高考語法專題之十一 省賽獲獎(jiǎng)-過去分詞-0107 完整版課件PPT

1、Past Participle (Revision)I.基本形式和意義 動(dòng)詞的-ed形式，即傳統(tǒng)語法所指的“過去分詞”。它是動(dòng)詞的一種非限定形式。動(dòng)詞的-ed形式兼有動(dòng)詞、副詞和形容詞的特征，可以帶賓語或受狀語修飾。動(dòng)詞的-ed形式和賓語或狀語一起構(gòu)成-ed分詞短語.動(dòng)詞-ed形式的基本形式是“動(dòng)詞+-ed”，但也有不規(guī)則的形式。What happened to the people in the picture? They are injured in the earthquake. Step used as Attribute What should we do with these pe

2、ople? We should send the injured people to hospital as soon as possible. They found a damaged car at the gate of the park.(2)I bought some painted chairs.(3)He lives in the house built by his father.(4)Have you read this book written by LuXun？1. 單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面；過去分詞短語作定語位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。 (1)H

3、e is one of those invited. (2)Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him. (3)He wanted to interview someone related to the matter.2.過去分詞修飾something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody，those 等不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些詞后面。a broken heart a lost dog a risen sun an organized trip a broken glass 一顆

4、破碎的心 喪家之犬 已升起的太陽一次有組織的旅行 一個(gè)破玻璃杯 Practice: please analyze the functions of the past participles 在既定的時(shí)間內(nèi)用所給的單詞被通緝的人被聘工人關(guān)切的神情有關(guān)人士 in the given time with the words given a wanted person workers wanted a concerned look the people concerned3. 過去分詞或過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。 (1)We lived in a house built by m

5、y father.(2)The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environmental protection.We lived in a house that was built by my father.The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about environmental protection. boiling water= water that is boilingboiled water =water that has boiled正在沸騰的水已經(jīng)沸騰過的水pol

6、luted water printed articles 已經(jīng)被污染的水已經(jīng)被打印的文章4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作； 不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語表示一個(gè)已完成的動(dòng)作；只有及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞才表示一個(gè)完成且被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。退休工人逃犯歸國留學(xué)生Compare the followings:(正在變化的)(變化了的) (正在凋謝的) (已經(jīng)凋謝了的)(發(fā)展的)(發(fā)達(dá)的)(正在飄落的)(已經(jīng)飄落了的)the changing worldthe changed worldfading flowersfaded flowersfalling leavesfallen leavesa develo

7、ping countrya developed countryretired workers an escaped prisoner returned students e.g. I have much work to do. The building to be finished at the end of this year will be our lab building. The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful. Did you see the boy being questioned by the police?5. to do

8、to be done doing being done表示一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作表示一個(gè)將來的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作The differences (used as Attribute)I know the people building the house there.The house being built over there is a shop.The house built over there is a shop.(主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行）(被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行)(被動(dòng)、完成）Complete the following sentences:Do you know the

9、 man _ (跟我們數(shù)學(xué)老師談話的)？I lost the pen _(我叔叔買的)。talking to our maths teacherbought by my uncle6.有時(shí)通過一個(gè)數(shù)詞或形容詞加另一名詞的過去分詞可構(gòu)成生動(dòng)形象的復(fù)合形容詞e.g.a three-legged deska one-eyed generalan honest-faced manfive blue-eyed foreignerswarm-heartedgood-tempered一張三條腿的桌子一個(gè)獨(dú)眼的將軍一個(gè)長相誠實(shí)的男人五個(gè)藍(lán)眼睛的外國人Exercises1.The repairs cost a

10、lot ,but its money well . （05 HB） A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending2.The prize of the game show is 30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China. (05BJ) A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid3. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.(04SH

11、 ) A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded4.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company, _as 3M.(04ZJ) A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be knownBBABStep used as Predicative The film is moving. The audiences feel/are moved.1.-ing作表語與-ed作表語的區(qū)別 The resu

12、lt of the test is disappointing.I feel disappointed in the result of the test.What a surprising result!I am surprised at what he said.Conclusion:現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的意義，常指事物；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的意義，常指人。Fill in the blanks with the right form. 1.I had nothing to do. I was _(bore) and lonely.2.Jack looked even more _(amaze) t

13、han he felt.3.The results were very _(disappoint).4.I was thanked by the _ (satisfy) customer.amazedboreddisappointingsatisfiedThe window is broken. The window was broken by the boy. Conclusion: be + 過去分詞，如果表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞；如果表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，此時(shí)主語為動(dòng)作的承受者,后常跟by短語。2. 過去分詞作表語和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別Compare:（1）

14、完全形容詞化了的動(dòng)詞-ed形式：可以被very等副詞修飾，可以有比較級等級形式。常見的有常見的有：bored, disappointed, excited, frightened, interested, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried 等。（2）有的動(dòng)詞-ed形式可以被副詞well修飾，如：built, cooked, done, dressed, known, organized, prepared, written等。（3）其它副詞也可以修飾動(dòng)詞-ed形式 ，如：deeply moved, highly dev

15、eloped, heavily-populated等。3. 注意事項(xiàng)4.動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語時(shí)，其后可以接介詞短語、不定式短語及that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 e.g.: He is very much disappointed at the result. The mother was pleased to hear from her son. Im satisfied that you didnt tell me a lie.1.As we joined the big crowd, I got _from my friends.(03NMET) A. separated B. spared

16、Clost D. missed2.I dont know the restaurant，but it is _ to be quite a good one. (03NMET) A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked 3. The young man seems to be _in law A. interesting B. interested C. interest D. being interested4. Have you read the news in todays newspaper？This news sounds _.(00NMET） A. e

17、ncouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 5.-Shall we go swimming ? -OK. Ill just go and get _. A. changed B. to change C. to be changed D. changingExercises:AABAAStep used as Object Complement及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示一個(gè)完成且被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作; 不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)只表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)。 When he arrived, he found all the work fini

18、shed. We found the village greatly changed.2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作; 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting . I saw the child being beaten by his father. The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. With all the work finished, he went back.（1）讓某人做某事/讓某事（被人）做（2

19、）遭受某種損失或某種不愿要的結(jié)果1. have sth done Yesterday she had her wallet stolen. The old man had his leg broken in the accident. 2.介詞with賓語過去分詞The villagers had many trees planted just then. I have had my bike repaired.ATTENTIONExercises:1.You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often eno

20、ugh. (05Tianjin） A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained2.Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music.(04NMET) A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. make herself heard D. to make herself heard3.If you want _ immediately, you have to give us some money in advance. A. tha

21、t the work be done B. the work done C. to have done the job D. the job that is doneDDB4. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. ( NMET 2003) A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked5. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year. (1999NMET )

22、A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry outBC1. 作時(shí)間狀語Told of his mothers accident, Jack phoned the hospital.Translated into English, the sentence was found to have a different word order.When asked to speak, he complained about the poor service.2. 作原因狀語Caught in the rain, he had a fe

23、ver.Inspired by Oprah Winfery, she became confident.Step used as Adverbial3. 作條件狀語Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. Cleared, this site would be very valuable.The house will look bigger if painted white.She will gladly come to your house if invited.4. 作讓步狀語Defeated, he remained a popular

24、boxer.Though told to stop, he kept on walking.Even if given every opportunity, they would not succeed.5. 作方式狀語I am returning your letter as requested.He was walking sadly as if injured.6. 作伴隨狀語Mary came out of the room, followed by her dog.A crowd rushed in, armed with sticks. Seen from the hill, ou

25、r school looks more beautiful. Seeing from the hill, we can see our beautiful school.3. Having studied hard, he succeeded in passing the final exam.4. Having been told to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to his village.Conclusion: 1.過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯上的主語都為句子主語，但是過去分詞與主語之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間存在主

26、動(dòng)關(guān)系。2.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式和過去分詞兩者都可表示 “完成”和 “被動(dòng)”,但前者更加強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作明顯先于謂語動(dòng)作;而后者的時(shí)間性不強(qiáng)。7.動(dòng)詞的 ed形式與-ing 形式作狀語的區(qū)別：doing having done donehaving been done與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系與句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生The differences (used as Adverbial)Exercises:1._ into use in April 2000, the

27、hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (05 SH)A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put2._ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（05HN） A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed3._ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.（05JS） A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing4.When_help, one often says “Thank you.” or “Its kind of you.”(05FJ) A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered5.When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.(04