巧學(xué)英語非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)

1、巧學(xué)英語非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)非謂語 , 顧名思義，就是不作謂語的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)， 主要有 done，doing， to do 的形式1以下兩條“黃金法則”是解決現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞區(qū)別的最 佳方法?！鞍俗址结?” 即“主動(dòng)進(jìn)行；被動(dòng)完成”。 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成?！皟蓚€(gè)參照物 ”句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞 根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞和句子主語的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 可以判斷非謂語 動(dòng)詞的形式； 根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞和謂語動(dòng)詞的先后關(guān)系， 可以判斷非謂 語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。一、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語1動(dòng)名詞作主語Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help

2、you fight pain.笑能幫助你的身體保持健康，甚至能幫你和疼痛作斗爭(zhēng)。It is no use crying over spilt milk.（動(dòng)名詞短語作主語， it 作形式主語 ）覆水難收。2不定式作主語To see is to believe. 眼見為實(shí)。It is important to respect people. （不定式短語作主語， it 作形式主語 ） 尊重別人很重要。二、非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語1動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征。The queens work is laying eggs. 蟻后的工作就是產(chǎn)卵。2不定式作表語時(shí)，說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示將來的

3、 動(dòng)作。His ambition is to go to Harvard University. 他的夢(mèng)想就是上哈佛大學(xué)。三、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語1動(dòng)詞 afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等后要接不定式作賓語。David refused to accept my invitation. 大衛(wèi)拒絕接受我的邀請(qǐng)。2 動(dòng)詞 come, get, grow 后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，意為“逐漸 地”。She has a hot te

4、mper, but you will grow to like her. 她脾氣很急，但你會(huì)漸漸喜歡她的。3動(dòng)詞 admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, resist, suggest等后要接動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語。Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.比爾建議

5、開一個(gè)關(guān)于假期期間為世博會(huì)做些什么的會(huì)議。4動(dòng)詞短語 cant stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote . to, object to, be busy (in), get down to, have difficulty /trouble (in), have a good/ wonderful/hard time (in), have fun 等后要接動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語。（上海高考 ）I had great difficulty finding the suita

6、ble food on the menu in that restaurant.在那個(gè)餐館，我很難從菜單上找到合適的食物。5動(dòng)詞 like, love, prefer, hate, continue 等后接不定式或動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語均可。但表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作要用動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式，表示具體 的行為要用不定式。I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon. 我喜歡游泳，但今天下午不想去。6動(dòng)詞 need, require, want 作“需要”講時(shí)，其后要用動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)或不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作賓語。 與此相同

7、用法的動(dòng)詞還 有 deserve“值得”。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.窗戶需要擦了。7形容詞 worth 后要接動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義， 它不同于 worthy 的用法。The Summer Palace is worth visiting /worthy of being visited/ worthy to be visited.頤和園值得一去。8介詞后一般要接動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式作賓語。 但介詞 but/except 后接 不定式作賓語時(shí)，如前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do，不定式就要省略 to。Upon arriving at

8、 the airport, he delivered an important speech. 剛到機(jī)場(chǎng)，他就發(fā)表了重要演講。He has nothing to do but lie down and sleep. 無事可做，他只能躺下睡覺。9動(dòng)詞 find, feel, think, expect, consider, make等后可接不定式作 賓語，但賓語后要接形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語， 而且要用 it 作形式賓語He found it difficult to work out the problem. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這一問題很難。10可用動(dòng)詞 -ing，也可用不定式作賓語，但意義區(qū)別明顯的

9、動(dòng)詞：to do sth.忘記去做某事 未做forget doing sth.忘記做過某事 已做to do sth.對(duì)即將做的事表示遺憾 未做 regret doing sth.對(duì)做過的事表示后悔 已做to do sth.盡力去做某事try doing sth.試著做某事to do sth.繼續(xù)做另一件事 go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做原來做的事to do sth.記著去做某事 未做rememberdoing sth.記著做了某事 已做to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味著做某事（陜西高考 ）I still remember being taken to t

10、he Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍記得別人帶我去過法門寺，并記得在那里所看到的一切。（安徽高考 ）I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.在離開辦公室前我記住了關(guān)門，但是忘記了關(guān)燈。四、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語 不定式作定語表未做的事情； 動(dòng)詞-ing 形式作定語表示此動(dòng)作與 被修飾詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系； 過去分詞作定語時(shí)表示此動(dòng)作與被修飾詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系或已完成His first book to be published

11、next month is based on a true story. 她下月將要出版的第一本書是以一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事為依據(jù)寫的。 關(guān)鍵一點(diǎn) 表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式，意為 “令人的”；動(dòng)詞 -ed 形式，意為 “（人）感到 的”， 也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的 look， expression, tears, smile, voice等名詞。五、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語（一）不定式作狀語1表示目的We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players.我們搖旗擂鼓吹號(hào)，來鼓勵(lì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員。2表示結(jié)果不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表示出乎

12、意料的結(jié)果， 動(dòng)詞不定式前面常加 only。（山東高考 ）George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.喬治戰(zhàn)后歸來，卻被告知他的妻子已經(jīng)離他而去。（二）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式即 doing 表示動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí) 發(fā)生，與句子的主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式即 having done 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. 看到?jīng)]人在家，她決定給他們留個(gè)條。 （主動(dòng)意義，

13、非謂語動(dòng)詞 的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生 ）Having waited for an hour, he realized he had left his wallet at home. 等了一個(gè)小時(shí)后，他意識(shí)到他把錢包落在了家中。（主動(dòng)意義，非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前 ）（ 重慶高考 ）Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.我那天晚上因?yàn)楸灰蠹影喽e(cuò)過了一場(chǎng)精彩的電影。 （被動(dòng)意義，非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前 ）（三）過去分詞作狀語 過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，

14、與句子主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful. 從山頂上看，這座城市很漂亮。六、非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語 常見的作賓語補(bǔ)足語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式： 動(dòng)詞賓語賓補(bǔ)do sth. 用于 let， make， have 以及感官動(dòng)詞后to do sth. 主動(dòng) /to be done. 被動(dòng)to have done 主動(dòng)，已發(fā)生doing sth. 主動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)進(jìn)行done 被動(dòng)，狀態(tài)或完成being done 被動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行（四川高考 ）I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬頭注意到一條蛇蜿蜒著爬上樹去捕捉它的早餐。關(guān)鍵一點(diǎn)（1）使役動(dòng) 詞 have 和 get 后跟 賓補(bǔ) 的用法； have賓 語do/doing/ done get賓語 to do/doing/ done。感官動(dòng)詞 (see, watch, hear等