不及物動(dòng)詞無-ed形式的非謂語動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞有賓語時(shí)用-ing形式，無賓語時(shí)用-ed形式。Seated at the back of the classroom, he kept still.坐在教室后面，他一動(dòng)不動(dòng)。There are three reading rooms in our new library, seating about four h

46、undred students in all.在我們新圖書館有三個(gè)閱覽室，能容納400個(gè)學(xué)生就坐。Seating himself/Seated (Sitting) in the room, he is absorbed in reading.坐在房間里，他專心看書。例3. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 解析：lose為及物動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在后面沒有賓語，所以用-ed形

47、式，答案為B。原則三、being done 表示“正在被”，一般不作狀語，只作定語。非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)形式to have done或having done強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語動(dòng)詞之前。例4. （08重慶卷）_ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 解析：根據(jù)句意“我們沒有打通電話，就給他們發(fā)了個(gè)郵件”，沒有打通電話應(yīng)該發(fā)生在發(fā)郵件之前，所以用having done，答案為D。原則四.非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致

48、，和句子主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)用-ing形式，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系是用-ed形式。其邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時(shí)，要在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。例5（09北京卷） _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten解析：本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)和句子主語the postman一致，the postman應(yīng)該是被咬，所以答案為B。例6 .（08安徽卷）_ in

49、 the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked解析：本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)和句子主語he一致, he 和walk應(yīng)該是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以答案為B。例7 . （04全國II） While watching television, _. A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ringD. we hear

50、d the doorbell rings 解析：根據(jù)“非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致”的原則，watching的邏輯主語應(yīng)和后面句子主語一致，所以句子主語應(yīng)為“we”，答案為C。例8. 2007 重慶卷 The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair _ in the breeze was flowing B. flowing C. flowed D. having flowed 解析：本題沒有連詞，所以后面應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，her long hair是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語，和非謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

51、所以答案為B。原則五、不定式做狀語一般有兩種：目的狀語和出乎意料的結(jié)果狀語（表示順其自然的結(jié)果用-ing形式）。例9.（04福建） The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told解析：本句句意為“記者們匆匆趕到機(jī)場，卻被告知明星們已經(jīng)走了”，表出乎意料的結(jié)果常常用only to do，所以答案為B。例10. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden one

52、s at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day. 2007 天津卷A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let解析：本題句意為“玻璃門替換了木頭門，自然光就進(jìn)來了”，自然光進(jìn)來時(shí)順其自然的結(jié)果，所以用doing, 答案為B。例11 . His parents were killed in the accident,(thus )_ him an orphan.A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to leave 解析：他父母出了事故，他變成了孤兒就是意料之中在事情了

53、，用現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果狀語。 例 12. I hurried to school, only _ that it was Sunday. A. find B. finding C. found D. to find解析：發(fā)現(xiàn)是星期天是我匆忙趕到學(xué)校意料之外的結(jié)果，說明我忘記了，如果我知道是星期天就不可能還匆忙地趕到學(xué)校了。用不定式表意料之外的的結(jié)果。注意：表示“為了”，常用不定式作狀語，這時(shí)，狀語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間與句子謂語動(dòng)作時(shí)間相比，是將來，例如：例13.（09遼寧卷） , you need to give all you have and try your best.A Being a win

54、ner B To be a winner C Be a winner D Having been a winner解析：根據(jù)句意“要想成為獲勝者，你要付出所有，盡最大努力”，此處表目的，所以答案為B。對比：He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information.A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope答案為B. 現(xiàn)在分詞hoping表示與send me an e-mail同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一些考生認(rèn)為應(yīng)該填不定式作目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語時(shí)，句子的正確形式是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information.不需要hope一詞，如果要選擇“hoped”時(shí)，句子的正確形式是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information?！癶ope”和“sent”作并列謂語。比較：1）.He worked deep into the night, preparing(prepare) a speech for the president. 2）. I got up very early this morning to prepare breakfast for