高考英語人教版選修7Unit1《Living well》知識與要點

1、話題Disability；Life of disabled people(殘疾；殘疾人的生活)功能Wishes and congratulations(祝愿和祝賀)語法Revise the Infinitive(復(fù)習(xí)動詞不定式)重點單詞disability，disabled，ambition，beneficial，clumsy，adapt，suitable，annoy，annoyed，conduct，companion，resign，congratulate，access，accessible，adequate，dignity，approval重點短語in other words，cross

2、out，adapt to，out of breath，all in all，sit around，as well as，in many ways，make fun of，never mind，all the best，meet with重點句型1.I used to climb trees，swim and play football.2Every time I returned after an absence，I felt stupid because I was behind the others.3As well as going to the movies and football

3、matches with my friends，I spend a lot of time with my pets.4Just accept them for who they are，and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.5I read in the newspaper today that you are to be the architect for the new Bankstown cinema.1disability n傷殘；無力；無能歸納拓展與disability有關(guān)的詞匯：(

4、1)able adj.有能力的；能夠的；能干的ability n能力；能耐；本領(lǐng)(2)unable adj.不能的indisability n無能(3)disable vt.使喪失能力；使殘疾；使不能正常運轉(zhuǎn)disabled adj.有殘疾的；喪失能力的the disabled殘疾人；傷殘者She manages to lead a normal life in spite of her disabilities.盡管身有殘疾，她仍然努力像正常人一樣生活。Our ability to think and speak separates us from other mammals.思維和說話的能

5、力使我們有別于其他哺乳動物。His disability prevents him from doing the job.他的殘疾使他無法做這項工作。The burglars gained entry to the building after disabling the alarm.竊賊破壞報警器后便得以進(jìn)入大樓。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】As his disease has _ him，Hawking has to sit in his wheelchair and speak through a computer.Adisabled Bunabled Cabled Denable【解析】句意為：因為他

6、的病使他致殘，霍金不得不坐在輪椅上并且通過計算機(jī)來演講。disable v“使喪失能力，使傷殘”，符合題意。unable和able都是形容詞，后可接帶to的不定式，用在此處不正確；enable v“使能夠，使可能”，與題意不符，故被排除?！敬鸢浮緼2adapt vt.&vi.(使)適應(yīng)，(使)適合；改編；改造，改裝歸納拓展(1)adapt (oneself) to.使自己適應(yīng)或習(xí)慣于(其中to是介詞)adapt.to.使某物適應(yīng)、適合adapt sth.for sth.把改編成adapt.from.根據(jù)改編歸納拓展(2)adaptable adj.適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的；可修改的adaption n改編；

7、適應(yīng)，改寫本(3)adapted adj.適合的；改編的be adapted from根據(jù)改編，改寫be adapted for.為改編/寫；被改編成誘導(dǎo)展望adapt 與 adopt 僅有一個字母之差，要注意它們含義的區(qū)別：adapt vt. 使適應(yīng)；改編adopt vt. 采用，采納；收養(yǎng)；正式通過We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.我們不得不很快適應(yīng)新制度。Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.這些工具多數(shù)已經(jīng)過特別改裝

8、，供殘疾人使用。Some animals can adapt themselves to the change of climate quickly.有些動物可以很快適應(yīng)氣候的變化。The play is adapted from a short story.該劇由一篇短篇故事改編而來。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】The world will be different，and we will have to be prepared to _ the change.Aadapt to Badopt to Capply to Ddevote to【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意為：這個世界將會與眾不同，我們不得不準(zhǔn)

9、備好去適應(yīng)這種變化。adapt to“使適應(yīng)”；add to“增加”；apply to“適用于”；devote to“奉獻(xiàn)”，故符合題意的只有A項?！敬鸢浮緼The speaker was _ girl and she _ her speech to the interest of the children.Aadaptable；adapted Ban adaptable；adaptedCadaptable；adapt Dan adaptation；adapted【解析】此處用adaptable修飾girl，意為“適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的”；后面應(yīng)用adapt.to.“使適應(yīng)/迎合”。后半句句意為：她使自己

10、的演講迎合了孩子們的興趣?！敬鸢浮緽(3)annoyance n惱怒，煩惱，煩擾，不高興；煩惱的事情annoying adj.使人不高興的，惱人的，使煩惱的annoyed adj.惱怒的；煩惱的It really annoys me when you dont listen to what Im saying.你不聽我說話真的讓我很生氣。I was annoyed with myself for giving in so easily.我氣我自己那么輕易就讓步了。Everyone is annoyed by the amount of traffic in the city.大家都為城市擁擠的

11、交通感到煩惱。同類辨析annoy，bother，disturb與trouble(1)annoy指由于干擾、不順利或受不了某種外界情況等而“煩惱，懊惱”，多指一時的打擾或惱怒。(2)bother指不停地“擾亂，麻煩”，使人不能安寧而產(chǎn)生煩惱的心理。(3)disturb較正式用語，多用于被動語態(tài)。指擾亂，使人不能平靜或妨礙別人工作、思維或正常秩序，是程度較深的煩惱。(4)trouble指給人在行動上帶來不便或在身心上造成痛苦。Im annoyed that he didnt show up when he said he would come.他說好要來卻沒來，這令我很生氣。Pardon me f

12、or bothering you with such a small matter.請原諒我為這點小事麻煩你。If you get up early，try not to disturb someone else.你如果起得早，盡量不要打擾別人。The problem has been bothering me for weeks.那個問題已經(jīng)困擾了我好幾個星期?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】The kids wouldnt stop talking，and I was beginning to get _ with them.Aannoying BannoyedCto annoy Dannoy【解析】get

13、annoyed“變得惱火”。句意為：孩子們不停地說話，我對他們開始有點惱火了?！敬鸢浮緽She was _ that he had not answered her letter.Abothered BinterruptedCinterfered Dannoyed【解析】annoy 意為“使煩惱”；bother 意為“打擾，使人不安寧”，重在指“不斷”；interrupt 意為“打斷”，指在談話或做事過程中被打斷；interfere“干涉，妨礙”。句意為：她因為他未回信而感到煩惱?！敬鸢浮緿4conduct vt.引導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)，指揮，實施，管理，傳導(dǎo)nU行為，品行；指導(dǎo)，經(jīng)營歸納拓展(1)con

14、duct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey進(jìn)行實驗/詢問/調(diào)查conduct a concert指揮音樂會/out領(lǐng)某人進(jìn)來/出去conduct oneself舉止，表現(xiàn)自己(2)under the conduct of在指導(dǎo)/管理下Copper conducts electricity better than other materials do.銅的導(dǎo)電性能優(yōu)于其他材料。The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.導(dǎo)游引領(lǐng)我們游覽了古城廢墟。He conducted himself

15、 far better than expected.他表現(xiàn)得比預(yù)料的要好得多。The government conducted a research into the river pollution.政府對河流污染進(jìn)行了一次調(diào)查。His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Why has his fellow students _ changed towards Marty?Aconducts BconductCconduction Dconductor【解析】conduct此處意為“行為，品行”，是不可數(shù)名詞；conduction“傳導(dǎo)”

16、；conductor“指揮，售票員”。【答案】B(3)resignation n聽從；辭職，辭呈hand in ones resignation遞交辭呈You must resign yourself to waiting a bit longer.你們得耐心地多等一會兒。He resigned as manager after eight years.八年后，他辭去了經(jīng)理的職務(wù)。Two members resigned from the board in protest.董事會的兩名成員辭職以示抗議。We had to resign ourselves to making a loss on

17、 the sale.我們只好接受銷售造成的虧損。His father will hand in his resignation.他的父親將要提交辭呈?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】He has _ himself _ the possibility that he may never see her again.Aresigned；不填 Bresigned；fromCresigned；to Dresignation；to【解析】resign oneself to.意為“接受，順從”；resign (from) 意為“辭職”。句意為：他已經(jīng)接受了他可能再也見不到她的可能性?！敬鸢浮緾After a number

18、of disagreements with the committee，the chairman decided to _.Aretire Bretreat Cwithdraw Dresign【解析】retire 意為“退休”；retreat 意為“后退”；withdraw 意為“撤退”；resign 意為“辭職”。句意為：和委員會數(shù)次意見不合后，主席決定辭職?！敬鸢浮緿6congratulate vt.祝賀；慶祝歸納拓展(1)congratulate sb.on (doing) sth.祝賀某人(做)某事congratulate oneself on(doing)sth.感到自豪；暗自慶幸；

19、為自己高興(2)congratulation n祝賀Congratulations！恭喜你！offer/send ones congratulations to sb.on sth.向某人祝賀某事You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.你應(yīng)該為你自己出色的工作感到自豪。I got an A in the test.我考試得了個A。Congratulations！恭喜你！同類辨析congratulate與celebrate(1)congratulate vt.祝賀，慶賀，一般用人作賓語常用于congratulat

20、e sb.on sth.，意為“祝賀某人某事”。(2)celebrate vt.慶祝，常指舉行盛大隆重的慶祝儀式或紀(jì)念有意義的日子或時刻，后直接加事物(如節(jié)目、勝利、成功等)作賓語。I will congratulate you on (upon) your success.我預(yù)祝你成功。We had a party to celebrate parents silver wedding.我們舉行宴會慶祝父母的銀婚紀(jì)念日。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】We _ him on his birthday and held a party to _ it.Acongratulate；celebrate Bceleb

21、rate；congratulateCcongratulated；celebrated Dcongratulated；celebrate【解析】句意為：我們給他祝賀生日，并舉辦宴會慶祝。根據(jù)congratulate(congratulate sb. on sth.)和celebrate(celebrate sth.)的用法，可排除B；根據(jù)時態(tài)和句法，可排除A和C。【答案】D7access n. 通路；訪問，入口 歸納拓展(1)give access to 接近，準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入have/gain/get/obtain access to. 接見，會見，有權(quán)進(jìn)入，擁有的機(jī)會the access to.進(jìn)入

22、的通道(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可使用的，可進(jìn)入的be accessible to.能接近；可使用The only access to the town is across the bridge.到鎮(zhèn)上唯一的通道是經(jīng)過這座橋。20% of the people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water.地球上20%的人喝不到干凈的飲用水。A manager should be accessible to his staff.經(jīng)理應(yīng)該讓職工感到平易近人。The documents are not accessib

23、le to the public.公眾無法看到這些文件。【鏈接訓(xùn)練】For professional athletes，_to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books.Aappeal Battachment Caccess Dapproach【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意為：對于專業(yè)運動員來說，能夠參加奧林匹克運動會意味著他們有機(jī)會被載入史冊。access to“進(jìn)入”，符合題意。attachment“附加”；appeal“請求”；approach“方法，接近”?！敬鸢浮緾The people li

24、ving here are _ to the swimming pool.Apredictable BpossibleCdue Daccessible【解析】be accessible to sth.意為“可以使用/利用某物”，為固定搭配。A、B兩項搭配不正確，be due to意為“由于”，不合題意。句意為：居住在這兒的人們可以使用這個游泳池?！敬鸢浮緿Like some of my classmates，I cannot live up to my teachers expectations，in other words，I let them down.像我一些同學(xué)一樣，我沒能達(dá)到老師的期

25、望，換句話說，我讓他們失望了。Its not necessary to translate the sentences word for word.沒有必要逐詞翻譯句子。Please believe me.Ill keep my word.請相信我，我決不食言?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】，he had to find another job instead.AIn a word BIn other wordsCIn the word DIn words【解析】in other words“換句話說”，為固定短語。句意為：他決定辭職，換句話說，他不得不去找另一份工作。【答案】BOur monitor is o

26、rganized，easygoing，hard，I cant speak too highly of him.AIn other words BIn a wordCOn the other hand DAs a result【解析】in a word 意為“總之，一句話”，符合題意。in other words 意為“換句話說”；on the other hand 意為“另一方面”；as a result 意為“結(jié)果”。句意為：我們的班長富有組織能力，容易相處，勤奮又聰明。總之，我怎樣夸他都不為過?！敬鸢浮緽2out of breath上氣不接下氣歸納拓展(1)hold ones breath

27、屏住呼吸lose ones breath喘不過氣來(2)out of cash錢用光了out of control失控out of date過期out of fashion過時，不再流行out of order出毛病out of work失業(yè)out of patience不能忍受out of question沒問題；無疑；毫無疑問out of the question不可能的；辦不到的I was out of breath after running for the bus.我因為追公共汽車，累得上氣不接下氣。He held his breath while the results were

28、read out.宣讀結(jié)果時，他屏住了呼吸。This medicine is out of date.這藥已經(jīng)過期了。You cant go to the wedding party in that old shirtits quite out of the question.你不能穿著那件舊襯衣去參加婚禮這是絕對不行的?！炬溄佑?xùn)練】Mum，I am going to attend a wedding of a friends tomorrow，but I cant find the suitable clothes.Yes，such clothes are out of _ now.Why

29、not buy a new one after work?Adate Buse Csight Dreach【解析】根據(jù)答句句意可知“這種衣服現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)過時了”，故選擇A項，out of date“過時，不再流行”。out of use “不再使用，廢棄不用”；out of sight“看不見”；out of reach“夠不著”?！敬鸢浮緼3I used to climb trees，swim and play football.我過去常爬樹、游泳、踢足球。歸納拓展(1)used to do表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但現(xiàn)在已不再發(fā)生或存在，后接動詞原形；(2)be used to (d

30、oing)sth.習(xí)慣于，be有多種時態(tài)，可用get或become替換，主語一般是指人；(3)be used to do“被用來做某事”。use為及物動詞，表示“使用”，是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，主語一般是物；There used to be a bus stop on the corner.在那個拐角曾經(jīng)有一個公共汽車站。Im not used to living here.我還不習(xí)慣住在這兒。Coal can be used to produce power.煤能用來發(fā)電 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】Im used to _ in the house which_ to keep books and magazines

31、.Aliving；used Blive；was usedClive；used Dliving；was used【解析】空一考查be used to的用法，意為：“習(xí)慣于做”，其中to是介詞，后跟名詞或動名詞；空二考查use被動式，意為“被用作”?！敬鸢浮緿動詞不定式動詞不定式是三種非謂語動詞形式之一，具有非常重要的作用和意義。一、動詞不定式的句法功能不定式在句中不能獨立作謂語，但在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語和狀語，還可作賓語補(bǔ)足語和主語補(bǔ)足語。1作主語動詞不定式作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。To see is to believe.眼見為實。當(dāng)作主語的不定式短語較長時，常用形式主語it來代替

32、。不定式和動名詞都可用作句子的主語，含義基本一樣。但表示具體、特指的動作時，用不定式更多見；表示抽象、泛指的動作時，用動名詞更多見。It is right to give up smoking.戒煙是對的。2作表語(1)直接放在be動詞之后，起解釋說明的作用。My idea is to send him a telegraph.我的想法是給他發(fā)一封電報。(2)位于seem，appear，remain，prove等系動詞之后。而become，sound，taste等系動詞后面一般不接不定式作表語。The method proved to be highly effective.這個方法被證明是非

33、常有效的。注意：不定式和動名詞作表語含義基本一樣。具體的、特指的事情多用不定式；習(xí)慣的、泛指的事情多用動名詞。3作賓語部分動詞 (短語) 后面只能接不定式作賓語。常見的有agree，arrange，ask，dare，decide，demand，expect，fail，hope，learn，manage，offer，plan，promise，pretend，refuse，want，wish，should (would) like (love)等。They arranged to go swimming the following day.他們準(zhǔn)備第二天去游泳。不定式還可跟在某些形容詞后面作賓語，

34、如 glad，sure，able，sorry，free 等。You are free to go or stay.去或留都隨你便。注意：常用句型“主語v.itadj./n.to do sth.”。其中，it為形式賓語，to do為真正的賓語。能用于這一句型的動詞有：think，find，make，believe，consider，suppose，feel等。The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.樓下的人發(fā)覺很難入睡。4作定語不定式作定語通常置于所修飾的詞之后。從時間上看，不定式作定語通常表示一個未發(fā)生的動作。(1)從邏輯關(guān)系

35、上看，與不定式所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。We need someone to help with the typing.我們需要幫忙打字的人。注意：如果名詞前有the first，the last等修飾時，用動詞不定式作定語。She was the first (person) to come.她是第一個來的。(2)與不定式所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。The teacher gave us two exercises to do after class.老師給我們布置了兩個課下做的練習(xí)。注意：當(dāng)不定式作定語與所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系時，如果不定式動詞是不及物動詞，它后面必須接相應(yīng)的介

36、詞。Give me a piece of paper to write on.給我一張紙寫字。(3)與被修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的同位關(guān)系。I have no chance to go abroad.我沒有機(jī)會出國。5作狀語(1)表示目的。直接用不定式或so as to，in order to。in order to 可放在句首，so as to 不可。動詞不定式作狀語可放在句首，使其所表示的目的更突出。To learn English well，he works hard at it.為了學(xué)好英語，他努力學(xué)習(xí)。(2)表示結(jié)果。更常見于so.as to，such.as to，enough to結(jié)

37、構(gòu)中，only接不定式也常表示結(jié)果。We rushed to the airport，only to find the plane had already taken off.我們匆忙趕往機(jī)場，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)飛機(jī)早已起飛了。注意：表示結(jié)果有時可用 too.to (太而不能)的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示結(jié)果辦不到。但如果 too 后為anxious，eager，willing，ready等，沒有否定含義。另外在 to 前加 not 也表示肯定。We were too excited to sleep that night.那天晚上我們激動得無法入睡。(3)表示原因。用在作表語的某些表示情感的形容詞或過去分詞后面，說

38、明產(chǎn)生某種情緒的原因或是在哪方面存在謂語所表示的情況等。Im glad to hear the news.聽到這個消息我很高興。6作賓語補(bǔ)足語動詞不定式作其他成分，表示這一動作幾乎都沒有發(fā)生，有將來時的意思，但作賓語補(bǔ)足語有兩種，一是有將來時的意思，表示這一動作沒有發(fā)生，二是整個動作已經(jīng)完成。常見的可以用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：ask，tell，invite，force，want，wish，tell，teach，get，beg，allow，forbid，encourage，advise，persuade等。The teacher invited the famous scientist t

39、o give us a report.老師邀請那位著名科學(xué)家給我們作一個報告。注意：動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語在感觀動詞和使役動詞后，不定式符號to在主動語態(tài)句型中要省略。這些動詞有 see，watch，notice，observe，look at，hear，listen to，feel，have，let，make等。但在被動語態(tài)中要還原不定式符號to。I saw him go upstairs.我看見他上了樓。(整個動作結(jié)束)He made the students finish the exercises in class.他讓學(xué)生們在課堂上把練習(xí)做完。7作主語補(bǔ)足語作主語補(bǔ)足語的用法同賓語補(bǔ)足語大致相同。只是謂語動詞為被動式，且不能省略 to。The students were made to finish the exercises in class.學(xué)生們被要求在課堂上把練習(xí)做完。二、動詞不定式的否定式動詞不定式的否定式由 not/neverto do 構(gòu)成，另外還有 in order not to do，so as not to do。I told him not to do it.我讓他別那樣做的。Father warned me never to drive after drinking.父親警告我不要酒后開車。(3)進(jìn)行式的動作發(fā)生在與謂語動詞