高中英語選擇性必修二 07 Unit 3 Section A Reading and Thinking-2020-2021學(xué)年課時(shí)同步練（解析版）

1、Unit 3 Food and culture3.1 Reading and ThinkingI.閱讀理解1Why do you think people who live in some hot countries eat very spicy(辛辣的)food? Is it because the spices make the food taste better? Is it just because their parents and grandparents and great-grandparents liked hot food，or is there some connecti

2、on between spices and healthy food?Researchers from Cornell University think that it is because spice plants have some important chemicals. These chemicals can kill bacteria(細(xì)菌)which spoil food. “Most common spices can kill 75 to 100 percent of the bacteria in food，”explains one of the scientists. T

3、he bacteria grow more easily and spoil food more quickly at higher temperatures. For this reason，it is more difficult to keep food from spoiling in hot climates.Do you like your food spicy? Your answer probably tells something about the country you come from. If you like spicy food，it is possible th

4、at hundreds of years ago，when there were no fridges，people in your country started using spices to keep the food from spoiling. The traditional spicy dishes helped those people to live longer，healthier lives. Today，in a time of fridges，the spices just make the food taste good. 1. The chemicals in sp

5、ices keep food from spoiling by_. A. making food taste betterB. making food hotterC. preventing bacteria getting into foodD. killing bacteria in food2. Food goes bad more quickly in hot climates because_. A. cold temperature makes bacteriaB. bacteria get used to hot foodC. high temperature helps bac

6、teria grow fasterD. bacteria spoil food only at high temperature3. According to the passage，spices are useful in the following things except_. A. helping you to live longerB. helping to keep you healthierC. making your food taste betterD. replacing fridges【答案】1. D2. C3. D【分析】試題分析: 解析文章講的是為什么人們喜歡吃辛辣的

7、食物的原因1. D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第二段提到These chemicals can kill bacteria(細(xì)菌)which spoil food可知它們可以殺死食物中的細(xì)菌，故選D項(xiàng)。2. C 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段提到The bacteria grow more easily and spoil food more quickly at higher temperatures可知?dú)鉁卦礁呒?xì)菌越容易越快生長(zhǎng)，從而導(dǎo)致食物的變質(zhì)，故選C項(xiàng)。3. D 考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段提到Today，in a time of fridges，the spices just make the

8、 food taste good今天把辛辣的食物放在冰箱，只是讓食物更好今天，在冰箱的時(shí)代，辣椒只是為了讓食物更好吃，故選D項(xiàng)。2Up to 40% of all food in the United States is wasted. Producing food that people dont consume swallows up roughly 20% of Americas cropland and agricultural water, and produces greenhouse gas emissions(排放物) equal to 37 million passenger

9、 vehicles each year. Yet, 37 million Americans lack consistent access to adequate and nutritious food.NRDCs Food Matters Initiative partners cities to confront food waste. Food Matters is piloting all-round, cutting-edge strategies that are easy to follow and share. The first two strategies-and argu

10、ably the most critical ones-are to estimate a local baseline level of food waste and then assess the potential for rescuing surplus food. A baseline is necessary in order to understand the scale and natural of the problem. It is also a prerequisite(先決條件) to assessing any progress made, which will he

11、lp inform future program development.Using a calculator tool NRDC developed based on the Food Matters research models ,the Atlantas Mayors Office of Resilience had a better understanding of the qualities of wasted food and where it was likely occurring. This allowed the city to focus the attention o

12、n the solutions that were more closely related to the situation in Atlanta.As in many cities across the U.S., much of the food wasted in Atlanta occurs in households and consumer-facing businesses such as restaurants. Armed with this information, the Mayors Office of Resilience, creates a restaurant

13、 challenge encouraging restaurants to work on the entire system of reduction, rescue, and recycling. After 90 days and participation from 6 restaurants at Atlantas Hartsfield Jackson airport, the program rescue 21,000 meals and saved owners over $62000.Atlantas restaurant challenge is one of a handf

14、ul of examples where cities have engaged(吸引) consumer-facing food businesses to reduce their food waste. New York led the charge with a Mayors challenge to restaurants .Denver recently completed a series of neighborhood restaurant challenges. Nashville has an ongoing Mayors Food Saver Challenge incl

15、uding not just restaurants but other food businesses as well. Several other cities and countries throughout the country have similar business engagement success stories.4. What are the data mainly about in paragraph 1? A. the harm of food wasteB. the cause of food pollutionC. the importance of food

16、safetyD. the solution to food waste.5. How does Atlanta benefit from the calculator tool of NRDC?A. It makes new plans for banning food wasteB. It helps the city better work on the solutions.C. It tests the work efficiency of the governmentD. It increases the potential for recycling food waste.6. Wh

17、at is the restaurant challenge mainly about?A. Inspiring customers to order food based on actual needB. Teaching waiters to deal with food waste in the greener way.C. Encouraging restaurants to reduce food waste in every process .D. Making restaurants compete with each other in waste recycling.7. Wh

18、at can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Restaurant challenges only work in AmericaB. More and more cities are focusing on food waste .C. Food businesses are the main sources of food waste .D. It is difficult to complete the restaurant challenges.【答案】4. A5. B6. C7. B【分析】本文是說明文。在美國(guó)，高達(dá)40%的食物被浪費(fèi)了。文章介

19、紹了美國(guó)一些城市為應(yīng)對(duì)食品浪費(fèi)所作出的努力。4. 推理判斷題。文章第一段中提到一系列的數(shù)據(jù)“高達(dá)40%的食物被浪費(fèi)了。生產(chǎn)并不吃的糧食消耗了大約20%的農(nóng)作物耕地和農(nóng)業(yè)用水，產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體排放物等于3700萬車輛一年的排放量。而另一方面，3700萬美國(guó)人并不能持續(xù)獲得充足和有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物?！庇纱丝芍@些數(shù)據(jù)是說明食物浪費(fèi)造成的損失。故選A項(xiàng)。5. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第二段中提到“the Atlantas Mayors Office of Resilience had a better understanding of the qualities of wasted food and where

20、it was likely occurring. This allowed the city to focus the attention on the solutions that were more closely related to the situation in Atlanta.”；根據(jù)其中的“focus the attention on the solutions”可知，亞特蘭大市通過使用NRDC的計(jì)算器工具，對(duì)浪費(fèi)食物的性質(zhì)和可能發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)有更好的了解，這有助于該市更好地解決問題。 故選B項(xiàng)。6. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第四段中提到“the Mayors Office of Resi

21、lience, creates a restaurant challenge encouraging restaurants to work on the entire system of reduction, rescue, and recycling.（市長(zhǎng)辦公室創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)餐館挑戰(zhàn)，鼓勵(lì)餐館在整個(gè)系統(tǒng)中減少，防止浪費(fèi)和回收。）”。由此可知，餐館挑戰(zhàn)主要是鼓勵(lì)餐館在整個(gè)過程中減少食物浪費(fèi)。故選C項(xiàng)。7. 推理判斷題。文章最后一段中提到“Atlantas restaurant challenge is one of a handful of examples where cities have

22、 engaged(吸引) consumer-facing food businesses to reduce their food waste.（亞特蘭的餐廳挑戰(zhàn)是吸引面向消費(fèi)者的食品企業(yè)減少食物浪費(fèi)的少數(shù)幾個(gè)城市的例子之一。）”，下文提到New York、Denver、Nashville以及Several other cities and countries等城市成功的做法，說明越來越多的城市致力于減少食物浪費(fèi)。故選B項(xiàng)。3Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an

23、apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animal

24、s use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda eats only one particular type of ba

25、mboo. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small a

26、nimals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season. Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overwe

27、ight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.8. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _.A. depend on one sense in choosing

28、 foodB. are not satisfied with their foodC. choose food in similar waysD. eat entirely different food9. Which of the following eats only one type of food?A. A white butterfly.B. A small bird.C. The bear.D. The fox.10. Certain animals change their choice of food when _.A. the season changesB. the foo

29、d color changesC. they move to different placesD. they are attracted by different smells11. We can learn from the last paragraph that _.A. food is chosen for a good reasonB. French and British food is goodC. some people have few choices of foodD. some people care little about healthy diet12. What wi

30、ll most probably be talked about in the next paragraph?A. Why choosing the right food is important.B. How to choose the right food.C. The right amount of food for a person.D. Vegetables matter more than meat and sugar.【答案】8. C9. A10. A11. D12. B【分析】試題分析：文章大意：本文主要描述動(dòng)物和人識(shí)別食物的方法以及動(dòng)物和人不同的飲食習(xí)慣。8. C 推理題。根

31、據(jù)第一段第一、二句Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans.可以知道人和動(dòng)物在選擇食物方面具有相似的方法。故C正確。9. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden一種白蝴蝶只吃白菜的葉子，故A正確。10. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句The diet of t

32、hese animals will be different depending on the season.可以知道動(dòng)物的飲食是隨季節(jié)而改變的。故A正確。11. D 推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us及舉例法國(guó)和英國(guó)人的飲食習(xí)慣，可以推測(cè)一些人是不在乎健康的飲食習(xí)慣，故D正確。12. B推理題。本文最后一段主要講述不良的飲食習(xí)慣，故可以推測(cè)出下面一段可能會(huì)講述如何選擇正確的食物，養(yǎng)成良好的飲食習(xí)慣。故B正確。II.七選五The Slow Food Movement

33、 started in Rome, Italy in 1986. When a new McDonalds was opening near a beautiful historic place, some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted, “We do not want fast food, we want slow food!”13. One day Carlo Petrini went to a restaurant to eat a traditional meal. But the food didnt taste th

34、e same as he remembered. He learned that the peppers were shipped from abroad because the prices were low. This deeply concerned Carlo.Carlo wanted people to care about where their foods came from and how their foods made their culture special. So he started a group to encourage this idea. It soon b

35、ecame the Slow Food Movement. 14. First, what is good food? Good food is fresh. The vegetables are eaten close to the place where they are grown. The fish hasnt been sitting for days before it is eaten. Good food is seasonable. 15. Good food satisfies the senses. It should look good, smell good and

36、taste good. And finally, good food is cultural food. Each country has special foods that make it different.Second, food should be clean. Today, there are great concerns about the way people grow and produce food. Farmers use chemicals to kill insects and feed plants. But the chemicals can also harm

37、the natural environment around farms. 16. Clean food means food that does not harm our bodies or the environment.And third, food should be fair. 17. All people should be able to purchase healthy food. The people who grow and make food should be paid fairly for their work. They should work in safe, h

38、ealthy conditions.A. Food should not cost too much money.B. Its goal is to have good, clean, fair food for all people.C. Over time, they can cause health problems in people too.D. That was how the Slow Food Movement came into being.E.It should be grown at the best time of the year for that food.F.To

39、day the Slow Food Movement has already expanded out of Italy.G.This event wasnt the only thing that started the Slow Food Movement.【答案】13. G14. B15. E 16C17. A【分析】這是一篇說明文，主要講述了慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)的起源以及理念。13. 上文提到，當(dāng)新的麥當(dāng)勞在美麗的歷史名勝附近開業(yè)時(shí)，有些人站在餐廳外面大喊：“我們不想要快餐，我們想要慢食！” G項(xiàng)承接上文，“這一活動(dòng)并不是開始慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)的唯一原因。”后句，再舉一例，去餐館吃傳統(tǒng)大餐。但是食物的味道和

40、他記憶中的不一樣了?？芍?，G項(xiàng)可以起到承上啟下的作用，切題。故選G項(xiàng)。14. 根據(jù)上文可知，成立了一個(gè)小組來鼓勵(lì)希望人們關(guān)心他們的食物來自哪里，以及他們的食物如何使他們的文化與眾不同。并很快變成了慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)。后文分別解釋了“have good, clean, fair food for all people.”。所以此空應(yīng)為提出慢食運(yùn)動(dòng)的目標(biāo)“它的目標(biāo)是為所有人提供良好、干凈、公平的食物?！盉項(xiàng)可以與下文構(gòu)成總分結(jié)構(gòu)，故選B項(xiàng)。15. 根據(jù)上句“Good food is seasonable. ” 好的食物是時(shí)令的?！八鼞?yīng)該生長(zhǎng)在一年中最適合這種食物的時(shí)間?！笨梢詫?duì)上句“好的食物是時(shí)令的”做出解

41、釋說明。E項(xiàng)切題。故選E項(xiàng)。16. 上一句提到“化學(xué)物質(zhì)也會(huì)損害農(nóng)場(chǎng)周圍的自然環(huán)境?！焙笪摹扒鍧嵤称肥侵覆粫?huì)傷害我們的身體或環(huán)境的食品?！焙笪目梢钥偨Y(jié)前文，所以此空應(yīng)為化學(xué)物質(zhì)傷害我們的身體。C項(xiàng)“隨著時(shí)間的流逝，它們也可能導(dǎo)致人們的健康問題?！狈衔恼碌姆挚偨Y(jié)構(gòu)。故選C項(xiàng)。17. 上句“食物應(yīng)該公平”，后文“所有的人都應(yīng)該能夠購(gòu)買健康食品”。A項(xiàng)“食物不應(yīng)該花太多錢”解釋了食物應(yīng)該公平的含義，同時(shí)為后句“所有人都應(yīng)該能夠購(gòu)買健康食品。”做鋪墊。故選A項(xiàng)。III.完形填空Teaching your children healthy eating is important so they hav

42、e a good relationship with food. Children who 18 too much of the wrong types of foods are at 19 risk of health conditions like fatness, heart disease and cancer. 20 all the ads for junk food, it can be hard to keep your child eating healthily. 21 , there are ways you can employ to 22 children achiev

43、e this goal.Serve your child mainly 23 snacks, such as fruits and vegetables or wholegrain biscuits and cheese. Keep healthy snacks 24 by placing them on low shelves in the fridge or in the cabinets so your children can 25 them when hungry.If you dont 26 your child to eat a particular food, keep it

44、out of the 27 . She/He cant eat foods that arent 28 . Make less unhealthy foods-something you eat 29 . This will limit the 30 of junk food your child can eat.Dont 31 junk food as a trading tool. 32 children with junk food or using it to please children to get them to eat healthier foods 33 makes thi

45、s food more appealing and healthier foods less attractive, so 34 non-food rewards (獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)).Children learn by 35 what you do. In my opinion, 36 you dont want your child to eat too much junk food, model healthy eating and 37 eating a lot of junk food yourself. Allow children to help pick out new, healthy

46、foods for snacks.18. A. eatB. wasteC. haveD. make19. A. lowerB. betterC. higherD. bigger20. A. OverB. WithC. AfterD. On21. A. ThereforeB. HoweverC. FormallyD. Finally22. A. orderB. seeC. helpD. protect23. A. unhealthyB. simpleC. poorD. healthy24. A. accessibleB. readyC. preparedD. nearby25. A. cookB

47、. reachC. arriveD. afford26. A. hopeB. wantC. adviseD. promise27. A. houseB. placeC. schoolD. yard28. A. hereB. thereC. overD. out29. A. immediatelyB. alwaysC. honestlyD. rarely30. A. qualityB. characterC. amountD. shape31. A. seeB. useC. getD. give32. A. ProvidingB. RewardingC. SharingD. Filling33.

48、 A. onlyB. alsoC. evenD. ever34. A. chooseB. buyC. exchangeD. demand35. A. rememberingB. delayingC. watchingD. imagining36. A. onceB. ifC. thoughD. as37. A. preventB. keepC. avoidD. ban【答案】18. A19. C20. B21. B22. C23. D24. A25. B26. B27. A28. B29. D30. C31. B32. B33. A34. A35. C36. B37. C【分析】這是一篇說明文

49、。文章主要介紹了培養(yǎng)孩子健康飲食的原因和方法。18. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：吃了太多不該吃的食物的孩子有更高的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。A. eat吃；B. waste浪費(fèi)；C. have有；D. make制作。根據(jù)Teaching your children healthy eating is important so they have a good relationship with food.及下文可知，整個(gè)文章都有孩子的吃有關(guān)。故選A。19. 考查形容詞比較級(jí)詞義辨析。句意：吃了太多不該吃的食物的孩子有更高的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。A. lower更低的；B. better更好的的；C. higher更高的；D

50、. bigger更大的。根據(jù)like fatness, heart disease and cancer.可知，吃太多不健康的食物，有更高的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，比如肥胖、心臟病和癌癥。故選C。20. 考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：有那么多垃圾食品的廣告，很難讓你的孩子吃得健康。A. Over穿越；B. With帶有；C. After之后；D. On在.上面。介詞with，表示“帶著；具有 ”之意。故選B。21. 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，你可以通過一些方法來幫助孩子們實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Formally正式地；D. Finally最終。分析前后句可知

51、，這里為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B。22. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，你可以通過一些方法來幫助孩子們實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)。A. order命令；B. see看；C. help幫助；D. protect保護(hù)。由下文提出的方法可知，這些方法能夠孩子們實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)。故選C。23. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：為你的孩子提供健康的零食，如水果和蔬菜或全麥餅干和奶酪。A. unhealthy不健康的；B. simple簡(jiǎn)單的；C. poor窮的；D. healthy健康的。根據(jù)such as fruits and vegetables or wholegrain biscuits and cheese.所列舉的食物，可

52、知都是健康的零食。故選D。24. 考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：把健康的零食放在冰箱或櫥柜的低架子上，這樣孩子們餓的時(shí)候就能夠得著。A. accessible可得到的；B. ready準(zhǔn)備的；C. prepared準(zhǔn)備好的；D. nearby附近的。根據(jù)by placing them on low shelves in the fridge or in the cabinets可知，放在低處的目的是為了讓孩子容易拿到。故選A。25. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：把健康的零食放在冰箱或櫥柜的低架子上，這樣孩子們餓的時(shí)候就能夠得著。A. cook做飯；B. reach（伸手）觸及；C. arrive到達(dá)；

53、D. afford付得起。孩子餓的時(shí)候就可以夠到食物，動(dòng)詞reach表示“伸出（手）夠到”之意。故選B。26. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你不想讓你的孩子吃某種特定的食物，把它放在屋外。A. hope希望；B. want想要；C. advise建議；D. promise答應(yīng)。根據(jù)keep it out of the .可知，是不想要讓孩子吃某種特定的食物。故選B。27. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你不想讓你的孩子吃某種特定的食物，把它放在屋外。A. house房子；B. place地方；C. school學(xué)校；D. yard院子。根據(jù)She/He cant eat foods that a

54、rent.可知，屋子里沒有的食物，孩子是吃不到的。故選A。28. 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她/他不能吃那里沒有的食物。A. here這兒；B. there那兒；C. over穿過；D. out出來。這里指屋子里，所以用副詞there。故選B。29. 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：少做不健康的食物那些你很少吃的東西。A. immediately立即；B. always總是；C. honestly誠(chéng)實(shí)地；D. rarely很少。根據(jù)Make less unhealthy foods可知，父母很少吃的東西，孩子也會(huì)少吃。故選D。30. 考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這將限制你的孩子可以吃的垃圾食品的數(shù)量。A.

55、quality 質(zhì)量；B. character角色；C. amount數(shù)量；D. shape形狀。根據(jù)前句Make less unhealthy foods-something you eat.可知，少做不健康的食物，孩子吃的垃圾食品的數(shù)量就會(huì)減少。故選C。31. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不要把垃圾食品當(dāng)作交易工具。A. see看見；B. use使用；C. get得到；D. give給予。結(jié)合句意可知，這里用短語use as 把當(dāng)成。故選B。32. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)孩子垃圾食品，或者為了讓他們吃更健康的食物，用它來取悅孩子。A. Providing提供；B. Rewarding 獎(jiǎng)

56、勵(lì)；C. Sharing分享；D. Filling裝滿。根據(jù)前句Dont.junk food as a trading tool.可知，這里指為了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)孩子，把垃圾食品當(dāng)作交易工具。故選B。33. 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：只會(huì)讓這些食物更有吸引力和讓健康的食物更不具有吸引力。A. only只有；B. also也；C. even甚至；D. ever曾經(jīng)。根據(jù).children with junk food or using it to please children to get them to eat healthier foods可知，這樣做的結(jié)果，只會(huì)帶來不好的后果。故選A。34. 考查動(dòng)詞

57、詞義辨析。句意：所以選擇非食物的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。A. choose選擇；B. buy買；C. exchange交換；D. demand要求。根據(jù)前句. children with junk food or using it to please children to get them to eat healthier foods.makes this food more appealing and healthier foods less attractive可知，要選擇非食物來獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)孩子。故選A。35. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子通過觀察你所做的來學(xué)習(xí)事物。A. remembering記得；B. de

58、laying延遲；C. watching觀看；D. imagining想象。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，孩子往往會(huì)觀察和模仿父母的行為。故選C。36. 考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你不想讓你的孩子吃太多的垃圾食品，那就做個(gè)健康飲食的榜樣，避免自己吃太多的垃圾食品。A. once一旦；B. if如果；C. though盡管；D. as因?yàn)?。根?jù)前后句意可知，本句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。故選B。37. 考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你不想讓你的孩子吃太多的垃圾食品，那就做個(gè)健康飲食的榜樣，避免自己吃太多的垃圾食品。A. prevent阻止；B. keep保持；C. avoid避免；D. ban禁止。In my opinion, _19_ you dont want your child to eat too much junk food, model healthy eating可知，父母要做好健康飲食的模范，避免自己吃太多