高中英語外研版高中必修1Module7Revision-句子成分復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)

1、句子成分分析教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)【目標(biāo)要求】學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)了解英語句子成分學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)了解并掌握常用句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)語和狀語學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)能夠簡單的判斷英語簡單句的成分并能夠正確地寫出句子?！具^程方法】預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)航預(yù)習(xí)前，請(qǐng)先思考以下問題：Q：英語中，一個(gè)句子中有哪些主要成分？這些成分分別由什么來充當(dāng)？試試看，你能正確劃分以下句子的成分嗎？定義：句子成分組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫句子成分，句子成分反映的是各類詞在句子中的關(guān)系 （區(qū)分詞性：詞性是單詞的具體屬性，不可更改）分類：句子成分主要有六種：主語，謂語，表語，賓語，定語和狀語還有其他的補(bǔ)語、同位語，插入語等1主語定義：表示句子說的是什么人或什么事。通常由名詞

2、、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、名詞化的形容詞、動(dòng)名詞、句子或it做形式主語擔(dān)任。指出下列句子中的主語Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.Whether they will come or not depends on the weather.The young should respect the old. Four plus four is eight.什么情況下用it作形式主語？當(dāng)不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句在某個(gè)句子中作主語時(shí)

3、，為保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無詞義。1) It is wrong to tell a lie. 2) It is no use arguing about it. 2謂語定義：說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語擔(dān)任。（1）簡單謂語：由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成 （2）復(fù)合謂語：由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞” “系動(dòng)詞+表語”構(gòu)成 WestudyEnglish.HelivesinShanghai.3表語定義：說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞之后。由名詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，或從句擔(dān)任。指出

4、下列句子中的表語My father is a professor. Whos that? Its me. Everything here is expensive. The match became very exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others.Three times five is fifteen.His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. His hobbyis playing

5、 football.Time is up. The class is over.4賓語定義：表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。賓語種類： （1）單賓語 （2）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）， 例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（3）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補(bǔ)），賓語與補(bǔ)足語之間具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 例如：They elected him their monitor.指出下列句子中的賓語They saw an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to scho

6、ol on time.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.He pretended not to see me.I enjoy listening to popular music.I think（that）he is fit for his office.5定語定義：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。單詞作定語時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前；短語和從句作定語時(shí)則放在它所修飾的名詞之后。 修飾或限定名詞或代詞的，由形容詞，代詞，不

7、定式，動(dòng)名詞，或從句擔(dān)任。指出下列句子中的定語Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country; America is a developed country. There are thirty women teachers is our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.The teaching plan for next term has be

8、en worked out.He is reading an article about how to learn English.6補(bǔ)語定義：補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的，由形容詞，名詞，代詞擔(dān)任。（英語有些及物動(dòng)詞，除了要有賓語之外，還要加上賓語補(bǔ)足語，才能使句子的意義完整。）指出下列句子中的補(bǔ)語His father named him Dongming.They painted their boat white.Let the fresh air in.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the r

9、oom.We found everything in the lab in good order.We will soon make our city what your city is now.7狀語定義：修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子的。通常由副詞，不定式，分詞或從句擔(dān)任。指出下列句子中的狀語The best fish swim near the bottom. I left the village five years ago. I arrived late because of the traffic jam .Well send a car to fetch you. The fi

10、sh can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bonesThe students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.If he goes, so will I . Though he is a child, he knows a lot.8同位語：對(duì)前面的名詞，代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，由名詞，形容詞擔(dān)任。Thisis,ourheadmaster.9插入語：對(duì)一句話做一些附加性的解釋。Tobehonest,Idontagreewithyou.探究釋疑一、主語主語是句子陳述的對(duì)象，說明是誰或什

11、么。表示句子說的是什么人或“什么事”。主語是執(zhí)行句子的行為或動(dòng)作的主體，如“我寫字”中的“我”，就是主語，它做出“寫”這個(gè)動(dòng)作?！皩憽眲t是謂語，而“字”是接受謂語“寫”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，它因此被稱為賓語,名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動(dòng)名詞,不定式,從句等做主語例子:1.名詞做主語：Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhouse.2.動(dòng)名詞做主語:Seeingisbelieving.3.動(dòng)詞不定式做主語:Todosuchajobneedmoreknowledge.4.從句做主語:WhatImeanistoworkharder.二、謂語謂語是對(duì)主語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的陳述或說明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或

12、“怎么樣”.謂語動(dòng)詞的位置一般在主語之后。謂語動(dòng)詞一般由動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)來體現(xiàn)。例如：I（like）walking.我喜歡走路。(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主動(dòng)語態(tài))Imadeyourbirthdaycake（lastnight）.昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。(一般過去時(shí)主動(dòng)語態(tài))Itisusedbytravelersandbusiness（peopleallovertheworld）.全世界旅行者和商人都使用它(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài))復(fù)合謂語可分為兩種情況：第一種是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞+不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成的重復(fù)謂語：Whatdoesthiswordmean?這個(gè)單詞是什么意思？Youdbettercatcha

13、bus.你最好乘坐公交車。第二種是由系動(dòng)詞+表語構(gòu)成的復(fù)合謂語。例如：Youlookthesame.你(們)看起來一樣.Theweathergetswarmer,andthedaysgetlonger.天氣變的暖了,日子變的長了.三、賓語賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來擔(dān)任。當(dāng)然,也可以由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng),稱之為賓語從句,所以一個(gè)句子中不一定只有一個(gè)賓語.英語的及物動(dòng)詞后必須有賓語。賓語一般放及物動(dòng)詞之后，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做什么。說明，除及物動(dòng)詞有賓語之外，英語介詞后面也要有賓語。另外，某些形容詞如worth,careful等后也可

14、有賓語。賓語有直接賓語和間接賓語之分。即指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語，這兩個(gè)賓語統(tǒng)稱為雙賓語。Myparentsboughtmeacomputer.我父母給我買了一臺(tái)電腦。(me是間接賓語，computer是直接賓語)Sheisplayingthepianonow.她正在彈鋼琴。（名詞作賓語）Wealllikehim.（代詞作賓語）Givemefour.(數(shù)詞作賓語)Weallliketogotoschool.（不定式togotoschool作like的賓語。school作to的賓語）Wealllikeswimming.（動(dòng)名詞作賓語）Ithinkheisright.（賓語從句作賓語）Hea

15、skedmewhatIwasthinkingaboutatthatmoment.(me作asked的賓語，heaskedme由what疑問代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作賓語)Thebookisworthreading.(形容詞worth可有賓語)四、表語表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句來充當(dāng)，它常位于系動(dòng)詞（be,become,appear,seem等）之后。一.名詞作表語Africaisabigcontinent.非洲是個(gè)大洲。Thatremainsisapuzzletome.這對(duì)我還是個(gè)難題。二.代詞作表語What

16、syourfaxnumber?你的傳真號(hào)是多少？Whosyourbestfriend?你最好的朋友是誰？三.形容詞作表語Ifeelmuchbettertoday.我今天感覺好多了。四.數(shù)詞作表語Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.她是第一個(gè)知道的人。五.不定式或ing形式作表語Herjobissellingcomputers.她的工作是銷售電腦。Ournextstepwastogetrawmaterialsready.我們下一步是把原料準(zhǔn)備好。六.介詞短語作表語Thepatientisoutofdanger.病人脫險(xiǎn)了。Idontfeelatease.我感到不自在。七.副詞作表語Thesunisup.太陽升起來了。Imustbeoffnow.現(xiàn)在我得走了。八.從句作表語Thisiswhathesaid.這就是他所說的話。不定式作表語作表語的不定式