主語和謂語一致

1、主語和謂語的一致主語和謂語的一致主語和謂語的一致精心整理主語和謂語的一致.主語和謂語的一致關(guān)系:謂語要與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致:Herdreamshavecometrue.Herdreamhascometrue.Sheoftenarrivesatschoollate.Theyoftenarriveatschoollate.Itisgettingdark.Eggsaregettingscarcer.Iamgettingbored.確定主語單復數(shù)的三個原則:21.語法上一致的原則:Theboyplaysfootballwell.Theboysplayfootballwell.Itisbitter

2、lycold.Iamverycold.22.看法上一致的原則:Myfamilyareallearlyrisers.(指家中的全體成員,有復數(shù)含義)Hisfamilyhasmovedintothenewhouse.(指整個家,用作單數(shù))Fiveminutesisenough.(一個時間段,看作單數(shù))Thecrewarewaitingforinstructionsfromthecaptain.(指全體船員,復數(shù))23.周邊詞一致的原則:Neitherhenortheyarewhollyright.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowi

3、ngtothebadweather.Eitheryourkeyormykeyismissing.Notonlybutalsotheirteacherhasparticipatedintheparty.HeorIaminthewrong.精心整理-whatsworthvisitingthere?-well,theresthepark,thecastleandthemuseum.主謂一致的詳盡原則:31.依照語法一致的原則確定謂語形式:單數(shù)主語+單數(shù)謂語;復數(shù)主語+復數(shù)謂語Theteacherencouragesthestudentstospeakfreely.Mywagesarelow,butm

4、etaxesarehigh.Theirhousehasnineroom.Italwayspaystogiveyourpaperonefinalcheck.在“主語+系詞+表語結(jié)構(gòu)”中,系動詞要與主語的數(shù)保持一致,不受其表語的影響.Theirgreatestconcernisthechildren.Themostappreciatedgiftwastheclothesthatyousentus.Whatweneedmostisbooks.Paulisfriendswithbill.在“單數(shù)名詞(主語)+(together)with+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中謂語只與主語保持一致,這是因為上述短語只起修飾主語的

5、作用,而非主語的一部分.短語:Alongwith,aswellas,inadditionto,accompaniedby,ratherthan,asmuchas,nolessthan,including,besides,except,but,like.Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.YouaswellasIarewrong.Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohe

6、lpinthiswork.Theteacher,asmuchastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.Mr.Robbins,accompaniedbyhiswife,isarrivingtonight.32主語含有and時的謂語形式:“單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語動詞用復數(shù).Reading,writingandarithmeticarecalledthethreeRs.精心整理JoeandBobaresmart.HeandIaregoodfriends.Thepoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.

7、若是由and所連接的并列主語指的是同一個人或物事,謂語動詞用單數(shù).Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.Ateacherandnovelistisgoingtomakeaspeechinthehall.A/The+單數(shù)名詞人+and+單數(shù)名詞人+單數(shù)謂語指同一個人身兼兩種職務.A/The+單數(shù)名詞人+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞+復數(shù)謂語指不同樣職務的兩個人.Theconductorandcomposerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Theconductorandthecomposerweregreetedby

8、acrowdofpeople.一下已被看作一個整體,所以做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).Knifeandfork,needleandthread,acupandsaucer,ahorseandcarriage,trialanderror,lawandorder,etc.Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.Breadandbutterisourdailyfood.Fishandchipsisapopularfastfood.ThestarsandstripesisthenatioanlflagofUSA.Thesumandsubstanceofthespeechwasantiw

9、ar.主語為“every/each+單數(shù)名詞+and+(every/each+)單數(shù)名詞”時,謂語用單數(shù).Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.Eachbookandeachpaperisheldinplace.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.主語為“形容詞+and+形容詞+不可以數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”,并且是涉及到該名詞的品種或種類時,謂語動詞用復數(shù).Chineseandbritishbeerareservedatthepub.精心整理Coolingdraftbeeri

10、sservedatthepub.Cleveranddullstudentsaretreatedalike.Thereisablackandwhitepictureonthewall.當“bothand”連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復數(shù).Bothhisbrotherandsisteraremarried.Bothwhalesanddolphinsaremammals.33依照周邊詞一致的原則確定謂語形式:用or連接兩個名(代)詞作主語時,依照“周邊原則”確定謂語形式.GeorgeorTomiswanted.GeorgeorIamwrong.Wereyouorhethere?用either

11、or連接連個名代詞作主語時,周邊原則.EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.Eithertheshirtsorthesweaterisagoodbuy.Notonlybutalso;notbut連接兩個名代詞作主語時,周邊原則.NotonlyMarybutalsoJohnwasinvitedtotheparty.Notthestudentsbuttheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.34謂語用單數(shù)形式的情況:動名詞,動詞不定式或主語從句作主語.Reasingisagreatpleasureinlife.Tol

12、ivemeanstocreat.Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.數(shù)詞或“數(shù)詞+復數(shù)名詞(表示時間,距離,金額,重量,大小,體積等)”作主語.Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Fiveisanoddnumber.Ahundredmilesisquiteadrive,isntit?Fivetonsisaheavyload.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt.復數(shù)形式的專有名詞作主語.精心整理ThePhilippinesconsistsofmorethan7,000islands.TheUnitedNationshasi

13、tsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.TheTimeshasalargecirculation.“manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語.Manyalittlemakesamickle.Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.Morethanongrammaticalmistakeswasfoundinhiscomposition.表示群意義的詞組,如:aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish作主語.Aflockofbirdsiscirc

14、lingoverhead.Theherdofcattleisbreakingaway.35謂語用復數(shù)形式的情況:trousers,pants,pyjamas,shorts,pliers,scissors,pincer,tongs,glasses,spectacles,tights,compasses等;一般都用復數(shù)形式,但當這些詞前面有單數(shù)量詞時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式.Wherearemyscissors?Thereisapairofscissorsonthetable.有些會集名詞作主語時,要用復數(shù)形式的謂語.Sheep,Cattle,Police,Poultry,militia,peopl

15、e等;Cattlefeedongrass.Thepolicearelookingintothematter.“Several/(a)few/both/many+(of+)復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或上述詞”單獨用作主語時,謂語用復數(shù)形式.Severalofyouneedtoworkharder.Severalhavealreadywrittentome.36謂語用單復數(shù)皆可的情況:有些名詞形式上是復數(shù),但做主語,謂語多用單數(shù),也可以用復數(shù)形式.Means,works,tidings,headquarter等;精心整理Thefirmsheadquartersare/isinLondon.Thegoodtidi

16、ngcome/comestoolate.Thereis/arenomeansoffindingoutwhathappened.Thesteelworksis/areclosedfortheholiday.數(shù)詞組成的數(shù)學算式作主語,謂語單復亦可:Twoandthreeis/arefive.Twicetwomake/makesfour.一些復數(shù)形式疾病名稱作主語,平時用單數(shù),復數(shù)也可以.Themeaslesisaninfectiousillness.Mumpsis/arefairlyrareinadults.37不定代詞作主語時的謂語形式:由any,some,no,every與body,one,t

17、hing組成的不定代詞作主語或主語的一部分,謂語用單數(shù).Somebody,anyone,nothing,everyone等;Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.Theressomethinginterestinginthenewspaper.“each,each+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞;eachof+復數(shù)名詞”作主語時,謂語用單數(shù)形式.Eacharrivesontime.Eachofthebuildingblocksispaintedadifferentcolour.Eachboyhastriedtwice.Each位于復數(shù)主語此后,

18、不影響主語的數(shù),e.g.Theboyseachhaveanapple.Either,neither作主語或主語一部分時,謂語用單數(shù)形式:Eitherisacceptable.Eitheroneisgoodenoughforme.Is/areeitherofthemadoctor?Neitheris/aretoblame.Neitheransweriscorrect.Neitherofuswants/wanttodoit.精心整理注意,neither,eitherof和neitherof等用于否定或疑問句時,特別在口語中,也可以跟復數(shù)謂語.All,some,more,most作主語或主語一部分時

19、上述+不可以數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語用單數(shù);上述+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語,謂語用復數(shù)形式;Allhopehasgone.Somemoneywasspentonbooks.AllroadsleadtoRome.MostArabicspeakersunderstandEgyptian.Allisgoingwell.Theressomeinthepot.Themostyoucanhopeforisfivedollars.Allareagreedonthispoint.Somearewiseandsomeareotherwise.Manypeoplesupporttheproposal,butmoreareag

20、ainstit.All,some,more,most與of連用時:同樣原則;Allofthisisyours.Someofthebookisgood.Someofthefoodhasbeeneaten,butnotallofit.Mostofhiswritingisrubbish.MostofthebooksonthatshelfareinEnglish,andtherestareinRussianorFrench.None作主語或主語一部分時:-Isthereanymilkinthecup?-No,thereisnone.Nonehavearrived.Nonehasreturnedfrom

21、themeeting.“Noneof+名詞”作主語:Noneofusisperfect.精心整理Noneoftheguestswanttostay.Noneofthismoneyisyours.Noneofthesesuggestionsis/areveryhelpful.Any用作主語或主語一部分:Anyisbetterthannone.Anyisgoodenoughforme.Givemesomeifthereare/isany.Ifthereisanytrouble,letmeknow.Anychildwantstoknowthat.Therearescarcelyanyflowersi

22、nthegarden.Anyoftheseauthoritiesare/isreliable.Idontthinkanyofuswant/wantstoworktomorrow.Isthereanymoreofthisstuff?Half用作主語或主語一部分:Halfwasdamaged.Halfarehere.Ibrokethechocolateintohalves,andheresyourhalf.Halfhistimewaswasted.Halfthesoldierswerekilled.Halfmyclasshas/haveobtaineddriverslicenses.Halfoft

23、heapplewasrotten.Halfofthetimewasspentinthecountry.Halfofthefruitisbad.Halfofmyclasshas/haveobtaineddriverslicenses.Halfofthemarehere.Halfoftheplumsarebad.Enough作主語或主語的一部分:Enoughhasbeensaidonthismatter.Enoughareheretoconstituteaquorum.精心整理Thereisenoughfoodforeverybody.Thereareenoughplayersforagame.3

24、8表示數(shù)量的短語作主語時的謂語形式:Alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分數(shù)詞+of,aquantityof,quantitiesof作主語的一部分時:Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromArabic-speakingcountries.Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.Lotsofmyfriendsarehere.Therewereaquantityofpeopleinthehall.Agreatdealof,anamou

25、ntof,(a)littleof,muchof與不可以數(shù)名詞連用時,謂語用單數(shù):Muchofthatfurnitureisuncomfortable.Littleoftheequipmentwasstandardized.Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.Agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof與復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用,謂語用復數(shù).Therewereagreat(good)manypeopleinthepark.Anumberofstudentswereabsent.“thenumberof+復數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語”,因為thenumberof

26、的詞義為“的數(shù)目”,如thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.39therebe句型中的謂語形式:Therebe句型中,be的形式平時取決于be后的主語的數(shù);Therearentanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.Thereisntanymailforyoutoday.ThereresomegoodprogramsonTV.非正式英語中,若是therebe后是由and連接的并列主語,可以用復數(shù)謂語,也可以依照周邊詞一致的原則來確定謂語形式.Thereareabluepenandayellownotebookonherdesk.Thereisablu

27、epenandayellownotebookonherdesk.精心整理310需經(jīng)判斷來確定句子的謂語形式:會集名詞作主語若是會集名詞被看作是一個整體,或一個組織,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theaudiencewasrathersmall.Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.若是重視其各組成部分或成員的行動,謂語用復數(shù)形式.Theclasswereallcheerful.Theaudiencewereexcitedbyhisspeech.Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplays.常用會集名詞:Army,audience,club,class,committee,crew,faculty,troop,group,organization,government,jury,public,school,staff,team等;物主代詞作主語Mineisanewbike.Theirsareoldbikes.“the+形容詞”作主語指人時,謂語用復數(shù)Therichgetriche