國際公法學(xué)習(xí)筆記Chapter VII (10-13)

1、海洋法part2 TOC o 1-5 h z HYPERLINK l bookmark10 o Current Document Exclusive Economic Zone （專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)） 2 HYPERLINK l bookmark12 o Current Document Definition2 HYPERLINK l bookmark14 o Current Document Legal regime2 HYPERLINK l bookmark16 o Current Document Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal St

2、ate （Art. 56）沿海國的權(quán)利2sovereign rights（主權(quán)性權(quán)利） 2jurisdiction（管轄權(quán)） 3other rights and duties provided for in this Convention其他權(quán)利3coastal State shall have due regard to the rights and duties of otherStates.沿海國應(yīng)適當(dāng)注意其他國家的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。3 HYPERLINK l bookmark18 o Current Document Rights and duties of other States （Ar

3、t. 58）其他國家的權(quán)利義務(wù)3 HYPERLINK l bookmark20 o Current Document The residual rights issue（剩余權(quán)利）（Art. 59）3 HYPERLINK l bookmark22 o Current Document Continental shelf （大陸架） 4 HYPERLINK l bookmark24 o Current Document Definition （Art. 76）定義4 HYPERLINK l bookmark26 o Current Document Legal regime權(quán)利義務(wù)劃分5 HYP

4、ERLINK l bookmark28 o Current Document Rights of the coastal State沿海國的權(quán)利5 HYPERLINK l bookmark30 o Current Document Rights and freedoms of other States5 HYPERLINK l bookmark32 o Current Document Relationship between EEZ and CS專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)與大陸架6 HYPERLINK l bookmark34 o Current Document Common 共同點(diǎn)6 HYPERLINK

5、 l bookmark36 o Current Document differences不 同,點(diǎn)6 HYPERLINK l bookmark38 o Current Document High Seas公海6 HYPERLINK l bookmark40 o Current Document Definition 定義6 HYPERLINK l bookmark42 o Current Document Freedom of the high seas （公海自由）6 HYPERLINK l bookmark44 o Current Document Meaning6 HYPERLINK l

6、 bookmark46 o Current Document Contents7內(nèi)水7領(lǐng)海7EEZ/大陸架77777777777777777777777人工島嶼717科學(xué)研究717 HYPERLINK l bookmark48 o Current Document Restrictions限制7 HYPERLINK l bookmark50 o Current Document Exclusive jurisdiction of flag state （船旗國專屬管轄）7 HYPERLINK l bookmark52 o Current Document Exceptions to the e

7、xclusivity of flag-state jurisdiction例夕卜8a. Piracy （海盜罪）:universal jurisdiction 海盜:普遍管轄權(quán)8法規(guī)才可緊追，一般性法律的違法不得緊追；必須不得中斷地緊追；緊追前需發(fā)送要求停止 的信號；到第三國的領(lǐng)海就要停止；可以使用武力，但要考慮必要性和毗鄰性案例：孤獨(dú)號（國際海底區(qū)域）? Use of forceInternational seabed area公海海底適用的制度DefinitionThe seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof, beyond the limit

8、s of national jurisdiction.國 家管轄范圍 以外的海床、洋底及其底土?！?國家管轄之外的海床、洋底和底土urces of international lawPart XI “The Area【第十一部分“區(qū)域”】第三次海洋法公約第十一部分規(guī)定，簡稱“區(qū)域”Annex III: Basic Conditions of Prospecting, Exploration and Exploitation 附件三：勘探、勘探 和開發(fā)的基本條件】Annex IV: Statute of Enterprise 附件四:企業(yè)章程】Agreement relating to the

9、Implementation of Par XI of the United Nations Conventionon the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982,1994【關(guān)于執(zhí)行1982年12月 10 日聯(lián)合國海洋法公約第十一部分的協(xié)定】相關(guān)文件有四個最終確定制度：全人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)原則qal status of the Area and its resources法律地位和淵源The Area and its resources are the common heritage of mankind （全人類共同繼承財產(chǎn)） 【這一地區(qū)及其資源是人類的共同遺

10、產(chǎn)】任何國家不得私自開發(fā)，必須以全人類的利益為目的；區(qū)域的法律適用水域和水域上空；所 有開發(fā)都由國際管理局管理No State shall claim or exercise sovereignty or sovereign rights over any part ofthe Area or its resources, nor shall any State or natural or juridical person appropriate any part thereof. No such claim or exercise of sovereignty or sovereign ri

11、ghts nor such appropriation shall be recognized.【任何國家不得對任何部分主張或行使主權(quán)或主權(quán)權(quán)利一區(qū)域或其資源，亦不得 有任何國家或自然人或法人挪用其任何部分。沒有這樣的要求或行使主權(quán)或主權(quán)權(quán)利和這種 挪用都不應(yīng)得到承認(rèn)?！緼ll rights in the resources of the Area are vested in mankind as a whole, on whose behalf the International Sea Authority （國際海底管理局）shall act.【這一地區(qū)資源的所有權(quán)利都屬于全 人類國際海事

12、當(dāng)局應(yīng)代表其行事。】The Area shall be used exclusively for peaceful purposes.【該地區(qū)完全用于和平目的。 c. The legal status of the superjacent waters and air space above the Area shall notbe affected.【該海域上空的上?？諈^(qū)不具有法律地位受到影響?！縋arallel exploitation System （平行開發(fā)制度）Activities in the Area shall be carried out:by the Enterprise

13、（企業(yè)部）of the Authority;in association with the Authority by States Parties, or natural or juridical persons sponsored by such Statesconservation zone and contract zone“區(qū)域”內(nèi)的活動應(yīng)：由企業(yè)（企業(yè)部）的權(quán)威；締約國、自然人或法人與管理局聯(lián)合由這些國家贊助保護(hù)區(qū)域和合同區(qū)域締約國國營企業(yè)、締約國國有企業(yè)、法人（？）合作進(jìn)行。要提出申請，提供兩塊礦址, 個由提出國開發(fā)，另一個由管理局和發(fā)達(dá)國家保留開發(fā)BBNJ biodiversit

14、y beyond national jurisdiction TOC o 1-5 h z Unauthorized broadcasting from the high seas （公海上未經(jīng)許可的廣播）海盜電臺8Transport of slaves （奴隸販運(yùn)）/Illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic8Right of visit （登臨權(quán)）（Art. 110）9Right of hot pursuit （緊追權(quán)）（Art. Ill）9 HYPERLINK l bookmark0 o Current Document Intern

15、ational seabed area （國際海底區(qū)域） 10 HYPERLINK l bookmark2 o Current Document Definition10 HYPERLINK l bookmark4 o Current Document Sources of international law10 HYPERLINK l bookmark6 o Current Document Legal status of the Area and itsresources法律地位和淵源10 HYPERLINK l bookmark8 o Current Document Parallel

16、exploitation System（平行開發(fā)制度） 11Exclusive Economic Zone （專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)）領(lǐng)海之外，領(lǐng)?；€算起，不超過200海里，最多188海里。與毗連區(qū)有重合產(chǎn)生：來源于發(fā)展中國家對發(fā)展海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)（漁業(yè)資源）的需求。之前公海自由，有先進(jìn)捕魚技術(shù)的國 家獲利。非洲國家肯尼亞提出。DefinitionAdjacent to the territorial sea, not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline 田比連領(lǐng)海，自基線起不超過200海里History: claim for economic

17、recourses （fisheries） 歷史:經(jīng)濟(jì)資源（漁業(yè)）Leqal regime法律地位：介于領(lǐng)海和公海之間? territorial sea or high seasui generis areaRights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal StateRights and duties of other StatesThe residual rights issue （剩余權(quán)利）?領(lǐng)?；蚬＊?dú)一無二的區(qū)域沿海國的權(quán)利、管轄權(quán)和義務(wù)其他國家的權(quán)利和義務(wù)剩余權(quán)利問題10.2.1利Rights, jurisdiction and dutie

18、s of the coastal State （Art. 56）沿海國的權(quán)sovereign rights （主權(quán)性權(quán)利）只是對特定資源的權(quán)利，不是主權(quán)explore and exploit, conserve and managenatural resources （living or non-living） and other activities （e.g.: production of energyfrom the water, currents and winds）in waters, seabed and its subsoil【開發(fā)利用、養(yǎng)護(hù)管理自然資源（生物或非生物）和其他活動

19、（例如：從水、洋流和風(fēng)中生產(chǎn)能源）在水域、海床及其底土中】勘探和開發(fā)（權(quán)利），養(yǎng)護(hù)和管理（義務(wù)）海域的自然資源（自然形成的，包括生物資源 和非生物資源）。非自然資源沿海國不一定有必然權(quán)利進(jìn)行勘探開發(fā)（如沉船）。立體概念：包括水域、海床和底土。（與大陸架有重合）jurisdiction （管轄權(quán)）establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, structure建造及使用人工島、裝置、構(gòu)筑物；marine scientific research;海洋才斗學(xué)研究；protection and preservation of t

20、he marine environment;保護(hù)守口保存海洋環(huán)境；有權(quán)建造、使用、授權(quán)建造人工島嶼，結(jié)構(gòu)和設(shè)施要求：必須公開位置，警告，不使用時要拆除等有權(quán)海洋科學(xué)研究，其他國家須經(jīng)許可。資源導(dǎo)向的研究可以不同意。海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)權(quán)，可制定法律法規(guī)并執(zhí)法。對毗連區(qū)的管控權(quán)利other rights and duties provided for in this Convention其他權(quán)利e.g., control rights in contiguous zone在毗連區(qū)的控制權(quán),hot pursuit （緊追權(quán)）其他國家違法，可進(jìn)行緊追直到公海coastal State shall have

21、due regard to the rights and duties of other States.5臺海國應(yīng)適當(dāng) 注意其他國家的權(quán)利和義務(wù)。義務(wù)：漁業(yè)管理時，不得（不正當(dāng)）干涉其他航行等2 Rights and duties of other States （Art. 58）其他國家的權(quán)利義務(wù)航行、飛越、鋪設(shè)海底電纜和管道的自由Freedom of navigation （航行）,overflight （飛越） and of the laying of submarine cables and pipelines （鋪設(shè)海底電纜和管道）,and other internationally

22、 lawful uses of the sea related to these freedoms;【航行、飛越和鋪設(shè)海底電纜、管道的自由，以及與這些自由有 關(guān)的其他國際合法使用海洋的自由；】Articles 88 to 115 （high sea） and other pertinent rules of international law apply to the exclusive economic zone in so far as they are not incompatible with this Part;【第88至115 條 （公海）和其他有關(guān)的國際法規(guī)則適用于專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)，只

23、要它們與本部分不相抵觸；】公海的規(guī)定與專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)不沖突時，可適用公海的制度。發(fā)生沖突時，適用專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的制 度Shall have due regard to the rights and duties of the coastal State and shall comply with the laws and regulations adopted by the coastal State in accordance with the provisions of this Convention and other rules of international law in so far a

24、s they are not incompatible with this Part.【應(yīng)由于對沿海國的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守法律、法規(guī)所采用的沿海國家按照本公約的 規(guī)定和其他國際法規(guī)則，只要他們不與這部分不相容?！恳袷匮睾暮侠硪?guī)定3 The residual rights issue （剩余權(quán)利）（Art. 59）非自然資源的權(quán)利，軍事演習(xí)，打擊犯罪分子/活動等。如：打撈歷史性沉船等產(chǎn)生問題時，協(xié)商解決，再訴諸爭端解決機(jī)制（公平、考慮所有利益、所有情況）In cases where this Convention does not attribute rights or jurisdic

25、tion to the coastal State or to other States within the exclusive economic zone, and a conflict arises between the interests of the coastal State and any other State or States, the conflict should be resolved on the basis of equity and in the light of all the relevant circumstances, taking into acco

26、unt the respective importance of the interestsinvolved to the parties as well as to the international community as a whole.【在這種情況下，本公約不屬性權(quán)利或管轄內(nèi)沿海國家或其他國家專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)，和沿海國家 的利益之間的沖突產(chǎn)生和任何其他國家或國家，解決沖突的基礎(chǔ)上股票和在所有相關(guān)的情況 下，考慮到各自的利益相關(guān)各方的重要性以及國際社會作為一個整體?！? military activities in the EEZ【？專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)的軍事活動】Continental shelf

27、（大陸架）Definition （Art. 76）定義地理意義的大陸架：逐漸向深水傾斜的部分。（急劇傾斜的部分為大陸坡）（向深水的更緩的部分為大陸基）（三者統(tǒng)稱大陸邊）兩種主張：自然延伸& 200海里法律定義：包括領(lǐng)海之外依其陸地領(lǐng)土的全部自然延伸，擴(kuò)展到大陸邊外緣的海底區(qū)域的海底和底土（自然延伸）。若不到200海里則擴(kuò)展到200海里（距離標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）。只包括海床+底土。領(lǐng)海的基線算起（但實(shí)際范圍排除領(lǐng)海的12海里），小于200海里，則擴(kuò)展到200海里，有明確界限；自然延伸。但不是無限的，有外大陸架界限，最遠(yuǎn)不得超過基線外350海里or2500米等深線外100海里The continental sh

28、elf of a coastal State comprises the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea【沿海國的大陸架包括其領(lǐng)海以外的海底區(qū) 域的海床和底土】throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin; or continental margin （shelf陸架+slope陸坡 +rise陸基）【在其陸地

29、領(lǐng)土自然延伸至大陸邊緣的整個過程中；或大陸邊緣】to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance.【距測量領(lǐng)海寬度的基線200海里的距離，而大陸邊緣的外緣沒有延伸到這個距離?！?natural proIonnation + distance （自然延仰+距離

30、）outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nm 大陸架的外部界限超過200海里Irish formula （Art. 76.4）not exceed 350 nautical miles from the baselines；or shall not exceed 100 nautical miles from the 2,500 meter isobath （等深線）【愛爾蘭公式（第76. 4條）距基線不超過350海里；或距離2, 500米等深線不超過100海 里】Information should be submitted to

31、Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf （大 陸架界限委員會）【應(yīng)向大陸架界限委員會提交資料】若一國主張外大陸架，則需要將外大陸架界限上交委員會，委員會會進(jìn)行審核并給建 議，只有在委員會建議下確定的外大陸架界限才算數(shù)。The Commission shall make recommendations to coastal States on matters related to the establishment of the outer limits of their continental shelf. The limits of

32、 the shelf established by a coastal State on the basis of these recommendations shall be final and binding.【委員會 應(yīng)就有關(guān)確定其大陸架外部界限的事項(xiàng)向沿海國提出建議。沿海國根據(jù)這些建議所確定 的大陸架界限應(yīng)是最后的和有約束力的?！縇egal regime權(quán)利義務(wù)劃分Rights of the coastal State 沿海國的權(quán)利主權(quán)性權(quán)利：指針對自然資源。非生物資源（重點(diǎn)關(guān)注）：油氣礦產(chǎn)等；生物資源：定居種sovereign rights for the purpose of ex

33、ploring the continental shelf and exploiting its naturalresources.mineral and other non-living resources together with living organisms belonging to sedentaryspecies （定居種）【為勘探大陸架和開發(fā)大陸架自然資源而享有的主權(quán)權(quán)利。礦物和其他非生物資源與生物屬于久坐不動的物種】附著在海床上或軀體在海床上才能保持移動龍蝦大戰(zhàn)：50-60年代，法國VS巴西，當(dāng)時還沒有專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)，定居種適用大陸架制度，否則是公 ?！，F(xiàn)在生物資源都?xì)w沿海國了

34、，要么是大陸架上的定居種，要么是。jurisdiction over artificial islands, installations and structures on the continental shelf.管 轄大陸架上的人工島嶼、設(shè)施和構(gòu)筑物?！咳斯u嶼、結(jié)構(gòu)和設(shè)施exclusive right to authorize and regulate drilling on the continental shelf for all purposes 【對大陸架上的鉆探活動進(jìn)行授權(quán)和監(jiān)管的專有權(quán)】可授權(quán)鉆探（事先要取得同意）The rights of the coastal Stat

35、e over the continental shelf do not depend on occupation, effective or notional, or on any express proclamation.【沿海國對大陸架的權(quán)利不取決 于占領(lǐng)、有效或名義上的占領(lǐng)，也不取決于任何明確的宣告?！繉俳?jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)需要立法明確說明自己的專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)才行，但大陸架是陸地領(lǐng)土的延 伸，不做立法說明也是擁有的。.the rights of the coastal State in respect of the area of continental shelf that constitutes a

36、 natural prolongation of its land territory into and under the sea exist ipso facto and ab initio, by virtue of its sovereignty over the land, and as an extension of it in an exercise of sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring the seabed and exploiting its natural resources. In short, there is

37、 here an inherent right. North Sea Continental Shelf case, ICJ, 1969【的權(quán)利沿海國家的大陸架的面積，構(gòu)成其陸地領(lǐng)土的自然延伸和海底存在事實(shí)上， 從頭開始，由于對土地?fù)碛兄鳈?quán)，作為一個擴(kuò)展的一個行使主權(quán)權(quán)利為目的的探索海底 和開發(fā)大陸架的自然資源。簡而言之，這里有一個固有的權(quán)利。北海大陸架案，國際 法院,19694111.2.2 Rights and freedoms of other StatesAll States are entitled to lay submarine cables and pipelines on t

38、he continental shelf（course: subject to the consent of the coastal State）【所有國家都有權(quán)在大陸架鋪設(shè)海底 電纜和管道（當(dāng)然，須經(jīng)沿海國同意）。路線要取得沿海國同意The exercise of the rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf must not infringe or result in any unjustifiable interference with navigation and other rights and freedoms

39、 of other States.【沿海國對大陸架的權(quán)利的行使不得侵犯或?qū)е聦ζ渌麌业暮叫泻推渌?權(quán)利和自由的任何無理干涉?！縏he rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf do not affect the legal status of the superjacent waters or of the air space above those waters. （EEZ or high seas） 【沿海國對大陸 架的權(quán)利不影響上海區(qū)或上海區(qū)的法律地位。（專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)或公?！看昂惋w機(jī)航行飛越自由，不影響上部水域和水域上

40、空的法律地位（要么專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)，要 么是公海）Relationship between EEZ and CS專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)與大陸架Common 共同點(diǎn)for economic purposes為了沿海國的利益（自然資源）sovereign rights and jurisdiction特定事項(xiàng)的主權(quán)性權(quán)利和管轄權(quán)coincidence within 200 miles distance存在定重合differences 不同點(diǎn)a. geographical scope （vertical and horizontal）地理范圍不同，垂直空間（專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū):海床、 底土、上附水域；不超過200海里。大陸架

41、：海床底土；可能自然延伸）b.resources專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)主要關(guān)注生物資源，大陸架更多關(guān)注非生物資源c.nature專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)必須有明確主張，明確立法；大陸架是陸地領(lǐng)土的自然延伸，主權(quán)的自 然延伸，不必主張，自始至終存在High Seas公，Definition定義The provisions of this Part apply to all parts of the sea that are not included in the exclusive economic zone, in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a S

42、tate, or in the archipelagic waters of an archipelagic State ,【本部分的規(guī)定適用于不屬于專屬經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)、領(lǐng)?；蛞粐鴥?nèi) 水、或群島國群島水域的所有海域?！坎话▽俳?jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)、內(nèi)水、領(lǐng)海、群島水域的水域?yàn)楣＃磿隙x）mineral resource in the seabed and subsoil international seabed area regime （Part XI） 【海底 和底土礦產(chǎn)資源：國際海底區(qū)域制度（第十一部分）Freedom of the high seas （公海自由）MeaningNo State may

43、 validly purport to subject any part of the high seas to its sovereignty.The high seas are open to all States.【任何國家不得有效地宣稱對公海的任何部分擁有主權(quán)。bo公海對所有國家開放?！咳魏螄也坏谜加?，對所有國家開放Contents航行、飛越、鋪設(shè)海底管道和電纜、建設(shè)人工島嶼、結(jié)構(gòu)和設(shè)施、科學(xué)研究自由（非窮盡性 的規(guī)定）freedom of navigation;freedom of overflight;freedom to lay submarine cables and pip

44、elines;freedom to construct artificial islands and other installations permitted under international law;freedom of fishing;freedom of scientific research.【航行自由，飛越自由，鋪設(shè)海底電纜、管道的自由；（d）建造人工島和國際法允許的其他設(shè) 施的自由；捕魚自由；科學(xué)研究自由?！孔⑨專篒為其他國家可享有的權(quán)利，空白為沿海國家享有的權(quán)利內(nèi)水領(lǐng)海EEZ/大陸架公海航行飛越管/纜漁業(yè)人工島嶼科學(xué)研究non-exhaustive listRestric

45、tions 限制Freedom of the high seas is exercised under the conditions laid down by this Convention and by other rules of international law.These freedoms shall be exercised by all States with due regard for the interests of other States in their exercise of the freedom of the high seas, and also with d

46、ue regard for the rights under this Convention with respect to activities in the Area.The high seas shall be reserved for peaceful purposes.【公海自由是在本公約和其他國際法規(guī)則規(guī)定的條件下行使的。bo所有國家行使這些自由 時，應(yīng)適當(dāng)考慮到其他國家在行使公海自由時的利益，并適當(dāng)考慮到本公約規(guī)定的在“區(qū) 域”活動方面的權(quán)利。co公海應(yīng)留作和平用途。】公海漁業(yè)自由非絕對的，與其他國家有合作義務(wù)。捕魚需遵守一定政策應(yīng)當(dāng)顧及其他國家的利益（eg捕魚擋航道）應(yīng)用于和平

47、目的（公海上核試驗(yàn)，在公海上攻擊其他國家）Jurisdiction on the high seas12.2.4Exclusive jurisdiction of flag state （船旗國專屬管轄）Save in exceptional cases expressly provided for in international treaties or in thisConvention, a ship shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the flag state on the high seas.【除國際條約或本公約明文

48、規(guī)定的例外情況外，船舶在公海上應(yīng)受船旗國的專屬管 轄?！縒arships and ships used only on government non-commercial service on the high seas have complete immunity from the jurisdiction of any State other than the flag State,【只在公;每上用 于政府非商業(yè)性服務(wù)的軍艦和船舶完全不受船旗國以外的任何國家管轄。】軍艦和政府船舶不存在例外Nationality of ships/3舶國籍Ships have the nationality

49、 of the State whose flag they are entitled to fly.【由3有自具有其有權(quán)懸掛 其國旗的國家的國籍。】船懸掛哪個國家的國旗就有哪個國家的國籍。There must exist a genuine link between the State and the ship.國家和船之間必須存在真正的 聯(lián)系?！康枰姓鎸?shí)有效的聯(lián)系。船主應(yīng)當(dāng)是船旗國的國民。flag of convenience （方便旗）降低成本運(yùn)營而懸掛某國旗幟。如巴拿馬。（問題：不進(jìn)行管 理，不能有效管理也不能有效承擔(dān)國家責(zé)任）A ship which sails under the

50、 flags of two or more States, using them according to convenience一 may be assimilated to a ship without nationality.【船舶在兩個或兩個以上國家的旗幟下航行， 并根據(jù)需要使用它們，可以被視為無國籍船舶?！恳凰掖瑧覓於鄧鞄?，則會被視為無國 籍，在公海上可被任意國家逮捕12.2.5 Exceptions to the exclusivity of flag-state jurisdiction 例夕卜Piracy （海盜罪）:universal jurisdiction 海盜:普遍管

51、轄權(quán)在公海上，對海盜等可進(jìn)行普遍性管轄，所有國家都可進(jìn)行打擊管理。（打擊海盜的只能是 政府/軍用船舶和飛機(jī)，民用只能進(jìn)行正當(dāng)防衛(wèi)）。為了打擊索馬里海盜Unauthorized broadcasting from the high seas （公海上未經(jīng)許可的廣播）海盜電臺flag State of the ship船旗國the State of registry of the installation登t己國the State of which the person is a nationalany State where the transmissions can be received收至U廣播的國家any State where authorized radio communication is suffering interference【船舶的船旗國；登記國；這個人是一個國家的國民；可以接收傳輸?shù)娜魏螄?；?何經(jīng)過授權(quán)的無線電通信都受到干擾】Transport of slaves （奴隸販運(yùn)）/Illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropicsubstances （非法販運(yùn)麻醉藥品或精神調(diào)理物質(zhì)）即毒品obligation to cooperation船旗國有義務(wù)進(jìn)行管轄，其他國家要求時，船旗國有合作義務(wù)進(jìn)