高中英語必修三 19-20 Unit 3 Section Ⅲ　Grammar-省略

1、Section Grammar省略省略一、省略的定義省略是一種避免重復、保持句子簡潔的語法手段。凡是缺少一個或一個以上的必要語言成分，但在一定語境中能夠獨立存在，意義明確，并且能發(fā)揮交際功能的句子都是省略句。一般說來，只要不損害語法結(jié)構(gòu)或者引起歧義，能省略的就應(yīng)省略。省略不僅使句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得緊湊，而且也是分句和分句之間的承接紐帶。觀察例句1A：Oh，I just love nachos mexican cornchips covered with cheese.B：Me，too.2A：So its the food of many different cultures，all in one di

2、sh?B：Exactly.3A real mix of cultures here!4Cant wait!歸納用法1簡單句中的省略(1)主語的省略祈使句可省去主語。Hand me the hammer，will you?把錘子遞給我好嗎？除祈使句外，還有其他省去主語的情況。閱讀下列句子，指出句子省略的主語是什么。Dont know.不知道。省略了：ILooks like rain.像是要下雨了。省略了：It(2)謂語或謂語的一部分的省略。閱讀下列句子，指出句子省略的謂語是什么。Anything you want to tell me?有什么事要告訴我嗎？省略了：Is thereThe stud

3、ents still waiting？學生們還在等嗎？省略了：Are(3)主語和謂語，或主語和謂語的一部分的省略。閱讀下列句子，指出句子省略了什么。(2016浙江卷)The movie starts at 8：30，and we can have a quick bite before we go.電影8：30開始，我們可以快速地吃點東西就走。Sounds great.See you at 8：10.聽起來很好。8：10見。省略了：ItGoing to town？進城去嗎？省略了：Are you(4)賓語的省略。閱讀下列句子，指出句子省略的賓語是什么。Where should we go？我們

4、去哪里？I dont care.Anywhere you want.我無所謂，你想去哪兒就去哪兒。省略了：where we go(5)表語的省略。閱讀下列句子，指出句子省略的表語是什么。Are these your friends？這些人是你的朋友嗎？Yes，they are.是的，他們是我的朋友。省略了：my friends(6)系動詞的省略有些省略結(jié)構(gòu)省去了系動詞，尤其在口語中。閱讀下列句子，指出句子省略的系動詞是什么。Everything in good condition.一切都完好無損。省略了：is(7)不定式的省略A答語中的有些動詞后跟不定式做賓語時，可將其動詞省略，而保留to，這

5、樣的動詞或短語常見的有want，wish，expect，hope，like，love，try，forget，prefer，mean，be going to，be about to，be supposed to等。Will you go with me？你要和我一起去嗎？Yes，Id like to(go with you)是的，非常樂意。B如果做賓語的不定式是be動詞或完成時態(tài)，則需在to之后加上be或have。Are you a doctor？你是醫(yī)生嗎？No，but I want to be.不，但我希望是。He hasnt finished his homework.他還沒有完成作業(yè)。H

6、e ought to have.他本應(yīng)該完成的。C兩個或兩個以上的不定式并列，第一個帶to，后面的常可省略to。My job is to look after the children and teach them English.我的任務(wù)是照顧孩子并教他們英語。但如果兩個不定式表示對比關(guān)系時，則to都不能省略。To be for the plan or to be against it doesnt matter.贊成或反對這項計劃都不要緊。D當不定式做表語時，如果前面主語中出現(xiàn)實義動詞do及其各種形式，則不定式中的to常可省略。What he wants to do is go home.

7、他想做的就是回家。E感官動詞和使役動詞后面做賓語補足語的不定式要省略to(help后的to可帶可不帶)。I saw a boy fall down from the tree.我看見一個男孩從樹上掉下來了。Ill help you(to) do the work.我會幫你做這項工作的。F介詞but前面有動詞do，后面的不定式可省略to。He can do nothing but lie down and sleep.他無事可做只好躺下睡覺。2并列句中的省略并列句中后面分句與前面分句的相同部分常可省略。閱讀下列句子，指出句子中省略了什么。They dont agree with you and

8、neither do I.他們不同意你的意見，我也不同意。省略了：agree with youShe was poor but honest.她雖然窮但很誠實。省略了：she was3復合句中的省略(1)賓語從句中的省略A以特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句，若有與前面主句重復的內(nèi)容，則可將重復內(nèi)容省略，只保留特殊疑問詞。閱讀下列句子，指出句子中省略了什么。You are unhappy.Can you tell me why?你不高興。能告訴我為什么嗎？省略了：you are unhappyB當用Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等做答句時，后面常用省

9、略形式。Do you think it will rain？你認為會下雨嗎？I guess so.我猜會。常用表達：I hope so.我希望如此。I hope not.我希望不會。Im afraid so/not.恐怕如此/不是。I think/believe/guess/expect/suppose so.我認為/相信/猜/希望/認為是這樣的。C在賓語從句中常省略連詞，但當及物動詞之后跟兩個或兩個以上的賓語從句時，只有第一個連詞that可省略。He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.他告訴我她是一個漂

10、亮的女孩，而且很聰明。(2)定語從句中的省略A在限制性定語從句中做賓語的關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom可省略。He is one of the men(whom) I can trust.他是我信任的人之一。B修飾way的關(guān)系副詞that(in which)可以省略。This is the way(that/in which)he studies.這就是他的學習方法。C在非正式用語中，關(guān)系代詞as后面的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)可省略。He gave the same answer as(he had given) before.他給出的答案和以前(他給的)一樣。(3)狀語從句中的省略A在時間、地點、條

11、件、方式或讓步狀語從句中，如果其主語和主句的主語一致，或從句的主語是it且從句中謂語動詞包含be，常把從句的主語和be省略。閱讀下列句子，指出句子省略了什么。Unless necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，否則你最好別查詞典。省略了：it isBe careful when crossing the street.過馬路時要小心。省略了：you areB在比較狀語從句中，than或as后面的部分可省略。閱讀下列句子，指出句子省略了什么。Im taller than she.我比她高。省略了：is I hate him

12、 as much as you.我和你一樣恨他。省略了：hate him(4)虛擬語氣中的省略在if引導的虛擬語氣中，如果從句中含有助動詞were，had(done)，should，則可省去if，把were，had，should提到從句句首。(2016浙江卷)Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.要是沒有政府和科學家的合作，與艾滋病相關(guān)的死亡人數(shù)就不會從2005年的最高值降下來。閱讀下列

13、句子，進行同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。If John were here，he would know what to do.Were John here，he would know what to do.要是約翰在這兒，他會知道怎么做。If anything had happened，he would have let her know.Had anything happened，he would have let her know.要是發(fā)生了什么事，他會讓她知道的。If she had lost her place，they all would be ruined.Had she lost her plac

14、e，they all would be ruined.要是她丟了職位，他們就都完了。即學即練完成句子1如果你愿意，可以這么做。You can do it if you want to2這座城市再也不是過去那樣了。The city is no longer what it used to be3盡管我們都精疲力竭，但我們都沒有停下來。Though worn out，we didnt stop.4房間雖然不大，卻很亮堂。Though not large，the room is well lit.5要是明天下雨的話，我就待在家里不出去。Should it rain tomorrow，I would

15、stay at home.單句語法填空1Some of you may have finished unit one.If so，you can go on to unit two.2Whats the matter with Della?Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still hopes to3When completed(complete)，the museum will be open to the public next year.4Are you a volunteer now?No,

16、 but I used to be(be). I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.5Should(shall) he come, the problem would be settled.6The war is very likely to break out in the near future.I am afraid soIf the situation goes as it is.7Ill be away on business. Would you mind looking after my cat?Id be glad to8

17、They landed safely on the island in the Pacific.Everything went on better than expected(expect)9She hurriedly left the room as if angry(anger)10What surprised me was not what he said but the way(way) he said it.短文語法填空A lot of people like keeping pets. The most common pets that 1.are kept(keep) throu

18、ghout the world are cats and dogs. The following are the major advantages of keeping pets.Pets like dogs require regular walking and exercise for proper 2.development(develop). As you take your dog out for 3.a walk，you are also going to exercise your whole body. In fact，dog owners spent a lot more time 4.walking(walk) compared to other people.5Though sharing your problems and difficulties with good friends is good