醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)英語資料：microbiology

1、Microbiology The microbiology section of the laboratory performs tests and procedures that will isolate and identify causative agents of infectious diseases. The majority of cluture and identification studies for bacterial species are performed in the bacteriology section.檢驗科的微生物室進(jìn)行感染性疾病致病因子的分離鑒定工作。

2、 Paratises, fungi, mycobacteria and viruses are isolated and identified in the respectively areas. In bacteriology, culture and identification studies of organisms that cause common bacterial infections, such as streptococcal pharyngitis, bacterial pneumonia, urinary tract infections and bacteremia,

3、 are performed.寄生蟲，真菌，分枝桿菌與病毒在各自的領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行分離鑒定。在微生物科室，進(jìn)行常見細(xì)菌感染，如鏈球菌性咽炎，細(xì)菌性肺炎，尿道感染和菌血癥的致病菌培養(yǎng)與鑒定。To recover and isolate the suspected pathogens, the microbiologist uses several types of culture media. Culture media such as sheep blood agar and chocolate agar support most of the common bacterial species. Ce

4、rtain types of media, such as MacConkey agar,為了恢復(fù)與分離可疑致病菌，微生物學(xué)家需使用幾種不同培養(yǎng)基。羊血與巧克力瓊脂培養(yǎng)基可以用于大多數(shù)細(xì)菌。一些特殊的培養(yǎng)基有麥康凱瓊脂。 contain nutrients theat will provide the growth requirements for the pathogens but will inhibit certain bacterial species, whiles others may contain chemical substances that will help disti

5、nguish certain groups of organisms, usually the pathogens, from nonpathogenic species. These different types of culture media are particularly useful in working with samples that come from body sites (e.g., the respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract) that are colonized with normal bacterial flo

6、ra. Normal bacterial florae are organisms that exist indigenously at certain body sites in healthy individuals. 這些不同類型的培養(yǎng)基在處理源于人體不同部位（如呼吸道或消化道）的標(biāo)本時特別有用，在這些人體不同部位都有正常的菌群寄生。 These organisms, under normal conditions, do not cause disease; rather, they serve as a protective mechanism against potentially

7、 harmful species. Distinguishing the normal indigenous flora from the true pathogens is challenging for the clinical laboratory practitioner. 這些微生物，在正常狀況下并不致病，還可以作為潛在有害菌的防御機(jī)制。如何區(qū)分正常固有菌群與真正的病原菌對臨床檢驗人員是個大挑戰(zhàn)（難題）。Once the potential pathogen is isolated, biochemical tests are set up to identify the speci

8、es. Currently, automated instruments for identification are commonly used in most laboratories. in addition to identifying the bacterial organism, antibiotic susceptibility studies are also performed on each bacterial species.一旦分離到病原菌，就需要進(jìn)行生化分析。目前，在大多數(shù)微生物科室，都使用自動化儀器進(jìn)行鑒定。除了鑒定之外，還要對每一種細(xì)菌進(jìn)行藥敏試驗。 Antibi

9、otic susceptibility studies determine which antibiotics would be most effective in killing or suppressing the growth and multiplication of the identified pathogen. It usually takes 24 to 48 hours to complete identification and susceptibility testing of suspected pathogens.Pharyngitis：咽炎pneumonia: 肺炎

10、Flora: 菌叢fastidious: 難養(yǎng)的Mycobacteriology：分支桿菌學(xué)mycology: 真菌學(xué)Herpes： 皰疹simplex: 單純的, 單一的Blister: 水皰; 皰疹 Sore: 疼痛的, 疼痛發(fā)炎的Entamoeba: (pl. entamoebas-z, entamoebae -bi:)(=endamoeba)內(nèi)變形蟲屬, 內(nèi)阿米巴屬Giardia: 賈第鞭毛蟲屬Diarrheal：腹瀉的 taenia: 【動】絳蟲Streptococcal:鏈狀球菌的, 鏈球菌所導(dǎo)致的Agar： 瓊脂，細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)基 Macconkey： 麥康基瓊脂Susceptibil

11、ity: 感受性, 易感性, 敏感性(to);tapeworm: 絳蟲 pinworm: 蟯蟲 protozoan: (=protozoon) 原生物, Microbiologyendotoxin 內(nèi)毒素 capsule 莢膜 Escherichia埃希氏菌屬enteropathogenic E.coli 致病性大腸桿菌 Shigella志賀氏菌屬 dysentery痢疾 liquid media loop swab streak methyl-red 甲基紅 Salmonella 沙門氏菌屬 bipolar staining 兩極染色staphylococcus 葡萄球菌 gram-positive cocci革蘭氏陽性球菌Microbiology streptococcus 鏈球菌 semi-transparent 半透明Neisseria 奈瑟菌屬 subacu