2021屆高考英語一輪復習第二部分語法專項突破第一板塊構建基礎詞法專題四介詞和數(shù)詞學案新人教版

1、2021屆高考英語一輪復習第二部分語法專項突破第一板塊構建基礎詞法專題四介詞和數(shù)詞學案新人教版2021屆高考英語一輪復習第二部分語法專項突破第一板塊構建基礎詞法專題四介詞和數(shù)詞學案新人教版PAGE 2021屆高考英語一輪復習第二部分語法專項突破第一板塊構建基礎詞法專題四介詞和數(shù)詞學案新人教版專題四介詞和數(shù)詞- 知 識 梳 理 -介詞一、介詞的功能介詞短語的句法功能作定語The skyscraper in the distance is a five。star hotel. 作狀語Her eyes were tired from long reading。作表語The decision is o

2、f great importance.作補足語They found the machine in a bad state.介詞的賓語名詞、代詞Dont forget to turn off the lights before leaving your classroom.Dont hide behind others。數(shù)詞There was only one piece of cake, but we can cut it into two.The students began to show up by twos and threes。When we went in, we found hi

3、s room at sixes and sevens。形容詞、副詞Her pronunciation is far from perfect.His uncle is from abroad.動詞。ing形式I succeeded in passing the driving test。On arriving in Venice, we knew that it was a city of water.動詞不定式The plane is about to take off。賓語從句She got very angry because of what he had said。I am think

4、ing of how I shall do more for the people。疑問詞不定式短語Marx gave us some advice on how to learn foreign languages。動詞原形His father had nothing to do all day except play cards.介詞短語The boy jumped from behind the door。The ball rolled out from under the table.介詞的省略of的省略The two girls are (of) the same age.from的

5、省略Nobody can prevent us （from) getting married。You must stop her （from) telling such lies。in的省略He spends nearly half of his monthly income (in） buying books。He wasted time （in） doing nothing.on的省略Keep (on) talking amongst yourselves. Ill be back in a minute.二、常用介詞的用法比較表示時間的介詞at, on， inat表示時間點，也可表示節(jié)假

6、日at 300, at noon, at that time， at Christmason表示一天或某天的一部分on Monday, on Friday evening， on September 24in表示少于或多于一天的時間段in the evening， in a week, in three days， in 2015, in my childhoodmorning， evening, afternoon， night等名詞如果有表示具體某一天的名詞修飾時,用onon Monday morning， on a cold winter morningby， during, for，

7、till， untilby表示“不遲于，到為止by six oclock, by the end of last monthduring表示一段持續(xù)的時間，也可以表示這段持續(xù)時間中的某一點或某一刻during the summer vacationfor表示一段時間，后面接具體的時間單位，后面的名詞常用復數(shù)I have been working here for five years.till和until表示一段時間，till/until用在肯定句中與持續(xù)性動詞連用，until用在否定句中，與瞬間動詞連用Although the lecture was very boring， he stay

8、ed till/until the end of it.I didnt leave until 11 oclock.表示地點、位置、方向的介詞at， in, onat一般指較小的地方I met him at the store.in一般指較大的地方They arrived in Tianjin yesterday.on一般指面與線接觸的地方The picture is hanging on the wall。in, on, toin表示在某一范圍內(nèi)Baoding lies in the middle of Hebei Province.on表示兩地接壤Canada is on the nort

9、h of the USA。to表示范圍之外Japan is to the northeast of China.by， beside，nearby，beside表示“在的旁邊There is a small house by the river.He was standing beside his father.near表示“接近，近There is a school near my house.from, out offrom強調(diào)起點，表示“從The plane from New York arrives at 1110。out of強調(diào)從里向外，表示“從里出來”She took some

10、paper out of her bag。between,amongbetween表示在兩者之間The secret is only between you and me。among表示指三者或三者以上的之間The teacher was standing among the students.表示原因的介詞for, from， of， through， with， because of, due to, owing to， for fear of, on account of， out of, thanks to等都可以表示原因He was shaking with cold.The gir

11、l fell ill from eating too little.表示工具、方式、手段的介詞by， in， withby多用在無形的工具或手段前，by與名詞之間無限定詞by hand， by means ofin多用在語言、材料前in ink， in Englishwith多用在有形的工具、表示身體器官的名詞前，with與名詞之間可以有限定詞We see with our eyes.We are digging with spades （鐵鍬)by， in, onby交通工具，之間無冠詞by air, by car, by bus， by bikein/on限定詞交通工具go to work

12、 in my car, on the buswith表示“和一起,有在場” Will you come to the cinema with us？ 表示“隨著，與一道”With time passing by, he has become used to the climate there。表示“具有，攜有”The teacher comes into the classroom with some books in his hand.表示方式或狀態(tài)He likes to go to bed with the windows open。of抽象名詞be of抽象名詞beadj。be of v

13、aluebe valuableto情感類名詞to ones名詞to the名詞of sb.to ones surpriseto the surprise of sb。to ones joy， to ones regret, to ones relief， to ones disappointment常見的介詞短語out of place,except for，except that，beyond description，account for， on account of, in a way， in particular, in charge, as a result of， in case

14、(of）。.， be tired of, be proud of， the answer/key to， next to， similar to， due to， thanks to， popular with, above all， on behalf of， after all, in terms of， in need of, in favour of, in return, in short, apart from， instead of, regardless of, in detail， in general, on purpose， in place of， in search

15、of, for fear of, in exchange for, in addition to, in spite of， in vain， beyond reach, far from, free from， by the way， be fond ofHis speech is perfect except for pronunciation。The park is beautiful beyond description.The manager had to step down on account of poor health。Take your skates in case you

16、 decide to go skating。Cathy thought that she had the answer to everything.It can not be measured in terms of money。He went to Paris in search of work as an unskilled labourer。It became obvious that all her complaints were in vain.分詞形式的介詞including， considering， regarding， concerningShe writes for man

17、y papers， including the Sunday Times。 Shes very active， considering her age。She has said nothing regarding your request。For more information concerning the club contact Robert。數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞15 fifteen， 50 fifty, 55 fifty。five, 505 five hundred and five序數(shù)詞5th fifth, 15th fifteenth， 50th fiftieth, 505th five h

18、undred and fifth分數(shù)1/2 a /one half， 1/4 one fourth或a quarter， 3/4 three fourths或three quarters， 5（3/5） five and three fifths小數(shù)0。123 zero point one two three, 13.201 thirteen point two zero one百分數(shù)25% twenty.five percent, 14.28 fourteen point two eight percent倍數(shù)兩倍 twice/double/two times， 五倍 five times數(shù)詞的句法功能主語The two happily opened the box.賓語I need three altogether。表語She is the second in our class.定語Four students are playing volleyball outside