初三英語(yǔ)期中下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、初三英語(yǔ)期中下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn).初三英語(yǔ)期中下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)介詞by的用法 / -f-rfry； IfH =-、匚.目為在旁,罪近 OSome are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake.有的在大樹(shù)下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖邊畫(huà)畫(huà)兒。.意為不遲于，到時(shí)為止”。Your son will be all right by supper time.你的兒子在晚飯前會(huì)好的。How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個(gè)學(xué)期末你們已經(jīng)學(xué)了多

2、少首英語(yǔ)歌曲？.表示方法、手段,可譯作靠、用、憑借、通過(guò)、乘 坐”等。The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing. 猴子用尾巴吊在樹(shù)上哈哈大笑。The boy s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.孩子的父親是那么的感激，于是他教爰迪生怎樣通過(guò)鐵路電報(bào)來(lái)傳達(dá)信.表示逐個(gè)，逐批的意思。One by one they went past the table in the dark.

3、他們一個(gè)一個(gè)得在黑暗中經(jīng)過(guò)這張桌子。.表示根據(jù)，按照的意思。What time is it by your watch?你的表幾點(diǎn)了？.和take , hold等動(dòng)詞連用，說(shuō)明接觸身體的某一局部。I took him by the hand.我拉住了他的手。.用于被動(dòng)句中，表示行為主體，常譯作被、由等。English is spoken by many people.英語(yǔ)被許多人說(shuō)。（即許多人講英語(yǔ)。）2.初三英語(yǔ)期中下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、常用連接詞.表文章結(jié)構(gòu)順序：First of all； Firstly/First, Secondly/Second.And then, Finally, In t

4、he end, At last.表并列補(bǔ)充關(guān)系的：What is more, besides.表轉(zhuǎn)折比照關(guān)系的:However, butAlthough + clause （從句）On the one hand. On the other hand. Some. while others.表因果關(guān)系的：Because, As , So, Thus, Therefore； As a result.表?yè)Q一種方式表達(dá):In other words.表進(jìn)行舉例說(shuō)明：For example z句子；For instance ,句子;.表陳述事實(shí):In fact.表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)：In my opinion.

5、表總結(jié)：In a word In summary.文中正確使用兩三個(gè)好的句型，如：賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、動(dòng)名詞 做主語(yǔ)等。）賓語(yǔ)從句舉例:I believe Tianjin will be more beautiful and prosperous.）狀語(yǔ)從句舉例：If everyone does something for the environment, our hometown will become clean and beautiful）動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)舉例:Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes.Its bad for our eyes

6、to read books in the sun.二、常用狀語(yǔ)從句.時(shí)間:when, not.until, as soon as.目的：so that +從句；to do （為了）.結(jié)果：so.that +從句，too.to do （太以至于）.條件：if, unless （除非），as long as （只要）.讓步:though, although, even though, even if , no matter what/when/where/who/which/how6.比擬:as.as., not so.as., than三、重點(diǎn)句型 l.It is said that +句子 據(jù)

7、說(shuō)It is reported that +句子 據(jù)報(bào)道2.There is no need to do 沒(méi)必要做.1ts adj. for sb. to do做對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō).so/suchthat .如此 以至于too . to do太 而不能.not.until.直到才 例:I didnt go to bed until my mother came back.The reason why +句子is that +句子 的原因是.The reason why he got angry was that she told him a lie.(他生 氣的原因是她對(duì)他說(shuō)了謊).That is w

8、hy +句子那是的原因.That is because +句子 那是因?yàn)?as we all know, +句子 據(jù)我們所知ll.it is generally / publicly known / considered that.,眾所周知.初三英語(yǔ)期中下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)句型結(jié)構(gòu)基本概念句型結(jié)構(gòu)基本概念：與漢語(yǔ)相似，英語(yǔ)句子是由主語(yǔ)(subject),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞(verb),賓語(yǔ)(object),表語(yǔ)(predicative),狀語(yǔ)(adverbial),賓語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(objectcomplement)等成分組成，按照這些成分的組合方式英 語(yǔ)句子可分為五種基本句型。復(fù)合句復(fù)合句(Complex Se

9、ntence)由一個(gè)主句(Principal Clause)和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句(Subordinate Clause)構(gòu)成。主句是全句的主體，通?？梢元?dú)立存在;從句那么是一個(gè)句子成分，不能獨(dú)立存在。從句不能單獨(dú)成句，但它也有主語(yǔ)局部和謂語(yǔ)局部，就像一個(gè)句子一樣。所不同在于，從句須由一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞（connective）引導(dǎo)。.初三英語(yǔ)期中下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：賓語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)從句（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)） 例句：Im good at English. He says.（改為加賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句） He says Im good at English.注意：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，

10、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受其影響。例句：He says Im good at English now.He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語(yǔ)從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。例句:He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.He said I was good at English now yesterday.賓語(yǔ)從句是客觀真理時(shí)永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher sa

11、id the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.動(dòng)詞原形不能作主語(yǔ)，必須用其-ing形式。例句:She said helping others changed her life.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：direct speech直接引語(yǔ)reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語(yǔ)first of all = at first 首先pass on傳遞be supposed to do sth.應(yīng)該做某事be good at = do well in在某方面做得好in good health身體健康get over 克服open up翻開(kāi)

12、care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顧not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再have a cold 感冒end-of-year exam 年終考試get nervous變得緊張forget to do sth.忘記做某事（該事未做）forget doing sth.忘記做某事（該事已做）its + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)（加形容詞）.初三英語(yǔ)期中下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式be + Vt.p.p.（一）語(yǔ)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，是用于表示主語(yǔ)和

13、謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（active voice）和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（passive voice）兩種。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：l）Yesterday I parked my car outside the school.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。2)A sound of piano is heard in the hall.(二)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中,謂語(yǔ)局部的結(jié)構(gòu)是be + Vtp.p.(及物動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分 詞)。其中be是變量，隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化;動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是常量， 永遠(yuǎn)不發(fā)生變化。當(dāng)然，這只是指謂語(yǔ)局部而言。be動(dòng)詞作為一個(gè)獨(dú) 立的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

14、詞有自己現(xiàn)在分詞(being)和過(guò)去分詞(been)。那么，下面 我們來(lái)看看be在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的變化形式：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為八種時(shí)態(tài)的 被動(dòng)形式。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為： l)am/is/are + done(過(guò)去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 2)has/have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 3)am/is/are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 4)was/were done 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 5)had been done過(guò)去完成時(shí) 6)was/were being done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 7)shall/will be done 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 8)should/would be done 過(guò)去才

15、各來(lái)時(shí)一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪?，能用主?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)候就盡量不去用被動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài)。只有在以下情況中我們才用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：英語(yǔ)里被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用似乎比漢語(yǔ)要廣泛。英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用在以下 的場(chǎng)合：1)當(dāng)我們不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的時(shí)候，如：l.Look!Therez snothing here.Everything has been taken away.2.My car has been moved!2）當(dāng)我們不必提出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的時(shí)候，如：I was born in 1960.3）當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)或側(cè)重動(dòng)作的承受者的時(shí)候,如：She is liked by everybody.特殊的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)1）帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)

16、構(gòu)：它的1）帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：它的定句式為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +過(guò)去分詞。也有個(gè)別帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞例外，如：ought to和have to z它們的被 動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)就只能在不定式中。例如：The debt must be paid off before next month那筆債務(wù)必須在下個(gè)月前付清。2）帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)將這種主動(dòng)態(tài)的句子完成被動(dòng)態(tài)的句子，可選兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)中的任何一個(gè)作 為被動(dòng)態(tài)句子的主語(yǔ)，而將另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)作為保存賓語(yǔ)寫(xiě)入被動(dòng)態(tài)的 句中。但有一點(diǎn)要說(shuō)明，那就是，如果你選直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，有時(shí) 要在被動(dòng)態(tài)句子的保存賓語(yǔ)前加上合格的介詞。因?yàn)檫@些動(dòng)詞常有 兩種句式,即：我們

17、可以說(shuō)give sb.sth.,send sb.sth.,buy sb.sth;我們 也可以說(shuō) give sth to sbzsend sth to sb buy sth for sbo 請(qǐng)看下面兩 種情況的.對(duì)照：She sent me a novel on my birthday.I was sent a novel on my birthday.A novel was sent to me on my birthday.3）關(guān)于帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)態(tài)如果將帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（既:賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子變成被 動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子,我們只能選擇原來(lái)句子的賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子的主語(yǔ)； 而這時(shí)，原句里的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在就變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子的主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 了。The story made us laugh.（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）We were made to laugh by the story.（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）4）在使役動(dòng)詞have , make , get以及感官動(dòng)詞see , watch , notice , hear , feel , observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定 式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.A stranger w