中考英語復(fù)習(xí)備考：突破中考難點(diǎn)失分題-短文填空

1、翹題考難點(diǎn)失分題短文賭短文填空題主要考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力，通過中考閱卷我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，它 是中考中考生失分較多的一種題型。為了讓同學(xué)們能夠熟能生巧，攻克這一難 關(guān)，下面結(jié)合中考真題給大家作出指導(dǎo)。方法概述針對這一題型，考生可以采取以下步驟：.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找出句子所缺成分，確定所填單詞的詞性。.假設(shè)詞性吻合，再結(jié)合實(shí)際語境和語法規(guī)那么來確定所填單詞的具體形式， 得出最終答案。.假設(shè)詞性不吻合，那么要將其轉(zhuǎn)化為正確的形式。真題分析語言知識運(yùn)用閱讀下面短文，用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，必要時(shí)可加助動(dòng)詞。(保 留原題號)I knew that my aunt, Betsey Trotwood,

2、lived somewhere near Dover, so I decided to look for her.I had to walk there and the journey took six long days. When I got to Dover, I asked a few people and they told me where 26_ (go).When Miss Betsey saw me, she shouted, “Go away! Dont walk on my grass! ”Tlease, madam, l said bravely, “please, A

3、unt Betsey.” What! she cried, 27 (look) at me in great surprise.Tlease, Aunt Betsey, Im your nephew David Copperfield. You came on the night I was born and saw my dear mother. My life 28 (be) very miserable since she died. My stepfather sent me to work in London and I hated it and ran away. Then som

4、eone stole my money and I had to walk.71 felt weak and suddenly fell to the ground.My aunt picked me up and took me into her sitting room. While I 29 (eat), my aunt asked me a lot of questions. I was tired after the long day. Soon I fell asleep in a warm, _30 (comfort) bed.Several days 31 (late) my

5、stepfather, Mr. Mudstone arrived. David is a very bad boy, violent and lazy, maybe the 32_ (bad) boy in the world, he said 33 (angry) . ”We found him a good job in London but he ran away. Now he must 34 (punish) ! ”Aunt Betsey listened to him carefully and 35_ (reply) , I dont believe a word you say

6、. I know youve been cruel to this boy and his poor mother. Ill look after David from now on. Now get out of here! ”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了 David在媽媽去世后，生活變得很悲慘時(shí), 他決定尋找姨媽求助。幾經(jīng)周折，他終于找到姨媽并與之相認(rèn)，善良的姨媽沒 有聽信David繼父的誹謗語言，并決定用自己的余生來照顧Davido【答案解析】to go where to go表示去哪里，此處是疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。looking句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞cried,故此處使用現(xiàn)在分

7、詞作伴隨狀語。has been since是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故用has been。was eating此處是while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng) 作。comfortable用形容詞作定語修飾名詞bed,溫暖舒服的床。later 一段時(shí)間+ later”表示一段時(shí)間后。worst根據(jù)比擬范圍in the world”可知，用形容詞的最高級。angrily用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，意為他生氣地說。angry變副詞時(shí)，要把y 變成i后，再加ly。be punished本句中的主語he是動(dòng)作的承受者，要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)， 即：must + be + doneorepli

8、ed根據(jù)并列連詞and前后的謂語動(dòng)詞一致原那么可知，其后也要用 一般過去時(shí)，故填replied。金十對這一題型，考生可以采取以下具體方法解題：.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找出句子所缺成分，確定所填單詞的詞性。(1)假設(shè)句子缺少主語,那么考慮填名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或動(dòng)名詞。(2)假設(shè)句子缺少謂語,那么考慮填動(dòng)詞。(3)假設(shè)句子缺少賓語,那么考慮填名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或動(dòng)名詞。(1)假設(shè)句子缺少主語,那么考慮填名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或動(dòng)名詞。(2)假設(shè)句子缺少謂語,那么考慮填動(dòng)詞。(3)假設(shè)句子缺少賓語,那么考慮填名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或動(dòng)名詞。(4)假設(shè)句子缺少表語,那么考慮填名詞或形容詞。(5)假設(shè)句子缺少定語,那么考慮填形

9、容詞、名詞、形容詞性物主代詞、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞等。(6)(6)假設(shè)句子缺少狀語,那么考慮填副詞、不定式、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞等。(7)假設(shè)(7)假設(shè)句子缺少補(bǔ)語,那么考慮填名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞等。.假設(shè)詞性吻合，再結(jié)合實(shí)際語境和語法規(guī)那么來確定所填單詞的具體形式,得出最終答案。(1)假設(shè)所填詞是名詞，且空前為a/an/one等表示單數(shù)概念的詞，那么名詞可 能直接填原形;假設(shè)空前有many, some, a few等修飾詞，那么要考慮填名詞的復(fù) 數(shù)形式;或者根據(jù)語境判斷此處填該名詞的另一種形式(如science-scientist, music-musicia

10、n, artartist, Japan-Japanese, friend-friendship 等)。(2)假設(shè)所填詞是動(dòng)詞，那么要根據(jù)主語的人稱、數(shù)、具體的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)判斷 所填詞的正確形式。般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞有 always, often, usually, sometimes, every week, once a month等。假設(shè)主語為第一人稱、第二人稱或第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng) 詞用原形;假設(shè)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。一般過去時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞有:just now, ago, in 1980, yesterday, last night等。一般將來時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞有：tomorr

11、ow, in the future, someday, in ten minutes, soon, next week 等。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞有：now, at present, these days, look, listen 等?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞有：yet, already, recently, since then, for+段時(shí)間， in the past 5 years 等。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞有：at 8： 00 last night, at that moment, at this time yesterday 等。如果句子主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，那么需用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(3)假

12、設(shè)所填詞是形容詞，那么要判斷用原形還是用比擬等級。形容詞比擬級 的標(biāo)志詞多為than,還有much, even, a lot等;形容詞最高級的標(biāo)志詞有the, in, of, among 等。(4)假設(shè)所填詞是副詞，同樣要判斷用原形還是用比擬等級。(5)假設(shè)所填詞是數(shù)詞，那么要判斷用基數(shù)詞還是序數(shù)詞。一般(大于1)基 數(shù)詞后的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式，序數(shù)詞后的名詞為單數(shù)形式，且序數(shù)詞前加the。(6)假設(shè)所填詞是代詞，那么需要判斷此處是用代詞的哪種形式，作主語時(shí)用 代詞的主格或名詞性物主代詞;作賓語時(shí)用賓格或反身代詞;作定語時(shí)用形容詞 性物主代詞。.假設(shè)詞性不吻合，那么要將其轉(zhuǎn)化為正確的形式。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練

13、本文是一篇記敘文，講述的是一只年幼的鹿和一只年老的鹿在遇到一群狗時(shí) 采取不同應(yīng)對方式的故事。年老的鹿跑掉了，年幼的鹿拒絕逃跑，想用鹿角把 狗甩在一邊，但是在和狗搏斗的時(shí)候被殺死了。我們可以從這個(gè)故事中吸取一 個(gè)教訓(xùn)：當(dāng)我們面臨危險(xiǎn)的時(shí)候，不要像那只愚蠢的年幼的鹿一樣。我們該知 道自己的優(yōu)勢和弱點(diǎn)。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用下面所給詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空，使文章通順完整。(每詞 限用一次)he, kill, scare, silly, lie, courage, hear, against, fight ，strongOne sunny afternoon, a young deer and an old d

14、eer were(1) under a tree in the forest. Suddenly, in the distance, they (2) some sounds of dogs, barking. The old deer stood up quickly. He felt nervous and (3) . He said to the young deer, “Be quick! Ifs time to find a place to hide in. The barking dogs are fierce (兇猛的) and they will us.”The young

15、deer laughed and said, “Why should we hide from the dogs? We are bigger and than them. We can toss (扔) aside with our big antlers (角). We should fight with them bravely/5The old deer admired the (6) of the young deer, but he did not believe the young deer. Wed better run away now, ” said the old dee

16、r.The young deer refused to run away. He decided to fight (7) the dogs. As the dogs ran to (8) , he put down his antlers and wanted to toss them aside. But he didnt win the (9) because there were too many dogs. He was killed by the dogs in the end.The young deer lost his life because he didnt know his stre