高中英語Unit3Grammarandusage牛津譯林版-完整版PPT

1、Unit3 GrammarGrammar and usageVerb-ed formVerb-ed phrasesVerb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectivesVerb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as(充當(dāng)) attribute(定語), predicative(表語) and object complement(賓語補(bǔ)足語)Verb-ed formPlease identify the parts of speech(詞性) of the v

2、erb-ed form in different sentences.1) The handwritten notes are from jack.2) The kidnappers were using a stolen car.3) A dark-haired man went into the room.adjective4)The cake was left untouched on the table.5) The girl lay trapped under the wreckage(船舶殘骸).adverbThe functions of verb-ed form1. attri

3、bute(定語)1)A single verb-ed can appear before a noun modifying the noun like an adjective. It can be changed into an attributive clause.We should drink boiled water.We should drink water which has been boiled.They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.They took the woman who was injur

4、ed to the nearby hospital at once.2) Generally speaking(一般說來), the verb-ed form of transitive verbs(及物動詞) expresses passive meanings while the verb-ed form of intransitive verbs(不及物動詞) expresses active and past meanings. Some verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings, such as escaped, retired

5、and fallen.the escaped criminal逃犯pastthe developed countries發(fā)達(dá)國家pasta widely used languagepassivethe retired scientistpastthe highly praised scientistpassivefallen leaves 落葉pastthe risen sun升起的太陽pastthe exploited classes 被剝削階級passive3) A verb-ed phrase can appear after a noun to modify the noun like

6、 an attributive clause does.The name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.The firemen were trying to rescue the people trapped in the fire.The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.Scientific experiment

7、s carried out by students without the teachers instructions can be dangerous.Scientific experiments which are carried out by4) A verb-ed can be part of a compound(復(fù)合詞) with an adverb or a noun before it.a so-called professorhomemade pizzaa well-accepted ideaa highly-respected professora well-paid jo

8、b一個所謂的教授自制的比薩餅廣泛接受的想法極受尊重的教授報酬頗豐的工作underdeveloped regions不發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)handmade furniture手工制作的家具5) A verb-ed can also be used as a non-restrictive attribute (非限定性定語) which is separated from the noun it modifies by a comma(逗號).The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. The books, whic

9、h were written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. The meeting, which was attended by one thousand students, was a success. 2. predicative (表語) It can be put after some link-verbs (系動詞) such as: be, seem, appear, look, sound

10、,feel, remain, stay, become1) Edison became interested in science when he was very young.2) The little boy was very excited when he heard that he could go to the party.3. Object complement (賓語補(bǔ)足語) It can be used after some verbs such as: see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave,

11、keep 1) As he knows little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood.2) I had my hair cut yesterday.3) She found the door locked.4.A verb-ed can be used after verbs like stand, sit and lie to show that the two actions are happening at the same time.The girl lay in bed lost in thought

12、.The girl lay in bed and was lost in thought.The boy sat at the table buried in his homework.The boy sat at the table and was buried in his homework.Key for Exercise A : (1) disappointed (2) puzzled (3) excited (4) interested (5) boredKey for Exercise B:2.The problems created by cloning will soon be

13、 clear.3.We dont want beasts produced by scientists to replace us one day.4.The technology used is amazing.5.The only thing needed is just a cell from your old pet.satisfied be satisfied with 對。滿意2. excited3. shocked4. encouraging5. surprising6. inspired7. amazedC2The usage of verb-ed phrasesA verb-

14、ed phrase is actually a verb-ed followed by an object or /and adverbial. The verb-ed phrases can be used as the adverbial(狀語) to express the time, the reason and condition1.A verb-ed phrase can be a verb-ed on its own. It can also be followed by an object and/or adverbial.1) She left the restaurant,

15、 disappointed.2) She left the restaurant, disappointed with the bad service.3) Heated, water changes into steam.4) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured.5) The girl was sent to the hospital, seriously injured in the car accident.2.Passive verb-ed phrases can express time, reason and c

16、ondition. We can use adverbial clauses(狀語從句) to rewrite the phrases.1) timeSeen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.When the park is seen from the hill, it looks very beautiful.When completed, the museum will be open to the public.When it is completed, the museum will be open to the public.

17、Once seen, it can never be forgotten.Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.2) reasonFrightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in her own room.Because she was frightened by the thunder and lightning in the night, the girl did not dare sleep alone in

18、her own room.Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.3) conditionGiven more time, we could do it much better.If we were given more time, we could do it much better.Unless invited to speak, you should remai

19、n silent at the conference.Unless you are invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker.(= If she was compared with other professors.)3. Understood subject(邏輯主語)1)The understood subject is usually the same as the subject of

20、the main clause. (refer to the above sentences)2) When verb-ed is used as adverbial(狀語) or predicative(表語), its understood subject is the subject of the main sentence.She became discouraged at the news.3)動詞ed形式作定語時,它的邏輯主語是被它修飾的名詞，它和名詞之間是被動關(guān)系。The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.4) verbed形式在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語時，它的邏輯主語是句子的主語或賓語