Unit 1 知識(shí)點(diǎn)全面清單學(xué)案-人教版高一英語(yǔ)必修第一冊(cè)

1、必修一 Unit 1 TEENAGE LIFE知識(shí)點(diǎn)全面背記清單-人教版(2019)一.教材生詞和用法teenage /UnedW adj.十幾歲的(1319歲)；青少年的同根詞 teenager/:nerisa(r)/ n. (13 至 19 歲之間的)青少年 teenage boys/girls 青年男孩/ 女孩ballet /baele/ n.芭蕾舞volunteer / ynlan *tD(r)/ n.志愿者v.自愿(做某事)同根詞voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的 volunteer to do sth.主動(dòng)做某事 a voluntary work 志愿者工作 work as

2、 a volunteer 做志愿者； volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事;volunteer for sth 自愿做某事 例句：I will visit Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2020 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.我將訪問(wèn)李燕，她是2020年北京冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)的一名志愿者。He volunteered for military service.他自愿服兵役。In my opinion, you had better do some voluntary work at the weekends.debate /dibet

3、/ n.辯論；爭(zhēng)論.vt.&vi.辯論;爭(zhēng)論(Dhave a heated debate進(jìn)行熱烈的討 論under debate 在討論中 debate with sb about sth與某人討論某事 beyond/without debate 無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議debate whether/how (to do/從句).討論是否/如何例句 They debated with each other on the environmental protection.他們就環(huán)境保護(hù)展開(kāi)了辯論。 We debated whether to go on vacation at the class meeting

4、 yesterday.昨天的班會(huì)上我父就是否去 度假展開(kāi)了討論【學(xué)以致用】Were debating whether or not(go) skiing this winter.The question of building a third airport is still debate.The two sides debated each other the question of the origin of the universe.prefer /pri*f34r)/ vt.較喜歡 prefer to do sth=prefer doing sth 喜歡做某事preferto 喜歡多于

5、 prefer sth to sth=prefer sth rather than sth 喜歡.而不喜歡prefer doing to doing sth 喜歡超過(guò)prefer to do . rather than do.寧愿做.而不愿做.同根詞 preference n. 偏愛(ài) have/show a preference for sth 對(duì)偏愛(ài) 例句：I would prefer reading books to watching TV.我寧愿看書(shū)而不愿看電視。I prefer to walk there rather than go by car.我寧愿步行去那兒而不愿開(kāi)車(chē)去。=I

6、would rather walk there than go by car. = I would walk there rather than go by car.We preferred that they (should) communicate with each other face to face.我們更希望他們面 對(duì)面地與彼此交流。A teacher should not have a preference for any one of his pupils.教師不應(yīng)偏愛(ài)任何一個(gè)學(xué)生。 【課堂練習(xí)】You prefer healthy food fast food.After a

7、ll, all kids prefer to be praised rather than (scold).Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers (stay) longer and spend.content / knntent/ n.內(nèi)容；pl./ 目錄;(書(shū)、講話、節(jié)目等的)主題 the content of the article 文章的內(nèi)容 be content with=be satisfied with 對(duì)滿意 feel/be content with 對(duì)感到滿足/滿意(=be satisfied/p

8、leased with ) be content to do sth.愿意做某事(=be willing to do sth.) with content 滿意地；滿足地 content oneself with 滿足于 例句：We must not be content with such a small success.我們不應(yīng)該滿足于這樣的小成就。My parents are content to live in the country, where the air is fresh and clean.我父母樂(lè)意在空氣新鮮、干凈的農(nóng)村生活【學(xué)以致用】My teacher was con

9、tent what I said.Youd better look at the (content) page of a book before buyingit.The rich man is tired of the city life, so he is content（live ）in the county.movement/mumont/ n,動(dòng)作； 運(yùn)動(dòng)； 活動(dòng)greenhouse /grihaos/ n.溫室；暖房clean up清掃（或清除）干凈suitable /sulabl/ adj.合適的；適用的 suitable for 對(duì)適合的 be suitable to do s

10、th適合做某事It is suitable for sb.to do sth.某人適合做某事同根詞suit vt.適合；使適宜n.西裝；一套外衣 suit sb 適合某人suit oney s needs適 合某人的需要be suitable for sb./sth.適合于某人/某物 例句：I want to buy some books that are suitable for children.我想買(mǎi)一些適合兒童（閱讀）的書(shū)。It is not suitable for you to dress like that for a party.你穿成那樣參加聚會(huì)不合適?！緦W(xué)以致用】Infor

11、mal clothes are suitable （wear） at home or in ordinary situations.actually /aektjuali/ adv.事實(shí)上；確實(shí) actual adjchallenge八住IndMn.挑戰(zhàn)；艱巨任務(wù).vt.懷疑；向挑戰(zhàn)face/take up a challenge面對(duì)/接受挑戰(zhàn)challenge sb to sth向某人挑戰(zhàn)，比賽a challenging job 一份有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作例句：Schools must meet the challenge of new technology.學(xué)校必須迎接新技術(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)。Mary ch

12、allenged me to （play） another tennis game.瑪麗向我挑戰(zhàn)，要我跟她再打一場(chǎng)網(wǎng)球。 【學(xué)以致用】It is a （challenge） job for me to cure children of their bad habits. I kept practising until I became confident enough （challenge） the good players.title/atl/n.（書(shū)、詩(shī)歌等的）名稱；標(biāo)題；職稱；頭銜topic/3pk/ n.話翹；標(biāo)題freshman /frejman/ n. （especially NA

13、mE）（中學(xué)）九年級(jí)學(xué)生；（大學(xué)）一年級(jí)新生 confusing /kan juri/ adj.難以理解的；不清楚的 a confusing situation令人困惑的局面 同根詞confuse /kanfjuz/ vt.使糊涂；使迷惑confuse A with B把A與B弄混 同根詞 confused /ken Yju：zd/ adj.糊涂的；迷惑 be confused about 對(duì)困惑 get confused感到困惑的同根詞 confusion n.困惑。in confusion 迷惑地；There is some confusion about.困惑的是. 【學(xué)以致用】He w

14、as really by the problem which also other people for along time （confuse 適當(dāng)形式）.He looked at me in（confuse） and didnt answer the question。People are confused all the different labels （商標(biāo)）on food these days.I always confuse you your sister. You look so alike.fluent /%u:ont/ adj.（尤指外語(yǔ)）流利的：熟練的a fluent s

15、peaker說(shuō)話流利的人be fluent in English在英語(yǔ)方面很流利同根詞fluency n.流利graduate /graedsuet/ vi. &vt.畢業(yè)；獲得學(xué)位.儂dguat/ n.畢業(yè)生 graduateat/from畢業(yè)于（學(xué)校）graduate in畢業(yè)于（專業(yè)）同根詞graduation n. U大學(xué)畢業(yè)a代er graduation畢業(yè)后graduation day畢業(yè)日recommend /ek4mend/ vt. 建議； 推薦； 介紹recommend sb sth = recommend sth to sb向某人推薦某物recommend doing st

16、h 建議做某事recommend sb to do sth 建議某人 做某事recommend sb. as推薦某人為recommend that sb should do sth 建議某人做某事 It is strongly recommended that+that(should)從句人們強(qiáng)烈建議 同根詞recommendation n.推薦,介紹,推薦信make a recommendation to sb向某人推薦 【學(xué)以致用】As a student, I really want to recommend the book you.The doctor recommended tha

17、t I (take) the medicine three times a day.Theprofessor recommended me (buy) some new books on thissubject.Because of the bad weather, I recommended (put) off the sports meetsign up (for sth)報(bào)名(參加課程advanced /ad *va：nst/ adj.高級(jí)的；高等的；先進(jìn)的advanced technology先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù) 同根詞advance /ad Ca：ns/ n.前進(jìn)；開(kāi)展.vi.前進(jìn)；開(kāi)展.

18、vt.開(kāi)展；促進(jìn)advance on/towards sb./sth.走近某人/物in advance預(yù)先;事先;預(yù)付in advance of (時(shí)間上)在之前；(開(kāi)展上)超前 make an advance/advances in在某方面有進(jìn)步/開(kāi)展A week/month/year in advance 提前一星期、一月、一年 recent advances in medical science 在醫(yī)學(xué)方面的最新進(jìn)展 例句：111 try my best to finish the task in advance.我將盡力提前完成任務(wù)。If you arent nervous about

19、 the coming exam, you are sure to be far in advance of your class. 如果你對(duì)即將到來(lái)的考試不緊張，你一定會(huì)在班上遙遙領(lǐng)先的。The advanced worker kept on studying advanced technology and made great advances. 這位先進(jìn)工作者一直在學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)技術(shù)，成績(jī)斐然。A group of students are advancing towards our school library.有一群學(xué)生正向我們學(xué)校圖書(shū)館 走來(lái)?！緦W(xué)以致用】If the meeting i

20、s cancelled, we should be informed advance.We have made great (advance) in developing our ship-building industry, literature /ltrGt(r)/ n.文學(xué)；文學(xué)作品 great works of literature 文學(xué)巨著 extra-curricular /pkstra k)rkjele(r)/ adj.課外的；課程以外的extra / ekstra/ adj.額外的；附加的an extra pint of milk外加的一品脫牛奶 obviously /nbvi

21、asli/ adv.顯然；明顯地 同根詞obvious adj It is obvious that彳艮可能.quit /kwt/ vi.& vt. (quit, quit)停止；戒掉；離開(kāi)(工作職位、學(xué)校等)quit office/school/ones job 離職/退學(xué)/辭職 quit doing sth 放棄/停止做某事 例句：You must quit smoking, What*s more, you should start taking exercise.彳爾必須戒煙。而且,彳爾應(yīng) 該開(kāi)始運(yùn)動(dòng)。Last century, a lot of people quit their j

22、obs to run business.上個(gè)世紀(jì)，許多人辭職下海經(jīng)商 responsible /rispnnsabl/ adj.負(fù)責(zé)的；有責(zé)任的 be responsible for 對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)責(zé)任感an irresponsible attitude 不負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度 同根詞 responsibility /rijspnnsablati/ n. 責(zé)任； 義務(wù) a sense of responsibility take responsibility for 對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)例句：Not only you but also he is responsible for the terrible accident.

23、不僅你而且他也要為這起可怕 的事故負(fù)責(zé)。As far as I know, he is a man of a sense of responsibility.據(jù)我所知,他是一個(gè)有責(zé)任感的人。 We need to take responsibility for our own health.我們必須對(duì)自己的健康負(fù)責(zé)。solution /salujn/ n.解決方法；答案 the solution to的方法同不艮詞 solve v sove the problemschedule /jedju：1 skedgu：1/ n.工作計(jì)劃；日程安排. vt,安排；預(yù)定 ahead of schedul

24、e on schedule 按時(shí)間表 be scheduled to do sth. 預(yù)定/安排做某事 be scheduled for 預(yù) 定 安排as scheduled as scheduled如期；按照預(yù)定時(shí)間a busy/tight schedule 滿滿的行程 be scheduled to do sth.預(yù)計(jì)做某事【學(xué)以致用】Because of the weather, the sports meeting was held a week ahead of schedule. 由于天氣,運(yùn)動(dòng) 會(huì)提前一周召開(kāi)Youd better finish the project _ sch

25、edule.你最好按預(yù)定時(shí)間完成這項(xiàng)工程。The film star is scheduled( arrive )in Shanghai at ten oclock.那位電影明星預(yù)計(jì)在 10 點(diǎn)鐘 抵達(dá)上海。The conference will be convened.會(huì)議將如期召開(kāi)。editor /edta(r)/ n.主編；編輯；編者同根詞edit v編輯 edition n譯文plate /plet/ n.盤(pán)子；碟子 v.鍍 dinner plates 餐盤(pán)sandwiches on a plate盤(pán)子上的三明治adventure /ad vent(r)/ n.冒險(xiǎn)；奇遇 advent

26、ure stories 歷險(xiǎn)故事youth /ju: 0 / n.青年時(shí)期；青春 in his youth, a gang of youth 伙少年 the youth of today當(dāng)代青年expert /ekspst/ n.專家. adj.熟練的；專家的 an expert on modern literature 現(xiàn)代文學(xué) 研究專家Hes an expert at getting his own way.他在如何到達(dá)自己的目的方面很在行。behaviour /bihe vja(r)/ n.行為；舉止 good/bad behaviour 良好/不良行為同根詞behave v.舉動(dòng)；(舉

27、止或行為)表現(xiàn) f well-behaved adj.表現(xiàn)好的 f badly-behaved adj.表現(xiàn)差的behave oneself守規(guī)矩；表現(xiàn)得體behave well/badly (to/towards sb.)(對(duì)某人)表現(xiàn)良好/不好behave like/as if 表現(xiàn)的像/表現(xiàn)的好像例句：This is a family where bad behavior will be punished.在這個(gè)家庭,舉止不良會(huì)受到懲罰。He told his pupils to behave well and not to chat while listening to a lectu

28、re.他告訴學(xué)生們要舉止得體，聽(tīng)講座時(shí)切勿聊天。We all have respect for him, for he always behaves like a true gentleman.我們都很尊敬他，因?yàn)樗偸潜憩F(xiàn)得像個(gè)真正的紳士。【學(xué)以致用】.He (behave) as if/though nothing had happened.He ought to be ashamed of his foolish (behave).generation /idgenareifi/ n. 彳弋(人) the younger/older generation年輕的一代； 老一輩 a lost

29、 generationattract /araekt/ vt.吸引；引起的注意(或興趣)be attracted to sth被某物吸引,喜愛(ài)某物what attracted me most was最有吸引力的是 attract one s attention/interest吸引某人的注意力/興趣attract sb. to sth.吸引某人關(guān)注 某事be attracted by被所吸引同根詞attraction n,吸引力；引力；吸引人之物tourist attractions旅游景點(diǎn)同根詞attractive adj.有吸引力的;引起注意的；引起興趣的an attractive you

30、ng woman be attractive to對(duì)有吸引力【學(xué)以致用】His attractive voice immediately attracted every judges attention.他那具有吸引力的嗓音立即吸引了每個(gè)裁判的注意。People present were attracted her singing.在場(chǎng)的人被她的歌聲所吸引。Ice cream is very attractive- the children.冰淇淋對(duì)孩子們很有吸引力。focus /feukas/ vi. &vt.集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)調(diào)節(jié)焦距.n.中心；重點(diǎn)；焦點(diǎn) focus on 集

31、中;特另1J關(guān)注 focus oney s mind/attention on. 集中注意力于 the focus ofattention關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)表示“集中注意力/精力于”的短語(yǔ)還有：concentrate one s attention on sth put one s heart into sthfix one s attention on sth【學(xué)以致用】We should focus the needs of the customer.我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注顧客的需求。Health and environmental problems have become theof attention.

32、健康和環(huán)境問(wèn)題已成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。一addicted /ad ktrl/ adj.有癮的；上癮的；入迷的 be/get/become addicted to（doing） sth 沉溺 于（做）；專心（做）.同根詞addict /aedkt/ n/v入迷 對(duì)入迷的人；吸毒成癮的人a drug addict吸毒成 癮的人 addict oneself to （doing） sth 沉溺于（做）同根詞 addiction n.上癮；沉溺 have an addiction to doing sth 做某事上癮【學(xué)以致用】.The student is a game, even though hi

33、s father has been trying to prevent him from being addicted to computer games, which are very addictive.他的父親一直試圖阻止他對(duì)使人上癮的電腦游戲著迷，但是這個(gè)學(xué)生已成了一個(gè)游戲迷。.People who are addictedshopping should break this habit.購(gòu)物成癮的人應(yīng)該改掉這個(gè)習(xí)慣。一adult/aed/Jt/ n.成年人.adj.成年的；成熟的補(bǔ)充survive v.幸存，比活的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)survive the earthquake從地震中幸存下來(lái) 同

34、根詞 survivor n.幸存者 the only survivor of the earthquake 地震唯一的幸存者 同根詞survival n.幸存the chance of survival幸存的幾率二.句型句法知識(shí)l.v-ing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 單 數(shù)。此外在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)多指抽象的、概念性的動(dòng)作，可以 是屢次的、經(jīng)常性的行為。Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge.從初中到高中真的是一個(gè)很大的挑戰(zhàn)。2.so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句：so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句

35、時(shí)，表示“以便；為了 此時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)常帶有 should/would/could/might/can 等情態(tài) 動(dòng)詞。其同義短語(yǔ)in order that也可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，但so that一般不用于句首， 而in order that可用于 句首。Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them so that/in order that they canunderstand each other better.為了縮小父母和孩子之間的距離，他們應(yīng)該多交流，以便能更 好地相互理解。當(dāng)so t

36、hat/in order that引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語(yǔ)和主句中的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可將從句簡(jiǎn)化為in order to/so as to結(jié)構(gòu)。注意：so as to不能放在句首，而in order to可以放在句首。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的理想，我們必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。We must study hard so that/in order that we could realize our dreams.=We must study hard so as to/in order to realize our dreams.=In order to realize our dreams, we must study h

37、ard.此外，so that除了引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句外，還可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“因此；所以，so that前常有逗號(hào)將其與前面的內(nèi)容隔開(kāi)。He injured his foot, so that he was unable to play in the match.他的腳受傷了，因此無(wú)法出場(chǎng)比 賽。uIt is + adj. + to do sth.句型可以拓展為兩種形式：It is + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.意為(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事是的”,此句型中的形容詞是修飾某件事而不是修飾人的，如 difficult, easy, hard, important, ne

38、cessary, possible 如：It is very important (for me) to master a foreign language.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)很重要。It is illegal to drive a car without a license.在沒(méi)有駕照的情況下開(kāi)車(chē)是不合法的。(2)lt is + adj. + (of sb.) to do sth.意為“(某人)做某事是的”,此句型中的形容詞是修飾人而不是修飾某件事的， 如 kind, brave, clever, stupid, nice, good, silly, careful, naughty 等

39、。It is clever of you to say so!你這樣說(shuō)可真聰明!4,make it + adj./n. + for sb. to doBut spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life.但是花太多的時(shí)間上網(wǎng)是不健康的，這會(huì)讓你很難在生活中的其他事情上集中精力。句型剖析：本句為簡(jiǎn)單句，句中的主語(yǔ)為spending . online，第二個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為make,其后的it為 形 式賓語(yǔ)，very difficult為 賓語(yǔ)

40、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),不定式短語(yǔ)to focuslife為 真正的賓語(yǔ)，即 句式：make it + adj./n. + for sb. to do/that ,有類似用法詞還有 find, think, feel, consider 等。 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使我們無(wú)法出去。I make it a rule to keep a diary every day,我養(yǎng)成了每天寫(xiě)日記的習(xí)慣。I must make it clear that Ill always support you.我必須說(shuō)清楚我會(huì)一直支持你。I fin

41、d it hard to remember these words in a short time.我發(fā)現(xiàn)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)記住這些詞很難。三.單元語(yǔ)法名詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞短語(yǔ)和副詞短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)或詞組(Phrases)是具有一定意義但不構(gòu)成句子或從句的一組詞名詞短語(yǔ) 指以一個(gè)名詞為中心詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，在句中的功能相當(dāng)于名詞。一般用作主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)a long river some nice books the capital city of China形容詞短語(yǔ)指以一個(gè)形容詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，在句中的功能相當(dāng)于形容詞。組成：(副詞)+形容詞+ (介詞短語(yǔ))功能：在句中作形容詞用，修飾名詞或代 詞

42、，還可用作表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。so clever strong enough a bit bored副詞 指以一個(gè)副詞為中心構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，在句中的功能相當(dāng)于副詞 (副詞)+副詞 在句中作副詞用，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞 very fast quite earlyrather surprising!學(xué)以致用請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出畫(huà)線處的短語(yǔ)類型The girl is my friend.( )He is a worker worthy 0f praise.( )They spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.l 形容詞短語(yǔ) )Everyone m

43、ay feel time go by very quickly when they do something interesting.()四.寫(xiě)作 Write a letter of advice建議信開(kāi)頭句式：I know you are having trouble (doing .)I am glad to receive your letter asking my advice on(很高興收到你就征求我建議的來(lái)信) Here are some tips / a few suggestions to help you.(這里有一些幫助你的建議)I think you can make it if.(如果你聽(tīng)從以下建議，我認(rèn)為你會(huì)做到的)表達(dá)建議常用句式：First(ly)/ why not.Second(ly), you should / can try to .Third（ly）, it would be a great idea if（將會(huì)是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的主意